Drying Oil Research Articles

Frosting and Gas-Checking of Conjugated Drying Oils

Frosting and Gas-Checking of Conjugated Drying Oils

Drying oil course set for August 7–11

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' SocietyVolume 27, Issue 2 p. 20-20 New Drying oil course set for August 7–11 First published: 01 February 1950 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02634885AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume27, Issue2February 1950Pages 20-20 RelatedInformation

Reactions of Resins with Drying Oils

Reactions of Resins with Drying Oils

Polymerization of Drying Oils

Polymerization of Drying Oils

Segregation of fatty acids by preferential neutralization

SummaryIt has been shown that soybean fatty acids neutralized with a mixture of 40% of sodium hydroxide and 60% of barium hydroxide (on equivalent basis) form about 35% soluble soaps, which after separating from the insoluble soaps and splitting with sulfuric acid, form fatty acids of about 165 iodine number. From these acids a synthetic drying oil was prepared by esterification with glycerol which formed films almost as good as those of linseed oil.It was also shown that the same process applied to fish oil fatty acids, but using in this case 60% of sodium hydroxide and 40% of barium hydroxide, resulted in a yield of about 50% of fatty acids of about 283 iodine number, which when esterified with glycerol gave a very fast drying synthetic drying oil forming tack‐free films.

Refining and fractionating soybean oil with furfural

~IE r ]-~l p oductmn of ful ly refined soya oil fractions 1 _ from crude degummed oil by means of liquidliquid fractionation has been accomplished using fu r fu ra l as the selective polar solvent. I t has been known for some time (1, 2) that glyceride oils may be fract ionated on the basis of unsaturat ion within the glyeeride molecule by means of part ial ly miscible, selective, polar soh, cnts. More recently a process has been developed employing these principles for not only fract ionat ing soya oil into a drying oil but also for prepar ing a ful ly refined raffinate for food oil purposes. Fraet ionat ing and refining of soya oil by means of liquid-liquid techniques with fu r fu ra l is dependent upon the fact that the oil is not completely miscible with the solvent at normal temperatures. Therefore, when crude or degummcd soya oil is contacted with fur fura] below the temperature of miscibility two fractions are obtained. The raffinatc or oil predominant phase has concentrated in it the more saturated glycerides and the break constituents with the more unsatura ted glycerides, free f a t ty acids, chlorophyll, other pigments, and unsaponifiable constituents concentrat ing in tile fu r fu ra l predominant extract phase. Although it is impossible to obtain effective separations in a single batch extraction, very remarkable fractionations have been obtained by employing continuous countercurrcnt e x t r a c t i o n with the use of

Mechanism of the Oxidation of Drying Oils

Mechanism of the Oxidation of Drying Oils

Thermal Polymerization of Esters of Drying Oil Acids

Thermal Polymerization of Esters of Drying Oil Acids

Lsomerization Reactions of Drying Oils

lsomerization Reactions of Drying Oils

Synthetic Drying Oils

Synthetic Drying Oils

African drying oils. I. The seed oil of tetracarpidum conophorum

AbstractThe seed fat of Tetracarpidium conophorum is a drying oil (iodine value 200–205) the component acids of which are linolenic 64–68, linoleic 10–12, oleic 10–11, and saturated acids 10–12% (wt.). The high content of linolenic acid (which exceeds that (50–55%) in linseed oil) and the correspondingly high proportion (about 75%) of glycerides containing either two or three linolenic groups point to this oil as superior in drying properties to linseed oil. It forms a clear, hard film on exposure to air. The Tetracarpidium shrub is of fairly rapid growth and is already cultivated for native edible purposes in Southern Nigeria and adjacent regions; its development as a technical source of oil‐seed appears feasible. Since, however, the seed tissues are exceptionally rich in lipase, formation of free fatty acid proceeds rapidly in the dried kernels, and it will be essential to destroy the enzymes by heating the kernels at 100° before they are stored for export to this country or elsewhere for oil extraction.

Tung oil—A gift of china

In 1937 the annual maximum of 175 million pounds of this valuable drying oil was imported from China into the United States, and by 1946 constantly increasing domestic production of the oil rose to a little more than 15 million pounds that year.

Drying oils

Oil and SoapVolume 23, Issue 11 p. 365-367 Abstract Drying oils First published: 01 November 1946 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02641667AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume23, Issue11November 1946Pages 365-367 RelatedInformation

Drying oils

Oil and SoapVolume 23, Issue 10 p. 334-336 Abstract Drying oils First published: 01 October 1946 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02637425AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume23, Issue10October 1946Pages 334-336 RelatedInformation

Drying oils

Oil and SoapVolume 23, Issue 7 p. 238-239 Abstract Drying oils Howard M. Teeter, Howard M. TeeterSearch for more papers by this author Howard M. Teeter, Howard M. TeeterSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 July 1946 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02545655AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume23, Issue7July 1946Pages 238-239 RelatedInformation

The protective action of lead compounds

AbstractIt has been shown that distilled water may be rendered non‐corrosive by contact with lend powder, litharge and red lead, whilst under the same conditions little or no inhibition was obtained from lead peroxide, lead sulphate, lead chromate, basic lead sulphate, basic lead carbonate, iron oxide and titanium oxide. The inhibition was associated with the passage of lead into solution. Atmospheric carbon dioxide removed the lead from solution by precipitating it as basic lead car be unto. In certain cases, therefore, protection broke down, and the results were not very reproducible. Paints have been prepared from the majority of the pigments mentioned above, by grinding them in a drying oil, and it had been found that so long as the lead pigment was sufficiently basic to form lend soaps it yielded a paint film which was capable of making water non‐corrosive. It was concluded, that inhibition was brought about the soluble lead compounds produced by the hydrolysis of lead soaps, and this was confirmed an examination of the behaviour of a commercial sample of lead linoleate, Tins inhibition was obtained even in the presence of small quantities of electrolytes and atmospheric carbon dioxide. It would seem that the ideal vehicle should contain sufficient acid to ensure adequate soap formation, and should yield a film of maximum water resistance, in order that the soluble inhibitive ingredients may be retained as long as possible. The possible ways in which such a vehicle could be developed are discussed in the paper. The mechanism by which the products of hydrolysis of lead linoleate cause inhibition has been examined, and it is concluded that the soluble lead compounds are adsorbed on the bare metal, and act as anodic adsorption inhibitors. The nature of the adsorbed substance has not been clearly established. The paper contains suggestions for future work.

Oxidative Breakdown of Rubber

Abstract Scope of Survey.—The autoöxidation of vegetable and animal drying oils causes solidification, hardening, and toughening of the original olefinic material, whereas absorption of oxygen by natural rubber normally causes softening, with loss of strength and elasticity. Various synthetic rubbers appear to take an intermediate position between drying oils and natural rubber, but with none of the rubbers does autoöxidation represent a simple phenomenon, leading uniformly to softening as opposed to toughening. The peroxidation process which forms the basis of autoöxidation leads in general to two opposite effects, viz., to oxidative chain-scission (degradation) and to molecule-linking (polymerization or oxygen-vulcanization), and it seems logical to associate the former with the softening of olefinic materials and the latter with their toughening or oxygen-vulcanization. What, however, is far from clear is the cause of onset under given conditions of softening on the one hand or oxygen-vulcanization on the other, and the precise nature of the molecular changes which underlie the two phenomena. At present even qualitative information concerning the intricate course of autoöxidative reactions among olefinic substances is far from abundant, and the necessary kinetic evidence which must both set the final seal of credibility on those chemical explanations which careful experimentation indicates to be sound, and in difficult cases discriminate between alternative possible explanations, is only beginning to become available. The most useful contribution, therefore, which can be made at the moment is to clarify in terms of organic structure and reactions the basic issues involved, and to show how far existing chemical information provides certain or possible explanations of the broad lines of autoöxidative molecular breakdown (and its converse) as it is encountered among rubbers.

Thermal Polymerization of Drying Oils

A statistical analysis of the thermal polymerization of drying oils has been made, and equations have been derived which predict the amount of a specific polymer present as a function of the extent of reaction and the original composition of the oil. Several samples of oils have been heat bodied to test the validity of this analysis. Certain discrepancies are apparent. The presence of an intrapolymer is postulated to explain these discrepancies. Indirect evidence for the presence of such a compound is presented. Additional studies of the heat polymerization of drying oils have been made by conducting the polymerization in dilute solution. After the reaction has been carried out, the solvent is removed and the properties of the oils compared with oils similarly treated without solvent. It has been found that iodine values of the oils are substantially the same regardless of the concentration of oil, and depend only on the time and temperature of heating, but that the viscosity decreases with lower concentration of the oils. This behavior substantiates the formation of an intrapolymer. By using the values at various concentrations it may be possible to estimate the extent of intrapolymer formation in heat bodied oils.

Drying oils

Oil and SoapVolume 23, Issue 4 p. 134-135 Abstract Drying oils First published: 01 April 1946 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02571841AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume23, Issue4April 1946Pages 134-135 RelatedInformation

The use of low‐temperature crystallisation in the determination of component acids of liquid fats. II. Fats which contain linolenic as well as linoleic and oleic acids

AbstractThe mixed fatty acids are first separated into sovorul groups by crystallisation from appropriate solvents at low temperatures. In each group the proportions of linolenic, linoleic, oleiu and saturated acids are determined spectrographically after isomerisation with alkali,1 Palmitic acid and other saturated acids may be determined by fractional distillation of the completely hydrogenated methyl eaters of the total mixed fatty acids, or from direct ester‐fractionation of the methyl esters of each group of the mixed acids obtained by low temperature crystallization. The accuracy of the determination depends largely on the degree to which, by low temperature crystallisations, the mixed fatty acids are resolved into (i) portions rich in olcic and/or saturated acids (with only minor amounts of linoleic and linolenic acid) and (ii) portions rich in linoleic and/or linolenic acid (with relatively small proportions of oleic and saturated acids). The procedure is illustrated by determination of the component acids of linseed oil, of wheat germ oil, and of two specimens of rubber seed oil.The propects of rubber seed oil as a drying oil for the paint industry are briefly discussed.