Dry Syrup Research Articles

A comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste, clindamycin, and linezolid as an intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study

ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of three medicaments, triple antibiotic paste (TAP), clindamycin (CLID), and linezolid (LZ) against Enterococcus faecalis, using spectrophotometry. Methods: Seventy-two single-rooted human premolars were collected and prepared using standard protocol and were decoronated to obtain standardized lengths. A pure culture of E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) was procured, grown on blood agar, obtained using a wired loop, and suspended in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth for 24 h. After contaminating the canals with E. faecalis, the prepared samples were divided into three groups, with 24 teeth each, based on the intracanal medicament used, Group A: TAP (ciplox×500 mg, metrogyl 400 mg, minoz 100 mg) + normal saline (NS), Group B: CLID (capsule clid 150) + NS, Group C: LZ (Lizoforce, dry syrup) + NS. The medicaments were syringed into the roots and which were then incubated. After 24 h, 12 samples per group were thoroughly rinsed for removal of intracanal medicaments (ICMs), and instrumented using #4 GG drill to obtain dentinal shavings, which were allowed to fall into sterile BHI broth. The turbidity of the broth was assessed and the optical density (OD) was recorded using spectrophotometer to estimate the concentration of E. faecalis after 1 day. After a period of 7 days, the remaining 12 samples per group underwent identical processing. Results: At the end of day 1, all three antibiotics presented comparable values of OD indicating comparable antimicrobial efficacy. Group-wise comparison revealed that TAP continued to be superior to the other two antibiotics even at the end of 7 days. However, the difference was significant only between TAP and LZ with no significant difference between TAP and CLID and between CLID and LZ. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the use of single-antibiotic CLID and LZ may serve as an effective alternative to the multidrug combination TAP, as an ICM.

Edukasi Penggunaan dan Resistensi Antibiotik Dry Sirup Secara Swamedikasi pada Wali Siswa MI Ar Roudhoh Patrang

Antibiotics are one of the drugs that have a role to protect and restore health from infectious diseases (Anief, 2010). Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by microorganisms that have the ability to inhibit the growth and even kill other microorganisms. At this time the community still uses a lot of antibiotics, especially dry syrup preparations. Dry syrup is a dry syrup preparation and needs the addition of water and needs to be cornered when you want to use it. Improper use of dry syrup can cause the drug to not function optimally. Non-optimal use of antibiotic preparations can cause harm, one of which is the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a condition where bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are unable to be killed by antibiotics. This resistance occurs when bacteria become resistant to antibiotics that were initially effective for treating infections caused by these bacteria. Therefore, this activity aims to educate the public about the use of antibiotics to minimize unwanted effects. The implementation method used is counseling sharing knowledge about dry syrup preparations containing antibiotics. Counseling includes the efficacy of anti-biotics, how to use, side effects, how to store properly. The target audience is the guardian of MI Ar Roudhoh Jember students.

Ethanol Extract Dry Syrup Granulation Formulation Dayak Onion Bulb (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.)

Background: Dayak onion (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) is one kind of medicinal plant native to East Kalimantan that has antioxidant activity. The dosage form that can be developed is dry syrup granules which become one of the most simple dosage forms in preparation, easy to use, storage-stable and can cover the bitter taste of the drug. The goal of this study was to find the best mix of Avicel PH 101 and Na CMC to make dry syrup granules that meet the requirements for physical properties. Methods: Research was carried out experimentally using three formulas with combinations of Avicel PH 101 and Na-CMC. The ratios of Avicel PH 101 and Na-CMC were (1:0); (0.5:0.5) and (0:1). The evaluation of dry syrup granules included organoleptic observations, a moisture content test, a flowability test, a reconstitution time test, pH test, viscosity test and a hygroscopic test. Result: dry syrup granules with variation 1:0 of Avicel PH 101 and Na-CMC have the best requirements for physical properties, i.e. moisture content of 2.47%, the flow time of 0.91 seconds, an angle of repose 25.19 ° and tap index of 10.67%. Conclusion: Dry syrup granules with a ratio of Avicel PH 101 and Na CMC (1:0) are preparations that best meet the physical properties requirements, namely moisture content of 2.47%, flow time of 0.91 seconds, angle of repose 25, 19° and a fixing index of 10.67%.

Quality Control Analysis of Dry Syrup Products in the Filling and Cramping Process using the DMAIC Method in Pharmaceutical Companies

The main factor that companies, especially pharmaceutical companies, must consider is producing quality products to compete. During the production process of Dry Syrup for pharmaceutical companies, several quality defects were found, such as Alcap loss, alcap torn, alcap scratched, alcap broken 1 ring, alcap broken2 rings, bottles without alcap, alcap dented, and underweight with the acquisition of a defect percentage exceeding the maximum company tolerance limit of 5% in the last six months, from October 2022to March 2023. This research is focused on the problem of Alcap Loss and Underweight defect types because they are thedominant defects among all defect types. The DMAIC method is used to solve and reduce product quality defect problems. The proposed improvements given are making a standardized range for setting screw knives with points on how to set screw knives and adding filling weight inspection intervals with filling weight monitoring sheets. The results of the application of improvements using the DMAIC method and the application of proposed improvements reduce product defects by 40% and increase the sigma value from 3.40 to a value of 3.84.

Validasi Metode dan Penetapan Kadar Sirup Kering Cefadroxil dengan Metode FTIR-ATR

Cefadroxil is a broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic belonging to the first group of cephalosporins produced by the fungus Cephalosporium acremonium. This study aims to validate the method and determine the concentration of cefadroxil dry syrup using FTIR-ATR. The method used is FTIR-ATR with aquabides as a solvent. Parameter Validation of the analysis method carried out includes linearity, accuracy, precision, Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ). The results of the linearity test show a value of r = 0.999 which indicates linear. The accuracy obtained is 97 - 105.5%. Precision with an Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) value of 0.54%, LOD of 469.72 µg/mL and LOQ of 1423.6 µg/mL. The results of determining the levels of cefadroxil dry syrup with three samples, namely sample A 100.2%; sample B 100.5%; sample C 100.1%. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the FTIR-ATR method is valid and the sample concentration complies with the provisions of the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia Edition VI, namely the concentration of cefadroxil in dry syrup preparations is not less than 90% and not more than 120%.

A randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate safety and pharmacokinetics of ART-001 with a novel oral pediatric formulation in healthy subjects.

ART-001 is an orally available selective PI3Kα inhibitor currently being developed for the treatment of slow-flow vascular malformations (SFVMs). ART-001 used to be developed for advanced solid tumors, but was suspended largely due to significant pharmacokinetic (PK) variability in its phase I studies. This phase I, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study evaluated safety, tolerability and PK of ART-001 with a newly developed dry syrup formulation, which was designed to optimize PK properties of ART-001 and to be compliant with the pediatric population. Single and multiple doses of ART-001 were administered to healthy male adults. ART-001 was rapidly absorbed after the single and repeated doses, and the exposure of ART-001 increased with increased dose. The dry syrup formulation substantially improved the intersubject PK variability. Food decreased area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration by 12% and 36%, respectively. The plasma concentration had reached a steady-state on day 5 of the repeated doses of 100 mg and AUC accumulation ratio was 1.9. There were no deaths or serious adverse events. The most frequent adverse event was hyperglycemia. All cases of hyperglycemia were mild to moderate and transient, and required no medical interventions. Serum creatinine increase was observed in 300 mg once daily dosing group leading to dose discontinuation on day 5. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the single doses and repeated doses of the ART-001 dry syrup formulation, at up to 400 and 100 mg, respectively, were safe and tolerated with favorable PK profile, supporting further clinical development for the treatment of SFVMs.

Formulation and Evaluation of Ornidazole Oral Re-Constitutable Suspension

Large numbers of drugs are available in the market in form of dry syrup, where reconstitution has to be done by patient. Ornidazole is an antibiotic used to treat some protozoan infections. It has also been investigated for use in Crohn's disease after bowel resection. In the present investigation the drug Ornidazole was selected for the design of oral reconstitutable suspension for improving its stability and palatability by using various techniques like physical mixing, solvent evaporation and co-grinding method with different suspending agents like Xanthan gum, SCMC, Guar gum and sodium alginate. The reconstitutable suspensions were evaluated for flow properties, particle size, pH, viscosity, sedimentation volume, redispersibility and drug release by in-vitro dissolution studies. Formulated OFS reconstitutable suspension has acceptable sedimentation properties. The drug excipients interactions and crystal morphology of optimized reconstitutable suspension were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning Calorimetry (DSC), analysis. The results indicated that the release of the Ornidazole was rapid from all formulations than the pure drug. The drug release from the suspensions followed first order kinetics. From the results it is concluded that effective taste masking of Ornidazole was achieved using SCMC and successfully evaluated in reconstitutable suspension.

Positive correlation between voriconazole trough concentrations and C-reactive protein levels in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: A retrospective cohort study

BackgroundVoriconazole (VRCZ) is the first-line treatment for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). VRCZ trough concentration monitoring is recommended for adequate therapy because VRCZ concentrations vary widely. However, factors associated with variations in VRCZ concentrations, especially in the same patient at different time points, have not been identified. The objective of this study was to identify factors influencing VRCZ trough concentrations. Patients and methodsThis single-center retrospective study conducted at our institute between April 2014 and August 2016 included patients with CPA who received VRCZ. Patient trough concentrations were measured more than twice while the patients received the same dose using the same administration route (defined as one series). A step-wise method and multiple regression analysis were used to test the effects of patient characteristics on VRCZ trough concentrations. ResultsSixty-nine series in 49 patients were analyzed. VRCZ was administered orally in 59 series, intravenously in 7 series, and by dry syrup in 3 series. The median VRCZ trough concentration and the median variation in VRCZ concentrations were 1.68 and 0.99 μg/ml, respectively. In the simple regression analysis, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, C-reactive protein (CRP), and creatinine clearance significantly correlated with VRCZ concentrations. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between CRP and VRCZ concentration (P < 0.0001). ConclusionIn patients with CPA, VRCZ concentration correlated with CRP levels in the same patients receiving the same dose of VRCZ at different time points.

Dry Syrup: A Comprehensive Review

The oral dosage forms are most popular because of their ease of administration, patient compliance, and formulation stability. Tablets and capsules, the most popular oral dosage form, have the drawback of difficulty swallowing the dosage form specially developed for pediatric and geriatric patients. In recent times the, modern scientific and technological advancement in pharmaceutical field has created a bank of interest in the reconstitutable oral suspension (Dry syrup). Dry syrups are the dry mixtures that require adding water at the dispensing time. Dry syrups show adequate chemical stability of drug during shelf life and reduce the final product's weight. Moreover, dry syrups show higher bioavailability than tablets and capsules as they disintegrate in water outside the oral cavity and directly enter the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the drugs prepared as dry powders for oral suspensions are antibiotics. The present review gives an account of the excipients used, methods of preparation of dry syrup, their evaluation, and their packaging. When manufacturing dry syrup medicine, the dry mixture should have a uniform concentration of the required ingredients. This ensures that the drug does not break up into a non-homogeneous mixture when reconstituted, which may lead to errors in dosage. The items used in the manufacturing of dry syrup include excipients, granule disintegrating, granule binder and powder blends. Excipients are used to stabilize active ingredients for a long period. The type of excipient used is based on the suitability for reconstitution and the type of the powder the granule disintegrate helps ensure the dry syrup particles do not aggregate during reconstitution. The granule binder helps ensure that the dry syrup's particles settle in the suspension.

Review on process validation of Amoxicillin Potassium Clavulanate Dry Syrup

Modern medicines for human use are required to comply with specific standards and regulation set forth by the concerned authorities. A simple and sensitive UV spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Potassium Clavulanate (PC) and Amoxicillin. As complementary of this work, an assay method for amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate mixtures was developed and validated; stress-testing and stability studies of amox/clav mixtures was carried out under specified conditions according to ICH and analyzed by using validated stability-indicating assay and related substances methods. Aim of this study was to test the validation of derivative spectrophotometric method in simultaneous determination the content amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium in dry syrup by derivative spectrophotometric method with zero crossing technique, in buffer phosphate pH 4,4-methanol (91:9) mixture.&#x0D; &#x0D;

A Comprehensive Review on Amoxicilin and Clavulanic Acid as Potential Antibacterial Agent

Suspensions comprise finely divided medication particles (the suspensoid) spread uniformly in a vehicle with or without stabilisers and other ingredients. Conventional oral suspension is ready-to-use and does not require reconstitution. Dry syrup is more bioavailable than tablets and capsules because it dissolves in water outside the mouth and enters the GI tract. GIT absorbs suspension quickly: Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid have been used since the 1970s. Despite having the same half-life as amoxicillin, clavulanic acid is protein-bound and heat unstable. It causes gastrointestinal side effects, including Clostridium difficile infection, and restricts amoxicillin oral combination doses. Due to clavulanic acid's b-lactamase tendency, the first amoxicillineclavulanic acid ratio was 4:1; currently it's 2:1, 7:1, 14:1, and 16:1. Few ratio comparisons exist. Amoxicillineclavulanic acid is often used as empiric therapy for WHO's Priority Infectious Syndromes in adults and children, resulting in large consumption. Some of these syndromes may be handled with a delayed antibiotic prescription approach or amoxicillin alone.

ORAL RECONSTITUTABLE HERBAL DRY SYRUP: FORMULATION, DEVELOPMENT AND ASSESSMENT

The ease of administration, patient comfort, and formulation stability are all advantages of the oral dose form. Tablets and capsules are the most popular oral dosage forms nevertheless, one notable disadvantage of these solid dosage form is the trouble in ingesting them, especially when a supplement is designated for children or the elderly. The disease TB(Mycobacteriae) had antibiotics and one of those is levofloxacin that is used in the cure this Mycobacteria. Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that develop Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) in our body. So, in order to modify this treatment of MDR, herbal drugs are implemented in the drug for better working of the antibiotic. Herbal medications, whether extract or decoction, will not induce drug resistance when administered against any infection. Hence an effective ad appropriate drug therapy as an anti – tuberculosis drug needs to be discovered which will solve the problem of cross resistance and drug resistanceThe goal of this research was to build and create an oral Reconstitutable Herbal Dry Syrup that can be readily dispersed in a potable water medium before usage and is chemically and microbiologically stable throughout consumption. This herbal drug is anti-infective, anti-hepatotoxic and anti-inflammatory, cholagogue etc.There was no discernible difference in particle size, fluidity, pH, or drug content after 15 days of testing. After employing Reconstitutable water with levofloxacin herbal dry syrup, the stability was effectively evaluated.

Role of Faropenem in Treatment of Pediatric Infections: The Current State of Knowledge.

Carbapenems play an important role in the management of bacterial infections. Meropenem, imipenem, ertapenem, and faropenem are carbapenems with the broadest antibacterial spectrum and strong antibacterial activity. Faropenem is a novel oral carbapenem with an advantage over other parenteral carbapenems in the series. Like other β-lactam antibiotics, faropenem inhibits cell wall synthesis by inhibiting penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Faropenem is stable against β-lactamase and has a low propensity for bacterial resistance. Faropenem has demonstrated excellent in-vitro and clinical activity in adult infections with a broad spectrum of activity. Faropenem also has a favorable safety profile. These activities of the faropenem created the interest of researchers in exploring its use in the treatment of pediatric infections. After promising outcomes in-vitro and clinical evaluation in children, faropenem is now approved in some parts of the world for the treatment of pediatric infections. Faropenem oral dry syrup is available for the treatment of a wide range of pediatric infections, including upper respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, dermatological infections, and bacterial periodontal infections in children. The current recommended clinical dose in pediatric patients is 15 mg/kg/ day, divided into three doses. The availability of faropenem dry syrup has expanded the current therapeutic options for treating pediatric infections.In this review, we have put light on the in-vitro and clinical studies of faropenem dry syrup in pediatric patients, along with its molecular and pharmacological basics.

Prevalence of pharmacist knowledge on beyond-use date (BUD) of various non-sterile compounding drugs in Indonesia.

Objective:In extemporaneous compounding, drugs’ stability is indicated by beyond-use date (BUD), which is different from the expiration date determined by manufacturers, hence, pharmacists are required to provide proper BUD information to patients. A recent study showed that BUD knowledge in the North Jakarta community is low, therefore, this study aims to examine the prevalence of Indonesian pharmacists’ BUD knowledge regarding various non-sterile dosage forms.Methods:This cross-sectional study involved Indonesian pharmacists’ knowledge of serving extemporaneous prescriptions. Recruitment was carried out through the purposive and snow-balling sampling method, while data were obtained by filling out a validated authors’ designed questionnaire, with total 34 questions, and collected in September 2021 and then analyzed using the chi-square test.Results:Among the 221 total respondents, 93.7% had BUD knowledge, while 12.7% responded that BUD and expiration date are similar. Regarding BUD for crushed tablets, dry syrup without preservatives, and ointment without moisture, there were 13.1%, 82.8%, and 29.4% responded rightly, respectively. Furthermore, there was no correlation between BUD knowledge and respondents’ characteristics, including health-care workplace and location, as well as gender, and age with p>0.05.Conclusion:Based on the results, the Indonesian pharmacists were considered to have inadequate BUD knowledge, specifically on crushed tablets and ointment, and this might affect drugs’ safety.

Comparison of Inconvenience Costs Between Influenza Antivirals for Japanese Pediatric Patients: A Conjoint Analysis of Parental Responses.

IntroductionCertain drug characteristics, including dosage and form, are associated with either convenience or inconvenience for the patients taking them, and any inconvenience can be considered as a “cost” in disease treatment. Multiple antivirals are available for influenza in Japan, with various dosages and forms. This study evaluated the inconvenience costs associated with influenza antivirals for pediatric patients by using conjoint analysis on responses from their parents.MethodsAn online survey (May 2021) was conducted for parents whose child took antivirals for influenza at 6–11 years during the 3 years until March 2021. Attributes of the conjoint analysis were administration routes and formulation (tablet, capsule, dry syrup, or inhalant), duration of administration, frequency of administration per day, and out-of-pocket expenses. We assumed the efficacy and safety to be equivalent among the antivirals. A logistic regression model was applied to the analysis. We also asked parents about their recent experiences with antiviral treatment for their child.ResultsWe collected responses from 3161 eligible individuals. The mean age (standard deviation) of the children when taking the antivirals and percentage of female children were 8.27 (1.63) years old and 53.2%, respectively. The tablet was the most preferred formulation; the inconvenience costs for each administration route and formulation, relative to the tablet as zero, were Japanese yen (JPY) 515 (US dollar 4.61, as of October 2021) for the inhalant, JPY 775 for the capsule, and JPY 804 for the dry syrup. The inconvenience costs for 5 days relative to 1 day and for twice a day relative to once a day were JPY 2150 and JPY 399, respectively.ConclusionBased on the conjoint analysis, a single-dose tablet antiviral was suggested to have the lowest inconvenience cost for pediatric patients.Trial RegistrationUMIN000044243.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-022-02062-z.

Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Dry Syrup in Rodents

Introduction: Ayurvedic medications are extensively used across the world for illness prevention and treatment. The active ingredients of Coroprotect dry syrup are Jethimadh ext, Ajma ext., Tulsi ext., Pipper ext., Sunth ext., Kalamari ext., Vasa ext., Taj ext., Lavang ext., Nagarvel ext., Haridra ext., Kakamachi ext., Pushkarmool ext., and Phudina ful, etc. Because there is no scientific proof that this formulation is safe, a comprehensive toxicity study in wistar rats was conducted. Objective: In Rodents, acute and subacute toxicity of coroprotect dry syrup was studied after a single and repeated 28-day oral dosage Administration. Method: Six Wistar female rats were given a single dose of coroprotect dry syrup at 2000 mg/kg by oral gavage, while doses of 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg/day were given over the course of 28 days in a repeated-dose subacute toxicity study. Results: In an acute toxicity investigation involving coroprotect dry syrup administration, no therapies fatalities or toxic symptoms were found. In the repeated dosage study, there were no substantial differences in body weight fluctuations, food/water ingestion, hematology, or clinical biochemistry content among the control as well as coroprotect dry syrup groups. There were no gross pathological abnormalities or variations in relative organ weights between the control and coroprotect dry syrup groups. Histopathological investigation revealed no abnormalities after therapy with coroprotect dry syrup. Conclusion: In a repeated dosage toxicity study in rodents, the coroprotect dry syrup was determined to be safe at all dose levels.

Analysis of Quality Control to Reduce Defective Products for Dry Syrup Using Six-Sigma Method in PT XYZ

Quality control is an activity to ensure the level of quality of any product in accordance with the specifications that have been set. PT XYZ is a manufacture industry engaged in pharmaceuticals, where companies are required to produce high quality products, because it is used for medicinal purposes. Defective products produced was as much as 6.01% exceeded the requirements of the company of 3.0%. This study used the six sigma method: define, measure, analyze, improve, control. Through this method, it can be determined that sigma value is amounted to 3.06 with 60.264.13 DPMO. At the analyze stage, the causative factors of damage were successfully obtained, including humans, materials, methods, and machines, where human factor became an important factor in this study. Defective products can be produced due to workers experiencing carelessness due to work fatigue. The method used to measure work fatigue were descriptive observational and chi square collation tests to determine the relationship to the factors causing fatigue. The results showed that there is a relationship of age and work period factors with work fatigue. Moreover, the results of this study are able to provide sigma value recommendations as well as improvement measures to reduce defective products during the production process.

Design and Development of Oral Reconstituable System of Dry Syrup Containing Ciprofloxacin

Design and Development of Oral Reconstituable System of Dry Syrup Containing Ciprofloxacin

Evaluation of the Palatability of Dry Syrups and the Bitterness Intensities of Dry Syrups Mixed with Various Beverages

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the palatability of dry syrups for pediatric use by human gustatory sensation testing and the artificial taste sensor. The bitterness intensities of dry syrups mixed with various beverages were also evaluated using the taste sensor. Twenty dry-syrup formulations of antibacterial and anti-allergic drugs containing bitter active ingredients, frequently used in pediatric medicine in Japan, were selected for testing. The main factors influencing palatability were determined by factor analysis of data from human gustatory sensation testing using the semantic differential method. It was shown that the bitterness intensity of dry syrups in water could be predicted by the artificial taste sensor. The influence of different beverages (orange juice, milk or cocoa) mixed with the dry syrups was evaluated using the artificial taste sensor. Taste and texture were found to be the principal factors influencing the palatability of dry syrups. While the bitterness intensities of some dry syrups were increased by mixing with orange juice, the bitterness intensities of most dry syrups were decreased by mixing with milk or cocoa. This suggests that one or more constituents of milk or cocoa may reduce the bitterness intensities of dry syrups.

Study of the More Suitable Drugs and Dosage Forms for Administration to Newborn Infants via Feeding Tube Using the Collection Rate as an Indicator.

The dosages of drugs in newborn infants are small. Small dose necessitate consideration of the loss of drug when administered via feeding tube. In this study, we conducted a tube administration test for seven kinds of antiepileptic drugs and two kinds of potassium supplements using a neonatal feeding tube and investigated the drug loss using the collection rate. We also studied the differences in collection rates among different dosage forms and drugs to determine the more suitable dosage forms and drugs. We investigated three dosage forms: powder, fine granules or dry syrup (powdery form) drugs, powdery form drugs that have been pulverized (pulverized powdery forms), and pulverized tablets. Additionally, we investigated two potassium supplements to determine which was more suitable: potassium L-aspartate and potassium gluconate. For topiramate, only the powdery form caused tube obstructions; the collection rates of the pulverized powdery form and pulverized tablets were > 90%. All antiepileptic drugs other than topiramate that were tested had collection rates of about > 90%. Considering stability and pharmacokinetics, the more suitable dosage form for topiramate is pulverized tablets, whereas the more suitable dosage form for other antiepileptic drugs is powdery form. Collection rate of potassium gluconate was higher than that of potassium L-aspartate. The current study, which indicates that potassium gluconate powdery form is the more suitable drug, presents the more suitable dosage form and drug for administration via feeding tube to newborn infants. These results show that it is essential to evaluate passage through the tube using the collection rate.