Dry Weight Of Tomato Research Articles

Study on the Suitable Irrigation Amount of Microporous Membrane Water-Fertilizer Integration of Tomato in Spring in Plastic Greenhouse

Water-saving irrigation is an important measure to alleviate the shortage of water resources in China. In this study, the growth, nutrient distribution, quality and yield of Tomato under different irrigation treatments are studied by using microporous membrane water-fertilizer integrated technology and the optimal irrigation water quantity under the condition of microporous membrane water-fertilizer integration was determined. The results show that the stem diameter and the fresh and dry weight of tomato increased under the treatment of microporous membrane irrigation, among which the irrigation of 84 m3.667 m-2 was the best, comparing with the traditional flooding irrigation. Microporous membrane irrigation promotes the accumulation of N, P and K in tomato plants. The organic acid content of tomato fruit was the highest under the treatment of 108 m3.667 m-2 and the lycopene content is the highest under the treatment of 96 m3.667 m-2. However, soluble protein, soluble solids, VC content and sugar acid ratio are the highest under the treatment of 84 m3.667 m-2 and the yield and water use efficiency of tomato are the highest under this treatment. Generally, the optimal irrigation amount of tomato under the condition of microporous membrane water-fertilizer integration is 84 m3.667 m-2. The experiment clarifies the crop water demand characteristics and provides a certain theoretical basis for the application of water-saving irrigation technology and high-yield cultivation.

English

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been implicated to enhance seed germination and plant growth, improve photosynthetic quantum efficiency and act as antimicrobial agents to manage plant diseases. The role of nanoparticles in the improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses such as drought and salinity remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of AgNP dose on the salt tolerance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants during germination. Tomato seeds were treated with different AgNP doses and germinated under salinity stress. Five concentrations of AgNPs (0.05, 0.5, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mg L) and two levels of NaCl (150 and 100 mM) were tested. Seed germination and seedling growth of tomato plants were markedly inhibited by salt stress, and this effect was alleviated by exposure to AgNPs. The germination percentage, germination rate, root length and seedling fresh and dry weight of tomato were improved after exposure to AgNPs under NaCl stress. The expression of salt stress genes was investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Of the examined salt stress genes, four genes, AREB, MAPK2, P5CS and CRK1, were up-regulated by AgNPs under salt stress, and three genes, TAS14, DDF2 and ZFHD1, were down-regulated in response to AgNPs. The gene expression patterns associated with AgNP exposure also suggest the potential involvement of AgNPs in response to stress, indicating that they might be useful for improving plant tolerance to salinity. © 2016 Friends Science Publishers

Effects of poultry litter biochar on soil enzyme activities and tomato, pepper and lettuce plants growth

Biochar application to soils is being considered as a means to sequester carbon (C) while concurrently improving soil functions. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine the effects of biochar from the pyrolysis poultry litter (PL) on the soil enzyme activities, organic matter content and growth of tomato, pepper and lettuce plants. In the experiment, the combination of 15.15.15 composite fertilizer with 0, 200, 400 and 600kg/da doses of PL biochar were applied into the clay loam soil. Compared to the control and chemical fertilizer alone, the soil organic matter was significantly increased after biochar amendments. β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, urease and arylsulphatase enzyme activities in soils were increased by the biochar applications significantly (P<0.05). Plant fresh and dry weight of tomato, pepper and lettuce plants were higher in 4kg/ha PL biochar treatment than in the other treatments. The results showed that PL biochar amendment to soils in the agricultural use increased yield of plants and enzyme activities with increasing soil organic matter content as well as improving soil properties.

The effect of carbon nanotubes on the seed germination and seedling growth of four vegetable species

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can change the morphological and physiological characteristics of plant cells. Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to study the effect of CNTs on the germination and seedling growth of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv. ‘Falcato’), onion (Allium cepa L. cv. ‘Yellow Sweet Spanish’), turnip (Brassica rapa L. cv. ‘Toria’) and radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. ‘Small radish’). Seeds were germinated in four concentrations of CNTs (0, 10, 20 and 40 mg L-1) in Petri dishes under laboratory conditions. The same concentrations were used in a greenhouse to study the response of seedling growth to CNTs. To evaluate the effect of CNTs on germination and growth, germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), seedling length, seedling fresh and dry weight and mean germination time (MGT) were measured. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm the presence of CNTs. CNTs at 10–40 mg L-1 improved tomato and onion germination more than for radish and turnip, the highest GP in tomato and onion being 8 and 95%, respectively. In radish, the control showed the highest GP (96%) under laboratory conditions. CNTs at 40 mg L-1 had a deleterious and toxic effect on onion and radish seed germination. In the greenhouse experiment, the fresh weight of radish seedlings decreased as the CNT concentration increased. The dry weight of tomato and radish shoots increased following the application of all concentrations (10–40 mg L-1) of CNTs. CNTs did not alter turnip germination and growth. SEM revealed that the effectiveness of CNTs may depend on the plant species and on the distribution of CNTs on the testa and root surface. CNTs thus provide a viable and important new technique to improve seed germination and selective seedling growth-related characteristics, although the benefit-toxic balance needs to be tested for other horticultural crops and other (higher) concentrations of CNTs.

Herbicide Effects on Parasitism of Tomato by Hemp Broomrape

Thirteen soil-incorporated herbicides, mainly of the dinitroaniline and carbamate groups, were evaluated in the greenhouse for selective control of hemp broomrape (Orobanche ramosaL.) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘Rutgers’). Hemp broomrape readily parasitized tomato roots and competed vigorously with the host. Shoots of the parasite emerged within 6 weeks after inoculation. Herbicides at 0.1 to 10.0 ppmw, with one exception, significantly reduced shoot dry weight of tomato measured at 10 weeks after treatment, in comparison with untreated, noninoculated controls. Generally, the degree of inhibition of establishment of the parasite was correlated with herbicidal injury to tomato. None of the treatments prevented the establishment of the parasite without causing severe crop injury. However,N-n-propyl-N-tetrahydrofurfuryl-4-trifluoromethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline (CGA-14397, ER-9063) at 3.3 and 6.6 ppmw exhibited some degree of selectivity as indicated by relative shoot dry weights of the host and parasite. Activated charcoal applied as a root dip on tomato or in soil admixtures prior to transplanting had no effect on parasitism and growth of hemp broomrape.