Dual-band Planar Antenna Research Articles

A Dual-Band Planar Antenna Array With High-Frequency Ratio for Both Sub-6 Band and mm-Waveband

In the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the major carrier frequency bands of the 5G communication are assigned in the Sub-6 band and the millimeter wave (MMW) band. The frequency ratio between the two bands is more than 4. Due to the contradiction between large element size in Sub-6 band and narrow element spacing in the MMW band, it is hard to design one antenna array to be used in both of the two carrier frequency bands especially for a miniaturized communication system. In this article, a novel dual-band planar antenna array is proposed to solve the contradiction by using recombining technology. The measured results show that the antenna array is able to satisfy the requirements of the two carrier bands. In the Sub-6 band, the antenna array scale is 4×4. The antenna array has an operating band of 4.5-6GHz with the array gain more than 12.9dBi. In ±40° beam scanning angle, the sidelobe level (SLL) is lower than -12dB and the gain variation is less than ±0.9dBi. The isolation between the adjacent elements is more than 20 dB. In the MMW band, the array scale is 4×8. The antenna array has an operating band of 24.5-26GHz with the array gain more than 20dBi. In ±40° beam scanning angle, the SLL is lower than -10dB and the gain variation is less than ±1.9dBi. The isolation between the adjacent elements is more than 20dB. The antenna array has also shown good performance in an actual over air communication test in the two carrier bands by using 16-QAM modulation.

Extremely Low-Profile Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Electric Coupling for 5G Mobile Terminal Applications

For modern mobile terminals, the shrinking antenna space on terminal frames and the increasing number of 5G antennas motivate engineers to seek new space for antennas. The terminal back cover can provide a large area to accommodate planar antennas; thus, mobile planar antennas are becoming a hotspot recently. This communication proposes a novel approach to develop a dual-band planar antenna with an extremely low profile, which is an urgent need for modern ultra-thin terminals. The first two modes (TM0.5, 0 and TM0.5, 1) of the half-mode patch are adopted to cover the two target bands and a parasitic half-mode patch excited through electric coupling is added to expand the impedance and efficiency bandwidths. The realized dual-band patch antenna operating at partial 5G band N78 (3.40–3.60 GHz) and N79 (4.80–4.97 GHz) is with a profile of only 0.5 mm, about <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.006~\lambda _{{\text {L}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{\text {L}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> refers to the lowest frequencies of the operation band). Measured results show that the −6 dB impedance bandwidths are 3.19–3.42 GHz (230 MHz, 6.9%) and 4.77–5.03 GHz (260 MHz, 5.3%) with average efficiencies of −4.2 dB (39.0%) and −3.7 dB (42.6%) at the lower and higher bands, respectively. As far as the authors know, the proposed antenna is with the lowest profile and highest bandwidth-to-volume ratio (BVR) compared to other reported planar dual-band antennas.

무선랜 중계기용 다층 PCB 구조의 평판형 무지향성 이중공진 안테나

In recent years, efforts have been made to replace rod-shaped monopole antennas with planar antennas exhibiting an omnidirectional radiation pattern. In this paper, we describe the design, fabrication, and testing procedures of a dual-band planar antenna that can replace a monopole antenna used in wireless local area network (LAN) routers. The proposed antenna consists of a square metal patch, square ring, and shorting vias on a multilayer printed circuit board to induce 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz dual-band resonance and omnidirectional radiation patterns. The antenna design is optimized using a 3D full-wave simulation software, and an antenna sample is prepared using the printed circuit board fabrication process. The antenna sample is tuned using a copper tape to resolve the operation frequency mismatch, and its performance is tested using a network analyzer and an anechoic chamber. Furthermore, the antenna sample is installed in a commercial wireless LAN router, and its signal reception is analyzed in an actual wireless communication environment to verify its applicability.

A Compact Dual-band Planar Antenna Loaded with Magneto Dielectric Ferrite

In this paper, a compact dual-band planar antenna loaded with magnetodielectric ferrite is proposed for ISM/GSM/UMTS. Slot and ring structures are dual-resonant mode generators of the antenna. And the characteristic mode analysis is used for the modeling, analysis, and optimization of the proposed antenna. Because of the loading of a piece of rectangular Co22W hexaferrite medium, this antenna can be used in lower frequency bands. The electromagnetic parameters of this ferrite are measured by the transmission line method. Finally, the antenna is fabricated and measured. The operation frequency band (S&lt;11&lt;11−-10 dB) is determined to be 80 MHz (890–970 MHz) and 370 MHz (1.87–2.24 GHz) with the dual resonance frequencies of 925 MHz and 2.175 GHz, respectively, which is capable for ISM (915 MHz)/GSM900/UMTS applications.

Planar High-Isolation Dual-Band Dual-Mode Antenna With Omni-/Unidirectional Radiation

A planar dual-band dual-mode antenna with omni-/unidirectional radiation is proposed for 2.45/5.8 GHz bands. The lower-band antenna consists of four modified quarter-mode substrate-integrated waveguide elements, which are excited in-phase and with same magnitude to obtain vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation. The upper-band antenna is based on a four-port square patch with differential feeds to achieve highly isolated dual polarization with broadside radiation. In addition, the square patch is loaded with four overlapped-corner-mushroom structures to broaden the upper bandwidth. The final design with an overall size of 90 × 90 × 3.66 mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^3$</tex-math></inline-formula> (0.735 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda$</tex-math></inline-formula> × 0.735 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda$</tex-math></inline-formula> × 0.03 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda$</tex-math></inline-formula> at 2.45 GHz) was fabricated and measured. The measurements show a 10-dB return loss bandwidth of 160/400 MHz and a gain of 3.4/8.5 dBi at 2.45/5.8 GHz bands, respectively. Furthermore, the antenna prototype demonstrates an isolation of more than 30 dB among all ports. Especially, the isolation among the two ports of the upper-band elements is better than 40 dB.

A Millimeter-Wave Planar Dual-Band Array Antenna Having Individually LHCP and RHCP Radiation Characteristics

This article demonstrates a planar dual-band array antenna for millimeter-wave applications, which has a left-hand circular polarization and a right-hand circular polarization for two operating bands, respectively. By using aperture-fed stacked-curls, the proposed antenna can attain broad axial ratio (AR) bandwidths in both K-and Ka-bands through a single port. Meanwhile, two stacked-curls are designed to rotate in different directions for achieving orthogonal circular polarizations in two bands, respectively. An 8&#x00D7;8 stacked-curls array antenna is designed and manufactured for verifications. The measured 3 dB AR bandwidths are 11.59% (18.7-21 GHz) in the K-band and 9.93% (26.8-29.6 GHz) in the Ka-band, with reflection coefficient lower than -10 dB. The maximum gain in K-and Ka-bands are 18.59 dB and 18.13 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna can be used for developing compact satellite communication systems.

A miniaturized dual-band planar antenna with a square ring defected ground structure for 5G millimetre-wave applications

The high demand for wireless wideband services has led to evolving of a new mobile network standard, which is known as ‘5G’. For 5G to meet the essentials in terms of bandwidth, the industry should leverage the mm-Wave band (24-300 GHz). Further, miniaturized antennas that operate in multiple frequency bands are required for future space-constrained devices. In this manuscript, a compact dual-band circular microstrip antenna which has a square ring defected ground structure (SR-DGS) is investigated for 5G mobile systems. The design is accomplished using Ansys-HFSS 2021R1. The Rogers RT/duroid (5880) substrate, which has a permittivity of 2.2, a tangent loss of 0.0009, and a thickness of 1.575 mm, is used as a dielectric material. The antenna has physical dimensions of 5x4x1.575 mm3 with an electrical size of 0.458λ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; x0.366λ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; x0.144λ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; ; λ&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; represents the wavelength in free space at 27.50 GHz. Impedance bandwidths of 1.34 GHz (27.50 GHz-28.84 GHz) and 2.26 GHz (37.74 GHz-40 GHz) are achieved at the 28 GHz and 38 GHz bands, respectively. The antenna resonates at 28.1875 GHz and 38.5625 GHz with respective gains of 7.2 dB and 7.65 dB. The proposed antenna is a promising candidate for 5G communications due to its miniaturized size.

Design of Compact Dual-band High-gain Planar Antenna for WLAN

A compact dual-band planar antenna with high gain for WLAN application is presented. The antenna fed by CPW is composed of T-type feed and double C-type meander line, which generate the higher and lower operation bands respectively. DGS structure in CPW ground broadens the bandwidths of high frequency. Through electromagnetic simulator software simulation and analysis, the overall size is 30×15.25×1.6mm. The simulation results show that the proposed antenna can operate in 2.35∼2.52GHz and 3.85∼6.14GHz, which cover the WLAN operating bands of IEEE 802.11n and 802.11a/b/g. The gain is 1.42dBi at 2.45GHz, and 4.42dBi at 5.2GHz, and 5.38dBi at 5.8GHz, respectively. The radiation patter of the antenna is omnidirectional and has higher gain.

Circuit Modelling Methodology for Dual-band Planar Antennas

This paper presents a simple and systematic approach to determine the equivalent frequencyindependent circuit model for a dual-band planar antenna. The Foster Canonical network synthesis technique with two RLC tanks has been employed to generate the two resonant bands of the antenna. The transfer function model is subsequently refined using a data fitting algorithm (viz the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm). Parametric adjustments are performed at the final stage in order to further improve the accuracy of the final parameters.

Implementation and parametric analysis of single and dual band planar filtering antennas for WLAN applications

Implementation and parametric analysis of single and dual band planar filtering antennas suitable for WLAN applications are described in this paper. The single band filtering antenna is designed using the filter synthesis approach in which the last resonator of the 5th order Chebyshev stub loaded bandpass filter is replaced by a monopole antenna. The dual band filtering antenna is designed by adding Electromagnetic Band Gap structures in the ground plane of stub fed patch antenna. The parameters of the two filtering antennas are analyzed and provide validation of the merits and demerits of the two design techniques used in the implementation of filtering antennas. Single band filtering antenna is designed at a center frequency of 2.4 GHz and has a gain of 3.1 dBi with less than − 16 dB reflection coefficient. The filter selectivity at the band edges is found to be 75/86 dB/GHz. The size of the single band filtering antenna is 0.68 λ0 × 0.216 λ0 (λ0 is the operating wavelength) and the structure is suitable for WLAN applications. Dual band filtering antenna is designed to have two operating bands at center frequency 1.875 GHz and 2.4 GHz. The reflection coefficient at the two operating bands is found to be less than – 20 dB and produces radiation nulls on either side of the two operating bands. The proposed dual band filtering antenna has dimension 0.57 λ0 × 0.714 λ0 and is suitable for LTE and WLAN applications as it has a gain of 5.8 dBi and 4.08 dBi at 1.875 GHz and 2.4 GHz respectively.

A Dual-band Planar Antenna for Wireless Local Area Network Applications

Wireless local area network (WLAN) communication is one of the fast and secure wireless technologies, which is vastly used in nowadays portable and handheld devices. This paper is oriented on designing of a planar WLAN antenna to serve in WLAN network devices. The designed antennas are single and dual-band planar monopole antennas to be working at IEEE 802.11 WLAN frequencies; 2.45 GHz and 5.2/5.8 GHz bands. Different configurations have been used in the design process, especially for the dual-band antenna, where dual-resonant is required. The antennas have been designed analytically then simulated using the CST software package. Simulation results for the input reflection coefficient, realized gain, and radiation pattern have been considered to evaluate their features. The antennas have also been fabricated practically and practical measurements for the input reflection coefficient and radiation pattern have been taken which shown a good agreement with those of simulation.

Dual band circular polarized bow tie slotted patch antenna over high impedance surface for WiMAX application

AbstractA novel planar dual-band bow-tie slotted patch antenna backed by high-impedance surface (HIS) is designed at 2.5 and 3.5 GHz for wireless application. The antenna employs coplanar waveguide fed patch and bow-tie slot as radiating elements. The bow-tie slot enables dual-band operation for the antenna. The HIS is made asymmetric in design to make it polarization dependent. This polarization-dependent HIS is eventually designed to reflect circularly polarized waves from linearly polarized incident waves.

Highly Isolated Compact Planar Dual-Band Antenna With Polarization/Pattern Diversity Characteristics for MIMO Terminals

A highly isolated two-element dual-band antenna with polarization/pattern diversity is presented in this letter for multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) terminals. The MIMO configuration consists of two orthogonally placed identical monopole antenna elements. In both the bands (2.3–2.5 and 5–5.2 GHz), isolation (| S 21| or | S 12|) ≥ 20 dB is achieved by using a simple decoupling structure. Measured impedance bandwidth of 200 and 190 MHz is achieved in the lower and upper bands, respectively. The individual antenna element has a size of 14 mm × 14 mm, and the MIMO configuration of two elements covers an area of 38 mm × 18.2 mm. Polarization diversity between the elements is achieved by placing them orthogonal to each other, whereas pattern diversity is verified through measurement of the envelope correlation coefficient and radiation patterns. The elements exhibit good efficiency and gain in spite of being compact. The measured and simulated results verify that the proposed design performs well in both the bands.

CPW-fed concurrent, dual band planar antenna for millimeter wave applications

AbstractIn recent years, millimeter wave (MMW) has received tremendous interest among researchers, which offers systems with high data rate communication, portability, and finer resolution. The design of the antenna at MMWs is challenging as it suffers from fabrication and measurement complexities due to associated smaller dimensions. Current state-of-the-art MMW dual-band antenna techniques demand high precision fabrication, which increases the overall cost of the system. Henceforth, the design of an MMW antenna with fabrication and measurement simplicity is quite challenging. In this paper, a simple coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed single-band MMW antenna operating at 94 GHz (W band) and a dual-band MMW antenna operating concurrently at 60 GHz (V band) and 86 GHz (E band) have been designed, fabricated, and measured. A 50 Ω CPW-to-microstrip transition has also been designed to facilitate probe measurement compatibility and to provide proper feeding to the antenna. The fabricated single frequency 94 GHz antenna shows a fractional bandwidth of 11.2% andE-plane (H-plane) gain 6.17 dBi (6.2 dBi). Furthermore, the designed MMW dual-band antenna shows fractional bandwidth: 2/6.4%, andE-plane (H-plane) gain: 7.29 dBi (7.36 dBi)/8.73 dBi (8.68 dBi) at 60/86 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna provides a simple and cost-effective solution for different MMW applications.

Dual‐band planar antenna loaded with CRLH unit cell for WLAN/WiMAX application

A dual-band planar antenna based on composite right and left handed (CRLH) metamaterial is presented. The proposed antenna is comprised of a host folded planar monopole antenna and a CRLH transmission line unit cell. Due to another resonance frequency generated from the loaded CRLH unit cell, the presented antenna is actually a planar antenna with dual resonance bands at the centre frequency of 2.50 and 5.80 GHz, respectively, which can be regulated independently. The developed antenna also has different polarisations, the linear polarisation at the lower band and the circular polarisation at the upper resonance band. Rather than the complicated structure as before, this antenna is fabricated easily for the simple configuration without holes and the interdigital capacitances. The results of this study show that the reflection coefficient and radiation pattern have a good agreement between the simulation and measurement, the simulated relative bandwidth is 22.8% (2.22–2.79 GHz) and 10.8% (5.42–6.04 GHz), which meet the Wi-Fi/Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) specification very well.

Rapid dimension scaling of dual-band antennas using variable-fidelity EM models and inverse surrogates

Computationally, efficient scaling of geometry parameters that allows finding the structure dimensions for various operating frequencies is important to expedite the antenna design process. Unfortunately, the scaling problem is challenging, particularly for dual- and multi-band antennas because certain geometry parameters may influence several bands. Also, the relationship between the optimum dimensions and operating frequencies is normally nonlinear and cannot be accurately described using analytical models. In this work, we address the scaling problem for dual-band antennas so that optimum dimensions ensuring that the antenna operates at the two frequencies of choice can be obtained at minimum cost. The presented approach exploits inverse surrogate models where geometry parameters of the structure are represented through design surfaces. The latter are identified using a set of reference designs obtained for coarse-discretization electromagnetic (EM) simulation models and further corrected to be applicable at the high-fidelity EM model level. The proposed method is demonstrated using two examples of dual-band planar antennas. Simulation results are validated using experimental data.

Comparison and Performance Evaluation on Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Application

This paper present a comparative study between two works proposed for microstrip patch antenna dual band operations. The comparison is made between a dual-band planar antenna with a compact radiator for 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications and a printed circular microstrip patch antenna with a four rectangular shape strip and co planar rectangular ground plane antenna. The comparative analysis between these two antennas consist of following parameters such as dimensions, bandwidth, gain, return loss, directivity etc.

Dual Band High Directivity Microstrip Patch Antenna RotatedStepped-Impedance Array Loaded with CSRRs for WLAN Applications

A suspended dual band planar antenna based on a stepped-impedance structure modified to an array, loaded with Complementary Split-Ring Resonators (CSRRs), possessing good directivity pertaining point to point backhaul communication is acquainted. The presented antenna radiates at 2.4-2.5 GHz (4.4%) and 5.3-5.9 GHz (12%) with |S11| < −10 dB, accompanying directivity of 11.6 dBi and 11.3 dBi respectively. The antenna is loaded with CSRRs which works as a L-C tank resonator, to obtain better coupling, and to lower the frequency of radiation in 2.4 GHz band along with decreasing the return loss for both the bands of WLAN. The Suspended antenna, symmetrical across vertical axis, has four branches, each of which are obtained from Maximally Stepped-Impedance filter. A stable radiation pattern with high directivity in both the WLAN bands is achieved.

Planar ACS FED Dual Band Antenna with DGS for Wireless Applications

Planar ACS FED Dual Band Antenna with DGS for Wireless Applications

Beamforming and Angle-of-Arrival Estimation of Square Planar Antenna Array

This paper presents a dual-band planar antenna array for ISM band applications (2.4 GHz and 2.45 GHz). This antenna is proposed for indoor applications and enables adaptive beamforming and angle of arrival (AOA) estimation. An adaptive beamforming algorithm is applied for a planar antenna array, which is able to steer its main beam and nulls in azimuth and elevation planes over a wide frequency band. Planar antenna array operates as a spatial filter in 3D space, processing the received signals with weighting schemes. A planar antenna array is designed for AOA estimation in azimuth and elevation planes by using MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) based on subspace algorithm. The Base Station (BS) equipped with this planar antenna is preferred to be at the center position on the room ceiling to cover all sectors of the room. It is designed to use four directional triangular elements arranged to form a square planar antenna array. Planar antenna with four elliptical slotted triangular elements (PAFESTE) is used to obtain optimal directivity in four directions in azimuth plane with specific orientation of 30? in elevation plane. It is characterized by half power beamwidth in elevation plane of about 60? and half power beamwidth in azimuth plane of about 90?.