DTG Peaks Research Articles

Fabrication of Polycaprolactone-Based Polyurethanes with Enhanced Thermal Stability.

The benefit of being acquainted with thermal properties, especially the thermal stability of polyurethanes (PU), and simplified methods for their improvement is manifold. Considering this, the effect of embedding different amounts of unmodified and surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) within PU, based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and Boltorn® aliphatic hyperbranched polyester, on PU properties was investigated. Results obtained via scanning electron microscopy, swelling measurements, mechanical tests and thermogravimetric analysis revealed that TiO2 NPs can be primarily applied to improve the thermal performance of PU. Through surface modification of TiO2 NPs with an amphiphilic gallic acid ester containing a C12 long alkyl chain (lauryl gallate), the impact on thermal stability of PU was greater due to the better dispersion of modified TiO2 NPs in the PU matrix compared to the unmodified ones. Also, the distinct shape of DTG peaks of the composite prepared using modified TiO2 NPs indicates that applied nano-filler is mostly embedded in soft segments of PU, leading to the delay in thermal degradation of PCL, simultaneously improving the overall thermal stability of PU. In order to further explore the thermal degradation process of the prepared composites and prove the dominant role of incorporated TiO2 NPs in the course of thermal stability of PU, various iso-conversional model-free methods were applied. The evaluated apparent activation energy of the thermal degradation reaction at different conversions clearly confirmed the positive impact of TiO2 NPs on the thermal stability and aging resistance of PU.

The influence of ionic liquid concentration on microcrystalline cellulose modification

Ethanolic ionic liquid (IL) solutions, containing different 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C4MImCl) concentrations were used to modify the surface of commercial microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The chosen ratios were: 4, 8, 16, and 32 wt.% of IL, in relation to the MCC mass. These treatments with IL did not affect the MCC morphology. FTIR analysis showed the characteristic bands of C4MImCl when the IL concentration was higher than 4 wt.%. XRD diffractograms show that the crystals may have been disrupted for IL concentrations above 4 wt.%. 1H NMR confirmed the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between C4MImCl and MCC, especially for MCC treated with 4 wt.% of IL. The functionalization using IL, regardless of the content, showed two DTG peaks, without altering the MCC Arrhenius’ parameters and degradation mechanisms. 4 wt.% of C4MImCl proved to be suitable for the MCC surface modification, improving thermal stability without detrimental effects on MCC morphology.

COMPARATIVE REACTIVITY OF ORGANIC MATTER DURING HYDROPYROLYSIS OF OIL SHALE EFFECT OF SEDIMENTATION CLIMATE

The thermogravimetric analysis during the hydrotreatment in dynamic regime of the organic matter for Tarfayas oil shale of the different layers and the layer M of Timahdit was the object of this study, several results obtained allowed us to describe this energetic matter of non-estimable value that it is to extract the matter or to use it as fuel. By processing the curves in TG, DTG=f(Tmax) and their surfaces we were able to show that the concentration of mineral and organic matter and the climate of the sedimentation have a great influence on the reactivity of the organic matter. The Z4 layer (Cenomanian) was the most reactive layer, the Z3 layer (Turonian) being the most concentrated in light organic matter. These two layers were the subject of in situ pyrolysis.Hydrogen also plays a very important role in the reaction, it decreases the difference of the maximum temperature of the DTG peaks, as it is the case between the Z4 layer and the M layer of Timahdit, this difference goes from 60°C (under nitrogen) to 8°C (under H2) due to its reactivity.

Effect of interactions during co-combustion of organic hazardous wastes on thermal characteristics, kinetics, and pollutant emissions

Thermal disposal of organic hazardous wastes (OHWs) in a rotary kiln is an effective method to destroy organic pollutants and reduce the volume, but the complex interactions between various OHWs may result in sharp degradation on combustion performance and the increase in gaseous pollutants emission. Herein, three typical types of OHWs (i.e., pesticide waste, dyeing waste, and organic resin waste, labeled as HW1, HW2, and HW3, respectively) were chosen and thermally co-treated, and the co-combustion characteristics, kinetics, and gas evolutions were systematically studied. A strong positive interaction between HW1 and HW2 was found between 440 and 680 °C possibly due to the catalytic effect of Fe (III) and alkali metals in HW1. The experimental DTG peaks of mixtures at 480 °C were advanced by 60 °C compared with the calculated ones, resulting from the volatiles combustion of HW2 and the catalytic effect from Fe2O3 formed during the combustion. The decrease of ignition temperature of mixtures was found helpful for stable combustion, while the decrease of burnout temperature during co-combustion of HW2 and HW3 exhibited the potential to reduce the clinker ignition loss.

Regulation of the elemental distribution in biomass by the torrefaction pretreatment using different atmospheres and its influence on the subsequent pyrolysis behaviors

In this work, four types of torrefaction atmosphere (N2, 14% O2, CO2, and NH3) were employed during torrefaction pretreatment to regular the element distribution of biomass, then the effect of torrefaction pretreatment on subsequent pyrolysis behaviors was investigated. After torrefaction pretreatment, the content of carbon increased, while the content of oxygen sharply decreased. CO2 atmosphere resulted in highest content of carbon, and NH3 atmosphere resulted in lowest content of oxygen and highest content of nitrogen. The residual mass in TG curve increased after torrefaction pretreatment, resulting in lower mass loss rate at the DTG peaks. Meanwhile, the release amounts of H2O, CH4, CO2, and CO were highly related to the element distribution in torrefied biomass. As the increase of torrefaction temperature, the contents of ketones and acids decreased, while the content of phenols increased. Compared to other three types of torrefaction atmospheres (N2, CO2, and 14%O2), NH3 atmosphere resulted in lowest content of acids because of the Maillard reactions where majority of carbonyl group in the biomass was replaced by the NH2*/NH* radicals. Thus, some nitrogen-containing components was detected after the NH3 torrefaction pretreatment because of the incorporation of nitrogen element in torrefied biomass.

Study of pyrite transformation during coal samples heated in CO2 atmosphere

Pyrite transformation in two coals heated in CO2 was investigated. It was found that the pyrite experienced two visibility DTG peaks at temperature above 840 °C in CO2. It may be due to the pyrite decomposed products further reacting with CO2 to form iron oxides, sulfur oxide and CO as temperature increased. There are two main parts during the coal-pyrite blends heated to 1300 °C in CO2, which are the main pyrolysis part and the main gasification part, respectively. It shown that the coal decomposition processes did influence the pyrite transformation behaviors. During the main pyrolysis part, two DTG peaks were significantly observed related to the devolatilization of acid-washed coal and the pyrite pyrolysis desulfurization, respectively. The pyrite in coal-pyrite blends decomposed at lower temperature than the pure pyrite. The decomposition temperature of pyrite in coal-pyrite blends are decreased as the pyrite content in blends decreased in the main pyrolysis part. The flue gas analysis shows that, H2S is the main sulfur-containing gaseous product in the main pyrolysis part, SO2 and CO are the major gas products in the main gasification part of the coal-pyrite blends. During the main gasification process, the SO2 and CO release peaks move to high temperature zone as the pyrite content decreased. The ashes from the fix-bed reactor were also analyzed. It was shown that the iron oxide (magnetite) may be formed at temperature as low as 600 °C in the coal-pyrite blends. At higher temperature (main gasification part), it suggested the pyrite in coal-pyrite blends may be transformed together with char gasification and the co-transformation temperature is different with the coal type.

Pyrolysis behaviors and product distribution of Shengli Lignite at different heating rate and final temperature by TG-FTIR and Py-GC-MS

ABSTRACT The slow pyrolysis characteristics of Shengli lignite (SL) from ambient temperature to 800°C at heating rates of 20°C/min and 100°C/min were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR) and by pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). The final temperatures had larger effect on the pyrolysis products. The pyrolysis at 800°C of 20°C/min and 100°C/min (from the Py-GC-MS) obtained a variety of aliphatic compounds and monocyclic aromatic compounds, including short-chain olefins, alcohols, and ketones. But at 400°C, almost no short-chain aliphatic compounds were obtained, and a faster heating rate (100°C/min) was beneficial for obtaining long-chain aliphatic alkanes, alcohols, and acids (n-Hexadecanoic acid and Octadecanoic acid). It provides evidence that the aliphatic chains in lignite structure were long-chain, and the short-chain aliphatic compounds were from the secondary decomposition. The bicyclic compounds, monocyclic aromatic compounds were always important products. The real-time FTIR showed obvious differences in the pyrolysis at different heating rates. In the slower pyrolysis process (20°C/min), the absorbance of CO2 was much higher than that in the other processes, but in the faster pyrolysis process (100°C/min), the diversity of the pyrolysis products was substantially improved by the -OH, C = O, -COOH, C-CH3 and aromatic C-H functional groups, so maybe more valuable gas/liquid products could be produced at larger heating rate. The products at some specific temperatures (from the DTG peaks) were also provided for the reaction analysis.

Microwave Hydrothermal Carbonization of Rice Straw: Optimization of Process Parameters and Upgrading of Chemical, Fuel, Structural and Thermal Properties.

The process parameters of microwave-induced hydrothermal carbonization (MIHTC) play an important role on the hydrothermal chars (hydrochar) yield. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, particle size and biomass to water ratio was optimized for hydrochar yield by modeling using the central composite design (CCD). Further, the rice straw and hydrochar at optimum conditions have been characterized for energy, chemical, structural and thermal properties. The optimum condition for hydrochar synthesis was found to be at a 180 °C reaction temperature, a 20 min reaction time, a 1:15 weight per volume (w/v) biomass to water ratio and a 3 mm particle size, yielding 57.9% of hydrochar. The higher heating value (HHV), carbon content and fixed carbon values increased from 12.3 MJ/kg, 37.19% and 14.37% for rice straw to 17.6 MJ/kg, 48.8% and 35.4% for hydrochar. The porosity, crystallinity and thermal stability of the hydrochar were improved remarkably compared to rice straw after MIHTC. Two characteristic peaks from XRD were observed at 2θ of 15° and 26°, whereas DTG peaks were observed at 50–150 °C and 300–350 °C for both the materials. Based on the results, it can be suggested that the hydrochar could be potentially used for adsorption, carbon sequestration, energy and agriculture applications.

Trace analyses of flame-retardant in pyrolysis of XPS foams and its revelation for flame-retardant optimization

The objective of this work is to study the detailed effects of flame-retardant on the pyrolysis behaviors of XPS foams. Thermogravimetric experiments are conducted in air atmosphere for flame-retardant and three XPS foams at different heating rates. The results show that the DTG peak of flame-retardant is higher at much lower temperatures than that of the flame-retardant foams and non-retardant one. It surprisingly suggests that the DTG peak of B2-retardant XPS foam is higher than that of B1-retardant one although more flame-retardant has been added into B1-retardant sample during manufacturing. The detailed DTG curves in local temperature ranges (260–360 °C) explain the non-monotonic effects of flame-retardant mass fraction on the pyrolysis behaviors of XPS foams. It is also reminded that the DTG peaks information is not always enough in analyzing the pyrolysis of flame-retardant materials in research and development. Detailed DTG curves in specific temperature ranges might reveal some more important technical and even philosophical principles. Finally, a proper difference between the temperatures for DTG peaks of flame-retardant and the polymers can be one of the key parameters in searching for new flame-retardants for various polymers.

Solvothermal Liquefaction of Corn Stalk: Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-oil and Biochar

This study investigated the conversion of corn stalk to bio-oil by solvothermal liquefaction using ethanol as a solvent. Effect of reaction temperature, time and solvent to biomass ratio on the yield and the properties of bio-oil and biochar was studied. Analysis of corn stalk and bio-oil were done to determine the surface functional groups, existing bonds and molecular structure of specified compounds. Investigations were done to identify different compounds in bio-oil, the thermal stability, and weight loss kinetics of biochar. Study shows that percentage yield of bio-oil increases with increase in temperature and time, up to a specific level, and then starts declining. Further, the heating value, carbon content, and fixed carbon content of both bio-oil and biochar increased to 30.52, 22.8 MJ/kg, and 66.42 and 61.25%, 26.10 and 27.97% respectively from those (19.55 MJ/kg, 51.12 and 6.36%) of the corn stalk. This study suggests that the bio-oil contained mostly phenolic compounds and its derivatives. Two major DTG peaks were observed at 380 and 620 °C indicating the improvement in thermal stability of the biochar after solvolysis liquefaction process. Investigation results can be very useful in optimizing process parameters for solvothermal liquefaction.

Fabrication of newly developed pectin –GeO2 nanocomposite using extreme biomimetics route and its antibacterial activities

ABSTRACTThe combination of pectins and germanium dioxide may generate novel materials with excellent and unique properties combining the advantages of macromolecules, derived from renewable resources and metal oxide nanoparticles. Pectin–GeO2 nanocomposite was prepared by hydrothermal method at room temperature. Structural morphology and chemical interactions between GeO2 and pectin were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Equipped with Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), AC impedance spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrophotometer (SEM-EDS) Thermo gravimetric analysis (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). According to the TEM observation, the average composite granules size was about 70 nm and the embedded GeO2 nanoparticles were uniform with an average diameter of 20 nm. The pectin-germanium dioxide degradation was observed in one single DSC endoderm peak at 100°C (Area swept 276.4 mJ and enthalpy change 48.1 J/g) and three DTG peaks in the temperature range between 165 and 570°C. All the results suggest the pectin–GeO2 nanocomposite as a promising candidate for biomedical and environmental applications.

Thermogravimetric research into fish and plant semifinished products made of raw and blanched tissues of Azov goby and wheat bran

According to results of thermogravimetric and differentia-thermal studies, we compared characteristics of the amount of adsorption– and capillary-bound moisture in the experimental samples of fish and plant semifinished products, as well as determined the values of activation energy of the molecules of water at different temperatures of moisture removal. By the results of analysis of the DTG peaks, it is established that the largest amount of osmotic– and adsorption-bound moisture is observed in samples made on the base of raw fish raw materials due to the higher degree of hydration of protein molecules in minces. It is found that the application of hydrothermal pre-treatment of muscle, connective and skeletal tissue complex of Azov goby leads to the reduction in the amount of adsorption-bound moisture and decreses the energy of its bond with the product. The use of wheat bran somewhat increases the amount of bound moisture in the fish mince structure as a result of increase in the number of available hydroxyl groups and the formation of macroporous structure, which causes the increase in its hydrofilicity. It is established experimentally that the influence of plant raw materials on the increase in activation energy of the molecules of water for the experimental fish and plant semifinished products is less significant than the use of native fish raw material. The obtained results allow better understanding of the structural changes that occur in the process of drying the fish and plant semifinished products. They might be applied to optimize the drying processs of fish and plant semifinished products and to predict their technological behavior in various food systems, as well as while storing.

Pseudo-component thermal decomposition kinetics of tomato peels via isoconversional methods

The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of tomato peel residues under nitrogen atmosphere was studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis in the heating rate range 2–40°C/min. Due to the complexity of the kinetic mechanism, which implies simultaneous multi-component decomposition reactions, an analytical approach involving the deconvolution of the overlapping decomposition steps from the overall differential thermogravimetric curves (DTG) and the subsequent application of model-free kinetic methods to the separated peaks was employed. Two freely available Matlab functions, which adopt a non-linear optimization algorithm to decompose a complex overlapping-peak signal into its component parts, were used. Different statistical functions (i.e., Gaussian, Voigt, Pearson, Lorentzian, equal-width Gaussian and equal-width Lorentzian) were tested for deconvolution and the best fits were obtained by using suitable combinations of Gaussian and Lorentzian functions. For the kinetic analysis of the deconvoluted DTG peaks, the Friedman's isoconversional method was adopted, which does not involve any mathematical approximation. The reliability of the derived kinetic parameters was proved by successfully reproducing two non-isothermal conversion curves, which were recorded at a heating rate of 60°C/min and 80°C/min and not included in data set used for the kinetic analysis. Seven pseudo-components were identified as a result of the deconvolution procedure and satisfactorily associated with the main constituents of the investigated tomato peels.

Thermosetting composites prepared using husk of pine nuts from Araucaria angustifolia

The high consumption of pine nuts as food leads to high amounts of husk dispensed as waste. The incorporation of the husk from pine nut into composites appears as a strategic route to explore the commercialization of the Araucaria angustifolia. The present study aims to prepare and characterize thermosetting composites of urea and phenol formaldehyde and husk of pine nuts. For this, husk particles, paraffin emulsion, ammonium sulfate, and resins, were mixed with a high‐shear mixer and then cured by flat‐pressing at 4 MPa, 120°C, for 5 min. SEM and optical images revealed good homogenization between resin and husk. DTG and DSC results showed chemical affinity between filler and matrix—tracked by shifts in the DTG peaks of the husk. The UF composites showed higher wettability and water absorption; therefore higher thickness swelling. The UF and PF composites with 30% of resin provided the greatest repellency to water, and the highest mechanical properties. It was possible to prepare composites of UF and PF resins loaded with 70% and 80% of husk from pine nuts. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:476–483, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

Kinetic Study of the Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate Using the Non-isothermal TG/DSC Technique

The non-isothermal TG/DSC technique has been used to study the kinetic triplet of the thermal decomposition of potassium chlorate at different heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 °C·min−1). The DSC results showed two consecutive broad exothermic peaks after melting. The first peak contains a shoulder indicating the presence of at least two processes. The overlapped peaks were resolved by a peak fitting procedure, and the three resolved peaks were used for evaluation of the kinetic triplet for each step. The TG results also showed two consecutive mass losses after melting. The kinetics of the mass loss processes were studied using resolved DTG peaks. The activation energies were calculated using the KAS model-free method. The pre-exponential factor and the best kinetic model for each step were determined by means of the compensation effect, and the selected models were confirmed by the nonlinear model fitting method. The average activation energies obtained from the DSC results were 237.3, 293.8, and 231.3 kJ·mol−1 for the three consecutive steps of thermal decomposition of KClO3. The activation energies were 231.0 and 239.9 kJ·mol−1 for the first and second mass loss steps. The Avrami-Erofeev of Ax/y with the function of g(α) = [−ln(1−α)]x/y (x/y = 5/4 and 3/2) was the most probable model for describing the reaction steps.

Quantitative measurement of Brönsted acidity by TPD of ammonia on H3[PMo12O40] and its Cs1 salt, in bulk and supported on SBA-15

The method for acidity measurement through temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia was adapted for simultaneous TG/DTG–DTA analysis of the H3[PMo12O40] and its Cs acid salts, in bulk and supported on SBA-15 support. The desorption of NH3 consists of the NH3 and H2O release in steps as a result of temperature increase. The last step corresponds to expelling of NH3 by decomposition of species strong bonded like the ammonium cation, simultaneously with constitutive water, within the 300–600 °C range. The MS analysis showed that the oxidation of ammonia to N2O and NO during desorption had occurred simultaneously with reduction of Mo6+. The reoxidation of samples with air in all cases was done finally. In order to separate the water release (water formed by condensation of hydroxyl groups belonging to SBA-15) from the ammonia desorption for supported samples, a TPD of H2O was done for every sample. In the case of pure compounds, the mass loss corresponding to the last stage of desorption (after correction with the mass loss as a result of reduction, equal with the mass increase owing to the reoxidation) gives the amounts of NH3 and constitutive water, which correspond stoichiometrically with the Bronsted acidity. The subtraction of mass loss for TPD of water from the corrected mass loss for TPD of ammonia and water (because of the mass loss as a result of the reduction) gives the amount of NH3 corresponding stoichiometrically with the Bronsted acidity. The acidic strength was estimated on the basis of the temperatures for the DTG peaks.

Thermal decomposition of three kinds of sludge by TG–MS and PY–GC/MS

The larger volatiles content of industrial sludge compared with sewage sludge would improve the economic benefit of pyrolysis treating process. Two kinds of industrial sludge discharged by waste metalworking liquid treatment plant were used to compare with sewage sludge for their thermal decomposition characteristics by using TG–MS and Py–GC/MS methods. The results show that the abundant amount of waste base oil in waste metalworking liquids caused the DTG peaks of BS and PCS around 330 and 440 °C. The formation of calcium stearate coating layer has caused the increasing content of Aliphatics group in BS pyrolysate from 300 to 500 °C, accompany with two delayed CO2 releasing peaks. In another hand, the presence of plant debris in SS has caused the persistently Aliphatics group content decreasing of SS. It can be concluded that different wastewater characteristics and treating methods have caused several distinctions among the thermal decompositions of three samples. The high content of Aliphatics and hydrocarbons in BS and PCS pyrolysate indicated that pyrolyzing this kind of industrial sludge could obtain high valuable bio-oil and adsorbent char.

Thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis of montmorillonite treated with 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone

Neat organic dye 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone (DAAQ) was investigated by TG, DTG, and DTA in air and under nitrogen up to 900 °C. Total mass loss was 79.1 and 38.3 % in air and under nitrogen, respectively. The residues in both heating cells were dark black, suggesting that they were charcoals which required temperatures higher than 900 °C for oxidation or pyrolysis. Complexes of montmorillonite (MONT) with this organic dye were investigated by TG, DTG, and DTA in air and under nitrogen up to 900 °C. Aqueous solubility of DAAQ is very low (0.33 mg/1 l) and consequently the loading of the clay by the dye is very small (5–24 mmol DAAQ/100 g clay). Five saturated dye solutions were prepared for the synthesis of five complexes, (i) in distilled water and (ii–v) in 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 molar HCl. The DTA and DTG peaks of the thermal reactions of the organoclay complexes (oxidation in air and pyrolysis under nitrogen) were very weak and many were not detectable. On the other hand, inflections were detected in the TG curves and were considered as upper and lower borders of mass-loss steps. Conclusions on reaction steps which are responsible for mass loss were based on previous knowledge of the thermal reactions of organoclays. Six mass-loss steps were identified in air and seven steps under nitrogen. Mass-loss steps in air were attributed to evolution of interlayer water, H-bonded water, dehydroxylation of MONT, and to three steps of oxidation of intercalated DAAQ. Under nitrogen, steps were attributed to evolution of interlayer water, H-bonded water, dehydroxylation of MONT, and four steps of pyrolysis of DAAQ.

Size-dependent decomposition temperature of nanoparticles: A theoretical and experimental study

Thermal decomposition of nanomaterials is often involved in the preparation and applications of nanomaterials, of which decomposition temperature can be surprisingly different from corresponding bulk materials. However, there is a lack of theoretical and experimental investigation on the relationship between the decomposition temperature and nanoparticle size. In present study, the relation between the decomposition temperature and the size of nanoparticles was derived theoretically, which indicates that the decomposition temperature decreases with the size of the nanoparticles decreasing, and there is a linear relationship between the decomposition temperature and the reciprocal of the particle size when the radius is bigger than 10nm. Thermal decomposition experiments of nano-calcium carbonate with different sizes were carried out by thermo-gravimetric (TG), the onset decomposition temperatures (Tonset) and the temperature of the DTG peaks (Tmax) were measured and both of them present well liner relationship with the reciprocal of the particle size. The depress regularity of the onset decomposition temperature of nano-calcium carbonate agrees with the derived thermodynamic relationship. This thermodynamic theory provides a quantitative description for the decomposition temperature of nanoparticles, also it can be used to predict and explain the thermal decomposition behavior of nanomaterials.

Thermal behavior of cashew gum by simultaneous TG/DTG/DSC-FT-IR and EDXRF

Cashew gum, an exudate polysaccharide from Anacardium occidentale L., was purified by alcohol precipitation. Thermal behavior of this polysaccharide was investigated by simultaneous TG/DTG/DSC-FT-IR analysis performed under nitrogen and air atmospheres and heating rate of 10 K min−1. TG/DTG curves under oxidative atmosphere were similar to the curves under N2 atmosphere until 340 °C, however, it was observed a profile difference due to the presence of two DTG peaks at 430 and 460 °C. DSC results showed endothermic and exothermic events corroborating with TG/DTG curves. The Simultaneous TG/DSC-FTIR analysis revealed that evolved gases from the decomposition of cashew gum sample were CO2, CO, and groups: O–H, C–H, C=O, C–C, and C–O, in nitrogen and air atmospheres. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis from the ash showed that the elements in larger amounts are CaO, MgO, and K2O.