Dual Active Site Research Articles

Unveiling the Dual Role of Oxophilic Cr4+ in Cr-Cu2O Nanosheet Arrays for Enhanced Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia.

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O)-based catalysts present a promising activity for the electrochemical nitrate (NO3-) reduction to ammonia (eNO3RA), but the electrochemical instability of Cu+ species may lead to an unsatisfactory durability, hindering the exploration of the structure-performance relationship. Herein, we propose an efficient strategy to stabilize Cu+ through the incorporation of Cr4+ into the Cu2O matrix to construct a Cr4+-O-Cu+ network structure. In situ and quasi-in situ characterizations reveal that the Cu+ species are well maintained via the strong Cr4+-O-Cu+ interaction that inhibits the leaching of lattice oxygen. Importantly, in situ generated Cr3+-O-Cu+ from Cr4+-O-Cu+ is identified as a dual-active site for eNO3RA, wherein the Cu+ sites are responsible for the activation of N-containing intermediates, while the assisting Cr3+ centers serve as the electron-proton mediators for rapid water dissociation. Theoretical investigations further demonstrated that the metastable state Cr3+-O-Cu+ favors the conversion from the endoergic hydrogenation of the key *ON intermediate to an exoergic reaction in an ONH pathway, and facilitates the subsequent NH3 desorption with a low energy barrier. The superior eNO3RA with a maximum 91.6% Faradaic efficiency could also be coupled with anodic sulfion oxidation to achieve concurrent NH3 production and sulfur recovery with reduced energy input.

Polyoxometalate-embedded copper-organic network as dual-site synergetic catalyst for the selective oxidation of benzylic C−H bond

Selective activation and oxidization of inert C−H bonds into value-added chemicals affords attractively economic and ecological benefits, as well as central challenge in modern synthetic chemistry. Herein, by integrating the redox polyoxometalate (POM) centers and multinuclear copper sites in one system, four compounds were constructed with formulas of [Cu2(μ2-Cl)(H2O)2L3][PM12O40]·4H2O (M = Mo for 1, W for 2), and [Cu4(μ2-OH)4L2] [H3PM11CuO40]·12H2O (M = Mo for 3, W for 4, L = 1,4-di[4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]-benzene). Both compounds 1–2 exhibited 3-D POM-embedded supramolecular networks constructed by discrete [PM12O40]3− clusters and binuclear {Cu2(μ2-Cl)(N–N)2} unit-based metal-organic sheets. While compounds 3–4 displayed 3-D POM-supported supramolecular networks composed of monosubstituted Keggin-type anions [H3PM11CuO40]4− and {Cu2(μ2-OH)(N–N)2} chain-based metal-organic layers. Four crystalline structures with distinct dual-active site distribution showed significant peroxidase-like activities owing to the collaborative catalysis of multinuclear copper units and polyanionic clusters, which can smoothly catalyze the C−H bond oxidation of diphenylmethane to benzophenone with ca. 97 % conversion and >98 % selectivity within 24 h. Notably, the monosubstituted [H3PM11CuO40]4−-based compounds 3−4 showed higher catalytic activities than [PM12O40]3−-based compounds 1−2 (88 % conversion and >97 % selectivity within 12 h). This kind of crystalline structures also showed good recoverability. The synergetic reaction mechanism was also explored. This work provides a new strategy to design robust heterogeneous POM-based synergetic catalysts for C−H bond functionalization.

The CeO2 morphology modulates the density and catalytic performance of dual-active site for enhancing the palmitic acid conversion

Designing active sites with multi-function to meet the complicated reaction is a challenge task. Herein, we find that morphology of cerium oxide (CeO2) shows strong influence on the density and catalytic reactivity of dual-active site formed on it. Nanorods CeO2 (CeO2-NR) has large specific surface area and abundant oxygen vacancy (Ov), making small size of Ni (below 2 nm) highly disperse on it. However, 39.7 nm Ni poorly distributes on CeO2 composed of irregularly stacked particles (CeO2-NP), displaying much smaller specific surface area and fewer Ov compared with those on CeO2-NR. Small size Ni and abundant Ov show better abilities in activation of H2 and palmitic acid, respectively. Moreover, abundant Ov and highly dispersed Ni increase their intimacy on CeO2-NR. These make Ni/CeO2-NR catalyst has high density of Ni-Ov dual-active site, showing better synergetic catalytic performance for conversion of palmitic acid into alkanes than that on Ni/CeO2-NP.

Preparation of catalytic ceramic nanofiber membranes with MnFe dual-active sites enhancing catalytic ozonation of sulfamethoxazole

Membrane-based catalytic ozonation has recently attracted significant attention for its simultaneous boosted contaminant degradation and separation. In this work, catalytic ceramic nanofiber membranes ((MnFe0.05)@CNM) with MnFe dual-active site are prepared by anchoring FeOx nanoparticles onto Mn@CNM via an impregnation and in-situ precipitation method. The (MnFe0.05)@CNM coupled with catalytic ozonation was applied to the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), achieving a removal rate of up to 99.2 %. The catalytic degradation of SMX is verified by reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenching and EPR detection experiments, which shows that the 1O2, ·OH and O2·- are involved. Furthermore, (MnFe0.05)@CNM demonstrates superior catalytic stability, redox properties, and an abundance of acidic sites, as are revealed by H2-TPR and NH3-TPD analysis. The boosted performance is attributed to the synergistic catalysis by Mn and Fe bimetals under nano-confinement effect of membrane pores through facilitated electron transfer between Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, Fe2+, and Fe3+, and promoting the decomposition of ozone and the generation of ROS. The nano-confinement effect of (MnFe0.05)@CNM also reduces the mass transfer distance between ROS and SMX, promoting ROS to attack the SMX molecules. This study presents a novel approach to developing catalytic ceramic membranes for the enhanced degradation of emerging contaminants in water.

CO2 hydrogenation to methanol on efficient Pd modified α-MoC1−x catalysts

It is a potentially desirable process of utilizing CO2 as a feedstock to make valuable chemicals such as methanol. Results from the current study demonstrate Pd modified α-MoC1−x is a high active and selective catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. α-MoC1−x is active for both methanol synthesis and RWGS reaction. The addition of 0.1 wt% Pd to α-MoC1−x decreases the CO2 hydrogenation reaction activation energy and increases the CH3OH selectivity due to the H2 spillover effect of Pd. RWGS + CO-hydro pathway as a non-competitive parallel pathway to the dominant formate pathway is verified on Pd/α-MoC1−x/C-N, which increases threefold methanol STY compared with α-MoC1−x/C-N catalyst. This work supplies a feasible strategy for creating a dual active site to enhance the efficiency of methanol synthesis.

Influences of the spacing between nitrogen atoms on tribological performance of dual active site phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) ionic liquid

Four dual active site ionic liquids (ILs): N2NP0, N4NP0, N6NP0, N10NP0 and three single active site ILs: N2P0, N3P0, N8P0 were synthesized successfully, furthermore, anti-wear and extreme pressure properties of the additives were tested with 0.5 wt% concentration in PAO10 base oil. The results showed that N6NP0 with carbon chain length of six between the nitrogen atoms exhibits the best tribological performance (The wear scar diameter is 0.39 mm, the values of PB (the last non-seizure loads) and PD (weld points) were 135 Kgf and 200 Kgf, respectively), which is mainly attributed to the formed thicker tribo-film (thickness of 50–60 nm) on the friction surface. Through analyzing the tribological morphology, chemical composition and tribo-film microstructure of wear scars surface by SEM-EDS, 3D profile, AFM, XPS and FIB-TEM, the lubrication mechanism of ILs was revealed. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that the tribological performance of dual active site ionic liquid additives depend strongly on their molecular configuration. It was found that rational adjustment of the length of the ILs cationic active site linkage group results in a reduction of the steric hindrance of the entire molecule. This study will help to guide the design of ILs with good tribological performance and low phosphorus content.

PdZn/CoSA‐NC Nanozymes with Highly Efficient SOD/CAT Activities for Treatment of Osteoarthritis via Regulating Immune Microenvironment

AbstractInflammatory infiltration of synovial M1 macrophages, high levels of ROS, and NO exacerbate osteoarthritis (OA) progression. The PdZn/CoSA‐NC nanozymes, which are highly ordered PdZn intermetallic nanoparticles loaded with Co single atom N‐doped carbon‐rich in multi‐level pores, in an attempt to serve as SOD and CAT mimicking nanozymes for OA therapy is designed. The PdZn/CoSA‐NC nanozymes' high electron transfer and dual active site sufficient exposure enhances free radical adsorption and lower reaction energies, accelerating SOD‐like, CAT‐like, and GPx‐like catalyzed reactions, outperforming CoSA‐NC and PdZn/NC alone. Furthermore, PdZn/CoSA‐NC nanozymes exhibit favorable biocompatibility, reduce synovial macrophage oxidative stress in OA, alleviate hypoxia, restore mitochondrial function, regulate energy metabolism, increase antioxidant factors, and reduce inflammatory factors, thus effectively mitigating the progression of OA. Mechanistically, PdZn/CoSA‐NC nanozymes downregulate M1‐type phenotypic markers like IL‐1β by regulating purine metabolism. The PdZn/CoSA‐NC nanozymes offer a novel approach to treating oxidative stress‐related inflammatory diseases.

Multifunctional Fe/Cu Dual-Single Atom Nanozymes with Enhanced Peroxidase Activity for Isoniazid Detection and Levofloxacin Degradation.

The design of single-atom nanozymes with dual active sites to increase their activity and for the detection and degradation of contaminants is rare and challenging. In this work, a single-atom nanozyme (FeCu-NC) based on a three-dimensional porous Fe/Cu dual active site was developed as a colorimetric sensor for both the quantitative analysis of isoniazid (INH) and the efficient degradation of levofloxacin (LEV). FeCu-NC was synthesized using a salt template and freeze-drying method with a three-dimensional hollow porous structure and dual active sites (Fe-Nx and Cu-Nx). In terms of morphology and structure, FeCu-NC exhibits excellent peroxidase-like activity and catalytic properties. Therefore, a colorimetric sensor was constructed around FeCu-NC for sensitive and rapid quantitative analysis of INH with a linear range of 0.9-10 μM and a detection limit as low as 0.3 μM, and the sensor was successfully applied to the analysis of INH in human urine. In addition, FeCu-NC promoted the efficient degradation of LEV by peroxymonosulfate activation, with a degradation rate of 90.4% for LEV at 30 min. This work sheds new light on the application of single-atom nanozymes to antibiotics for colorimetric sensing and degradation.

Graphitized Carbon-Supported Co@Co3O4 for Ozone Decomposition over the Entire Humidity Range.

Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution has emerged as a significant concern due to its detrimental effects on human health and the ecosystem. Catalytic removal of O3 has proven to be the most efficient and cost-effective method. However, its practical application faces substantial challenges, particularly in relation to its effectiveness across the entire humidity range. Herein, we proposed a novel strategy termed "dual active sites" by employing graphitized carbon-loaded core-shell cobalt catalysts (Co@Co3O4-C). Co@Co3O4-C was synthesized via the pyrolysis of a Co-organic ligand as the precursor. By utilizing this approach, we achieved a nearly constant 100% working efficiency of the Co@Co3O4-C catalyst for catalyzing O3 decomposition across the entire humidity range. Physicochemical characterization coupled with density functional theory calculations elucidates that the presence of encapsulated metallic Co nanoparticles enhances the reactivity of the cobalt oxide capping layer. Additionally, the interface carbon atom, strongly influenced by adjacent metallic Co nuclei, functions as a secondary active site for the decomposition of O3 decomposition. The utilization of dual active sites effectively mitigates the competitive adsorption of H2O molecules, thus isolating them for adsorption in the cobalt oxide capping layer. This optimized configuration allows for the decomposition of O3 without interference from moisture. Furthermore, O3 decomposition monolithic catalysts were synthesized using a material extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, which demonstrated a low pressure drop and exceptional mechanical strength. This work provides a "dual active site" strategy for the O3 decomposition reaction, realizing O3 catalytic decomposition over the entire humidity range.

Modulation of Reactive Hydrogen Adsorbed on Dual-Active Site NiMoO4 Nanocubes for Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia

Modulation of Reactive Hydrogen Adsorbed on Dual-Active Site NiMoO₄ Nanocubes for Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia

Boosting Up Electrosynthesis of Urea with Nitrate and Carbon Dioxide via Synergistic Effect of Metallic Iron Cluster and Single-Atom.

Electrocatalytic conversion of nitrates and carbon dioxide to urea under ambient conditions shows promise as a potential substitute for traditional urea synthesis processes characterized by high consumption and pollution. In this study, a straightforward one-pot method is employed to prepare a highly efficient FeNC-Fe1N4 electrocatalyst, consisting of atomically dispersed Fe1N4 sites and metallic Fe clusters (FeNC) with particle size of 4-7nm. The FeNC-Fe1N4 catalyst exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity for urea synthesis from nitrate anion (NO3 -) and carbon dioxide (CO2), achieving a urea production rate of 38.2mmolgcat -1h-1 at -0.9V (vs RHE) and a Faradaic efficiency of 66.5% at -0.6V (vs RHE). Both experimental and theoretical results conclusively demonstrate that metallic Fe clusters and Fe1N4 species provide active sites for the adsorption and activation of NO3 - and CO2, respectively, and the synergistic effect between Fe1N4 and metallic Fe clusters significantly enhances the electrochemical efficiency of urea synthesis. In all, this work contributes to the rational design and comprehensive synthesis of a dual-active site iron-based electrocatalyst, facilitating efficient and sustainable urea synthesis.

Introduction of element Bi in the P-block promotes N2 activation for efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to produce ammonia

The synthesis of ammonia through electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions is a presumable strategy. However, it still faces the problems of poor activity and low Faradic efficiency, so the development of efficient, stable and highly selective catalysts is of the importance. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) materials are widely used in NRR reactions owing to good electrical conductivity and abundant active sites, but the edge active site is the dual active site of NRR and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Encouragingly, the strong interaction between elements in the P-block and N 2p orbitals results in excellent performance in adsorbing and activating nitrogen. Meanwhile, the partial occupation of p-orbitals by elements in the P-block also leads to poor HER activity. Herein, we introduced the P-block element Bi into 1 T-MoS2 and prepared Bi2S3/MoS2 composite. Taking advantage of the high conductivity of 1 T-MoS2 and the N2 adsorption and activation advantages of Bi element, an ammonia yield rate of 54.64 µg h−1 mg−1cat. and a high Faradic efficiency of 58.56 % were obtained. In addition, the active site and the evolution pathway of N2 reduction were investigated by in-situ infrared spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory (DFT). The in-situ infrared spectroscopy measurement results manifested the presence of the main intermediate transition state during the reduction of N2 to NH3. The calculation results indicated that N2 had the best adsorption on the introduced P-block element Bi, and the entire NRR reaction process followed an alternating pathway. This study reveals the synergistic effect of P-block elements and transition metal-based electrocatalytic materials on nitrogen reduction to ammonia synthesis.

Continuous kinetics of 2-hydroxyisobutryic acid esterification using solid acid granular and monolithic activated carbon catalysts

Kinetics of 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) esterification with ethanol was studied using sulfonated carbon catalysts in granular (sGAC) and monolith (sACM) forms in a continuous flow packed bed reactor. 2-HIBA is a potential biobased carboxylic acid and its ester a sustainably produced industrial solvent. The catalyst monolith form, made from renewable carbon, offers significantly higher space time yields and conversions, yet little kinetic data or models are available for its use, especially under non-ideal conditions. The effect of ethanol/2-HIBA molar ratio (44, 10, 3.6 and 1.5) at different liquid residence times (3–9 min) was investigated using sGAC. Kinetics of sACM esterifications were investigated at a molar ratio of 3.6 by varying the residence time (2–7 min) and compared with the sGAC. The sACM displayed higher ester yields, acid conversions, and significantly higher reaction rates and space–time-yields (2.1–2.8 ×) compared to the sGAC due to higher surface area to volume ratio. The sACM reaction rates and turnover frequency were comparable to solid acid resins and sulfated silica and zirconia. Pseudo-homogeneous, Eley-Rideal and Langmuir-Hinshelwood models were applied to fit the kinetic data, and the reaction system parameters were obtained through regression analysis. The LH dual active site model resulted in the lowest mean relative error for both 2-HIBA and ester concentration residuals. Adsorption/desorption equilibrium constants for 2-HIBA, ethanol, and ester, were higher compared to water suggesting hydrophobic regions in the sGAC/sACM. Estimation of the external and internal mass transfer criteria indicated negligible effects of mass transfer. With further development sACM and the kinetic model can be used for reactor design of continuous esterification processes using solid acid monolith catalysts.

Dual Active Site Mediated Photocatalytic H2 Evolution through Water Splitting Using CeO2/PPy/BFO Double Heterojunction Catalyst

Dual Active Site Mediated Photocatalytic H₂ Evolution through Water Splitting Using CeO₂/PPy/BFO Double Heterojunction Catalyst

Multifunctional N, Fe dual active site hydrothermal biochar for efficiently degrading paclobutrazol and promoting crop growth

The development of a low-cost, highly catalytic, and soil fertility-improving biochar material is of significant importance for the sustained remediation of organic pollutants in the environment. In this study, multifunctional N, Fe dual active site biochar (NF-BC) was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method using cotton straw, urea, and FeCl3 as raw materials. Compared to the original biochar, NF-BC exhibits high graphitic-N content and abundant Fe2+, enabling efficient activation of Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the removal of Paclobutrazol (PBZ) in water and soil. EPR and quenching experiments confirm that the free radical pathway (•OH) and the non-free radical pathway (1O2) act together in PBZ degradation. The DFT results illustrate the benzene and pyridine rings of PBZ are electron-rich regions, which can be attacked by reactive oxygen species. Then three possible degradation pathways are provided by combining them with the LC/MS test. After remediation by the NF-BC/PMS system, the soil fertility index and plant growth are significantly improved. Compared to CK, the pH value and SOM content of the soil remained unchanged after remediation with the NF-BC/PMS system, while the content of available K and hydrolyzed N increased by 27.18 and 2.27 times, respectively. The pot experiments showed that the NF-BC/PMS system not only alleviates the stress of PBZ on mung bean seedlings, but also promotes an increase in leaf area, accumulation of dry biomass, and root growth. This work provides a new idea for the preparation of low-cost and multifunctional biochar for the efficient removal of pesticides in soil and water environments.

Copper-cobalt dual-site on N-doped carbon nanotube with dual-promoted synergy for glucose electrochemical detection

Doping specific active sites and accelerating the decisive step of glucose catalysis to construct highly active glucose sensing electrochemical catalysts remains a major challenge for glucose sensing. Herein, we report the detailed design of Cu–Co dual active site N-doped carbon nanotube (CuCo-NCNTs) obtained by electrodeposition modification, programmed warming and calcination for electrochemical glucose detection. In the CuCo-NCNTs material system, Cu serves as the main active site for glucose sensing. Co with good adsorption of hydroxyl groups acts as the site providing hydroxyl groups to provide oxygen source for Cu oxidized glucose sensing. The synergistic effect between the two active sites in the Cu–Co system and the abundant micro-reactive sites exposed by carbon nanotubes greatly ensure the excellent electrocatalytic performance of glucose oxidation reaction. Therefore, CuCo-NCNTs have good electrocatalytic performance with a sensitivity of 0.84 mA mM−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 1 μM, and also have excellent stability and specificity. DFT calculations elucidate the decisive steps of H-atom removal in the oxidation of glucose by Cu active site N-doped carbon nanotube (Cu-NCNTs) and Co active site N-doped carbon nanotube (CuCo-NCNTs) materials, illustrating the role of oxygen source provided by hydroxyl group adsorption in the electrochemical sensing process of glucose, thus demonstrating that the electrochemical sensing signal of glucose can be effectively enhanced when cobalt species that readily adsorb hydroxyl groups are introduced into the materials.

HOFs structured CN template enables the dual regulation of Cu–O and Cu–N active sites in porous Cu-g-CN for synergistic photo-Fenton process

Photo-Fenton catalysis with strong oxidation potential and cyclic stability represents a promising technique for addressing the escalating environmental challenges. However, the photo-Fenton activity using Fe/Cu doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) catalysts is significantly hindered by the limited reaction interface and non-tunable surface-active sites. Herein, we present a novel CN polymer type hydrogen bonded organic framework (CN-HOFs) template derived Cu-g-CN (Cu/CH-g-CN) based hybriding catalyst (CN-HOFs/Cu/CH-g-CN), which process greatly optimized surface features for high-performance photo-Fenton reaction with exceptional durability in a broad pH range of 3–11. Importantly, the distinctive porous structure of CN-HOFs template offers not only high specific surface area, but also the possibility to regulate Cu active sites. The coexistence of Cu–O and Cu–N active sites is identified by XPS, which facilitates the separation and migration of photogenerated charges, expediting the redox cycle. The synergistic photo-Fenton reaction boosted by the porous CN-HOFs structure and the dual Cu active sites (Cu–O and Cu–N) was verified by degradation activity of tetracycline. Under visible light irradiation at a concentration of 20 mg/L, the degradation efficiency reaches nearly 100% within 20 min, with exceptional cycling stability. Further investigations have revealed that the Cu–O active site is conducive to the adsorption of organic pollutants, while the Cu–N active site promotes electron transfer, accelerates the cyclic conversion of Cu+ and Cu2+. The dual copper active site is beneficial for the generation of hydroxyl radicals and the stable operation of the catalyst, resulting in significant photo-Fenton activity. This work underscores the importance of regulating the nanoscale morphology and electronic structure of photofunctional catalysts, not only to increase the active sites for photo-Fenton reactions but also to facilitate charge transfer and the cycling of active metal ions, thereby improving the sustainability of heterogeneous photo-Fenton process.

Templated Synthesis of Cu2S Hollow Structures for Highly Active Ozone Decomposition

Nowadays, it is highly desired to develop highly active and humidity-resistive ozone decomposition catalysts to eliminate the ozone contaminant, one of the primary pollutants in the air. In this work, a series of Cu2S hollow structured materials were rapidly synthesized using different structured Cu2O templates. The Cu2S from porous Cu2O showed the highest ozone catalytic decomposition efficiency of >95% to 400 ppm ozone with a weight hourly space velocity of 480,000 cm3·g−1·h−1 in dry air. Importantly, the conversion remained >85% in a high relative humidity of 90%. The mechanism was explored by diffusive reflectance infrared spectroscopy which showed the decomposition intermediate of O22−, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the dual active site of both Cu and S. The EPR and UPS characterization results also explained the superiority of porous Cu2S catalysts from the material itself. All these results show the effective decomposition of ozone by Cu2S, especially in harsh environments, promising for active ozone elimination.

Single-metal-atom-anchored RuN2 monolayers: A high-performance electrocatalyst for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reactions

The development of alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) is severely hampered by the scarcity of efficient Pt-free catalysts for the anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). In this work, we systematically explored the HOR performance of single 3d transition metal atom-doped RuN2 monolayers (TM-RuN2, TM = Ti-Zn) by density functional theory calculations. Formation energy, oxidation potential, and electronic structure analyses indicate that the Ti, V, Fe, Co, and Ni-doped RuN2 not only have a good conductivity, but also possess strong thermodynamic and electrochemical stability. For TM-RuN2, the ortho-N and metal (TM or ortho-Ru) atoms form a dual-active site for the adsorption of H* and OH*, respectively, where the adsorption strength is fine-tunable via the TM-modulated electronic structure. The HOR occurs preferentially through the H2 + OH*-H* + OH* mechanism on the pristine and Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn-doped RuN2, and the Tafel − H* + OH* mechanism on the Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and Fe-doped RuN2. The precisely balanced H* and OH* adsorption strength of Fe-RuN2 results in the ultra-low free energy barriers to HOR. Benefiting from the strong thermodynamic and electrochemical stability, good conductivity, and excellent HOR activity, Fe-RuN2 exhibits a huge potential as HOR electrocatalysts for AEMFCs.

Self-Assembly Dual Active Site Nanocomposite Anode Ce0.6Mn0.3Fe0.1O2-δ/NiFe/MnOx for Electrooxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane to Ethylene.

As the demand for ethylene grows continuously in industry, conversion of ethane to ethylene has become more and more important; however, it still faces fundamental challenges of low ethane conversion, low ethylene selectivity, overoxidation, and instability of catalysts. Electrooxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (EODHE) in a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is an alternative process. Here, a multiphase oxide Ce0.6Mn0.3Fe0.1O2-δ-NiFe-MnOx has been fabricated by a self-assembly process and utilized as the SOEC anode material for EODHE. The highest ethane conversions reached 52.23% with 94.11% ethylene selectivity at the anode side and CO with 10.9 mL min-1 cm-2 at the cathode side, at 1.8 V at 700 °C. The remarkable electrooxidative performance of CMF-NiFe-MnOx is ascribed to the NiFe alloy and MnOx nanoparticles and improvement of the concentration of oxygen vacancies within the fluorite substrate, generating dual active sites for C2H6 adsorption, dehydrogenation, and selective transformation of hydrogen without overoxidizing the ethylene generated. Such a tailored strategy achieves no significant degradation observed after 120 h of operation and constitutes a promising basis for EODHE.