Dry Skin Care Research Articles

Atopic Dermatitis in Children.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is extremely common in the pediatric population, and most children with AD will first present to their primary care provider (PCP). The PCP can recognize AD by its clinical features, including itch, a chronic relapsing course, and the characteristic eruption. The cornerstone of AD therapy is dry skin care, typically a short daily bath/shower followed by an emollient applied to all skin. Most children with AD will also require topical medications, such as topical corticosteroids and/or topical nonsteroidal therapies. For children with more severe disease, systemic agents, including several novel therapies, may be required. In managing AD, the clinician must monitor for side effects of medications as well as complications of the AD itself, the most common of which is secondary infection. An understanding of the pathogenesis, treatments, and complications of AD is essential for the PCP, as untreated (or undertreated) AD has a significant impact on the quality of life of affected children and their caregivers. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(4):e121-e128.].

Knowledge Level of Dry Skin Care in The Elderly at The Koto Tangah Regional Health Center

Introduction. The occurrence of dry skin in the elderly requires good and extra skin care. The incidence and severity of dry skin increases with age. Dry skin conditions in the elderly can cause discomfort and can even cause disease, such as atopic dermatitis which is a disease caused by inflammation of the skin. This research aims to determine the level of knowledge of dry skin care in the elderly at the Koto Tangah Health Center in the city of Padang. Methods. This research was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was selected by technique consecutive sampling and this research requires a minimum of 100 samples. Results. The knowledge level of dry skin care of the respondents is mostly in the medium category (62%), the age of the majority of respondents was in the age category of 60-70 years (65%), the sex of the majority of respondents was male (53%), most respondents had primary school education (56%), worked as laborer (26%), and live with their families (83%). Conclusion. The level of knowledge of nursing for most of the elderly dry skin is in the medium category.

Kelayakan Masker Tradisional Biji Pepaya Dan Ketan Hitam Untuk Perawatan Kulit Wajah Kering

Skin problems, especially on the face, are things that are considered to reduce appearance and have to spend a lot of money even though treating the face with natural ingredients is safer because it does not contain a mixture of chemicals. The natural ingredients in question are: Papaya seeds contain papain enzymes that can prevent wrinkles, shrink pores and moisturize the skin. Black sticky rice in addition to being a food ingredient can also be beneficial for skin beauty which can slow down premature aging, because it contains high antioxidants and anthocyanins, vitamin E and high fiber. This study aims to find out how the physical properties of papaya and black glutinous rice seed masks include color, aroma, texture, and preferences of panelists. This research is an experimental research with the object of research on papaya seed masks and black sticky rice. This type of research is quantitative using experimental methods.The data collection method used observation and testing of panelists' preferences for color, aroma, texture, adhesion of 2 makeup and beauty lecturers, 10 female students within the scope of UNP. The results showed that there was an influence of the use of papaya seed masks and black glutinous rice on dry skin care and had gray color criteria from mixing papaya seed powder and black glutinous rice, fragrant and delicious aroma, very smooth texture, moist, good elasticity felt tight and chewy.

26290 Skin care & emPowerment for All: Wellness for women experiencing homelessness

Dermatologic conditions are highly prevalent among people experiencing homelessness due to overcrowded shelters, frequent malnutrition, and lack of accessible hygienic facilities. Complications of infection, infestation, and environmental exposures can be severe. Recognizing an unmet need, we developed the Skin care & emPowerment for All (SPA) initiative, a student-faculty collaborative to provide dermatologic support to women experiencing homelessness. This initiative takes place at a women’s only drop-in-space that Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program (BHCHP) provides weekly. The program was designed based on input from patients at BHCHP. Eight SPA sessions were conducted by medical students for 100 women between August 2017 and February 2018. In each session, a skin health educational workshop was paired with a relaxing dermatologic treatment. Educational topics focused on photoprotection, dry skin care, and foot hygiene. Original educational brochures were distributed during sessions. Anonymous pre- and postsession questionnaires were administered. Self-reported mean stress levels decreased significantly from 7.78 ± 2.47 to 5.77 ± 3.09 (P = .001) and self-reported mean confidence levels increased significantly from 5.84 ± 2.49 to 7.17 ± 2.38 (P = .013). Moreover, 88% of women (44/50) described at least one thing that they learned about maintaining healthy skin. Our novel program was successful in promoting psychological and dermatologic well-being among women experiencing homelessness. We have sustained these efforts in the belief that our program is helping foster participants’ trust in health care providers and encouraging medical students’ interest in serving vulnerable populations. We are eager to share our model so that it could be replicated in other communities.

Corneometric evaluation of skin moisture after application of 10% and 30% gluconolactone.

Dry skin, caused by improper care or genetic conditions, can affect people of all ages. Skin hydration is determined its lipid content, which inhibits water loss from the epidermis, as well as other substances such as polyhydroxy acids and gluconolactone that can bind water. The aim of this study was to evaluate skin hydration after the application of 10% and 30% gluconolactone solution in a split face model. Sixteen healthy women were qualified for the study. Three split face treatments were performed, with 10% and 30% gluconolactone solution applied to two sides of the face. Skin moisture was measured before each treatment and a week after the last treatment at three measurement sites on either side of the face, that is, on the forehead, around the eye and on the cheek. Corneometric measurements showed a significant increase in facial skin hydration after gluconolactone treatment. No significant differences were observed between the application of 10% and 30% solution. Gluconolactone is a moisturizing substance which works well in dry skin care.

Features of skin care for feet in patients with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy: the role of dexpanthenol

The feet have an increased load, they are often injured, especially with diabetes. Because of the violation of innervation, patients do not notice minor injuries: abrasions, bruises, cracks, cuts. Because of the circulatory disorders associated with diabetes, the protective function of tissues decreases, and the smallest injury can lead to the formation of a long-term wound that does not heal, which turns into an ulcer when infected. Despite advances in the study of the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications, diabetic foot ulcers are difficult to treat, can recur, and lead to amputations of the lower limbs. The main reason for pathological dryness of the foot skin in diabetes is dysfunction of the sweat glands of the skin of feet due to diabetic neuropathy. Regular skin care with specially selected products can help restore and improve the barrier function of the skin, as well as increase the moisture level of the stratum corneum. Adequate skin hydration reduces itching and the risk of infection if the skin is damaged. In most patients with diabetes, conventional cosmetics slowly eliminate dry skin of the feet. In addition, traditional remedies contain a large amount of oils and can cause unpleasant sensations, which often causes rejection of their use. In patients with DM, it is desirable to use drugs that quickly and effectively eliminate dryness and cracks. Treatment of dry skin is indicated as a prevention of diabetic foot syndrome. Taking into account the fact that the skin of patients with diabetes mellitus has a low level of humidity, we recommend daily care using moisturizing or nourishing creams or lotions. Some studies have confirmed that the use of external dry skin care products containing dexpanthenol improves the protective function of the skin, increasing the hydration of the stratum corneum.

Natural Moisturizer Based Formulation of Green Grass Jelly (Cyclea Barbata Miers) with Aloe Vera Addition

Moisturizer is one of cosmetics used for dry skin care and can make skin become moist and soft. Natural material can be used to maintain water content in the skin and soften skin is Aloe vera. Aloe vera contains minerals, vitamins A, C, E and B12. In addition to Aloe vera to maintain antioxidants in the skin is green grass jelly because it has flavonoid content. Content contained in Aloe vera and green grass jelly can be used for making natural moisturizers because at this time many moisturizers that contain harmful chemicals. This observation was to analyze differences in concentration of Aloe vera and green grass jelly on moisturizers and analyze antioxidant activity of green grass jelly. Method used in making this moisturizer is mixing with green grass jelly formulation (2.5%; 5%; 7.5%) + Aloe vera (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%), and non-sample formulation treatment. Analysis of this experimental data was qualitative on moisturizers and quantitatively to calculate levels of flavonoids in green grass jelly. Results of this study indicate that difference in concentration of Aloe vera + green grass jelly greatly affects parameters of good moisturizer used, and greater addition of green grass jelly concentration greater flavonoid content in moisturizer.

DISORDERS OF SKIN MICROBIOTA AND FORMATION OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN

The review presents the special significance of changes in the intestinal and skin microbiota in the formation of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children. AD is considered as a form of allergic pathology directly related to the state and quality of the microbiota of a growing organism. The microbiota of the skin of patients with AD is characterized by a small species diversity of bacteria; a decrease in the number of actinomycetes and proteobacteria; increased colonization of various types of staphylococci (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, etc). The relationship between the rate of development of AD and violations of the microbiota of the skin in children is shown. The necessity of maintaining high biodiversity of the microbiota of a growing organism as a strategy for optimizing the microecology of children through the use of adaptive probiotics in a healthy microenvironment is substantiated. The restoration of the barrier function of the skin and the normalization of the composition and quality of the intestinal microbiota are determined as the most important task of the general concept of the treatment of AD, where new dermatological cosmetics and proper skin care play an important role. The possibilities of normalizing the microbiome of the affected skin areas to restore the skin barrier with the help of dry skin care cosmetics are shown.

Alp Rose stem cells, olive oil squalene and a natural alkyl polyglucoside emulsifier: Are they appropriate ingredients of skin moisturizers - in vivo efficacy on normal and sodium lauryl sulfate - irritated skin?.

Since skin moisturization may be achieved by both actives and chosen carrier, plant stem cells, squalene and natural alkyl polyglucoside emulsifier may be potential components of contemporary cosmetic products. The aim of the study was in vivo evaluation of the skin irritation potential and the efficacy of Alpine Rose stem cells incorporated into li-posomes and olive oil squalene as ingredients of moisturizing creams, with respect to the novel emulsifier used for creams’ stabilization. With the employment of noninvasive skin biophysical measurements, skin hydration (EC), transepi-dermal water loss (TEWL), erythema index (EI) and viscoelas-ticity were measured on 76 healthy volunteers. In the first phase, skin irritation after a 24-hour occlusion and the long-term efficacy of creams (a 21-day study) on healthy skin were evaluated. Phase II of the study focused on the cream efficacy assessment after a 6-day treatment of sodium lauryl sulfate-irritated skin. After a 24-hour occlusion, there were no significant changes in the EI for any tested sample. In the second phase of the study, the EI was not significantly altered for the cream containing squalene, while the application of all active samples resulted in a significant reduction of TEWL. In both phases of the study an EC increase was recorded, espe-cially for the squalene-containing cream. Due to the lack of skin irritation and skin barrier impairment along with the marked hydration effect, it could be said that the in-vestigated actives incorporated into alkyl polyglucoside emulsi-fier-stabilized creams may be safely applied as ingredients for "tailor-made" cosmetic moisturizers intended for normal and dry skin care, whereas olive oil squalene could be used for the treatment of irritated or sensitive skin as well. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR34031]

Morphological-functional considerations of neonatals’ and early children’s skin care

Skin of children, especially neonates and infants, shows profound anatomic and functional differences compared to an adult's skin. Skin's immaturity and lack of fully developed natural protective qualities, results in its immense fragility, tenderness and irritability. Due to these factors, it is crucial to use procedures considering the morphological and functional state of the skin in nursing. Based on data analysis from medical literature, up-to-date recommendations for skin, hair and nail care have been presented, for both infants and early children. Special attention has been given to navel, ‘diaper’ area and dry skin care.

Three-Arm Randomized Phase III Trial: Quality Aloe and Placebo Cream Versus Powder as Skin Treatment During Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy

BackgroundThe efficacy of aloe extract in reducing radiation-induced skin injury is controversial. The purpose of the present 3-arm randomized trial was to test the efficacy of quality-tested aloe extract in reducing the severity of radiation-induced skin injury and, secondarily, to examine the effect of a moist cream versus a dry powder skin care regimen. Materials and MethodsA total of 248 patients with breast cancer were randomized to powder, aloe cream, or placebo cream. Acute skin toxicity was scored weekly and after treatment at weeks 1, 2, and 4 using a modified 10-point Catterall scale. The patients scored their symptom severity using a 6-point Likert scale and kept an acute phase diary. ResultsThe aloe formulation did not reduce acute skin toxicity or symptom severity. Patients with a greater body mass index were more likely to develop acute skin toxicity. A similar pattern of increased skin reaction toxicity occurred with both study creams compared with the dry powder regimen. ConclusionNo evidence was found to support prophylactic application of quality aloe extract or cream to improve the symptoms or reduce the skin reaction severity. Our results support a dry skin care regimen of powder during radiation therapy.

Efficacy and Economics of Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease that frequently affects infants and children. The worldwide prevalence of atopic dermatitis is estimated to be 5-20% of the pediatric population. Studies have shown that atopic dermatitis is associated with considerable economic costs and decreased quality of life. There is no proven curative therapy at present for atopic dermatitis; first-line therapy has generally consisted of dry skin care, avoidance of triggers, application of topical corticosteroids, and administration of histamine H1 receptor antagonists (antihistamines) and oral antibacterials as appropriate. Topical corticosteroids, while effective in many patients, carry the concern of local and systemic adverse effects. As a result, physicians and patients are reluctant to utilize stronger topical corticosteroids in certain areas of the body and for prolonged periods of time. The purpose of this article is to review the efficacy and economics of topical calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. This new class of agents (specifically tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream) represents an exciting advance in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Clinical data show that topical calcineurin inhibitors are effective and do not cause the adverse effects associated with topical corticosteroids. Several studies have provided evidence that topical calcineurin inhibitors positively affect the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. Compared with branded topical corticosteroids and previous standards of care, topical calcineurin inhibitors appear to be a cost-effective treatment option. Drawing comparisons between tacrolimus and pimecrolimus is difficult because definitive head-to-head comparative studies involving these drugs have not been conducted.

The Economics of Topical Immunomodulators for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is a common, chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease frequently affecting infants and children. The worldwide prevalence of atopic dermatitis is estimated to be 5--20% of the paediatric population. First-line therapy has generally consisted of dry skin care, avoidance of triggers, application of topical corticosteroids, and administration of antihistamines and oral antibacterials. Topical corticosteroids improve the lesions of atopic dermatitis; however, concern on the part of physicians and patients regarding adverse effects has led to reluctance to utilise topical corticosteroids early and especially for prolonged periods. Topical immunomodulators (TIMs), including tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream, were recently introduced for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Clinical data show that TIMs are effective in atopic dermatitis, yet do not cause the significant adverse effects associated with topical corticosteroids. Questions remain regarding the place of TIMs as a treatment for atopic dermatitis and how to use them most effectively, from both therapeutic and pharmacoeconomic standpoints. Specifically, two major issues remain unresolved: (i) how TIMs measure up to other therapies, especially topical corticosteroids; and (ii) how members of the TIM drug class compare against each other. Previous research has established that atopic dermatitis has a significant impact on quality of life (QOL) and carries a substantial economic burden. Some studies have also measured the utility of various atopic dermatitis disease states. While there is a need for further research, early economic studies provide evidence that TIMs positively affect the QOL of patients and families. In certain patients, TIMs may be cost effective and have an acceptable incremental cost utility compared with topical corticosteroids.Making cost-effectiveness comparisons between tacrolimus and pimecrolimus is challenging because there are limited head-to-head comparative data. Given currently available efficacy data, the results of one study suggest that tacrolimus may be more cost effective than pimecrolimus in paediatric patients with moderate atopic dermatitis. The full economic and QOL benefits of both agents are yet to be completely understood. The studies reviewed herein are the first to delineate the pharmacoeconomic benefits of TIMs in atopic dermatitis, and lay the foundation for future analyses. TIMs represent an exciting advance in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Additional research will help determine the proper place of TIMs among the current array of therapeutic options for atopic dermatitis.

Ichthyosis in a nutshell.

1. Tor Shwayder, MD* 1. 2. *Director, Pediatric Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital and Children’s Hospital of Michigan; Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Characterize the presentation of ichthyosis vulgaris. 2. Describe the presentation of recessive x-linked ichthyosis and the syndrome with which it is associated. 3. Describe the presentation and etiology of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. 4. Identify and describe the two major autosomal recessive primary ichthyoses and their etiologies. 5. the primary technique for dry skin care. The ichthyoses are a heterogeneous group of diseases that share one presentation: scaly skin. Not too long ago, all patients who exhibited this characteristic were lumped into one group. In reality, there are differences ranging from localized to generalized scaling; spiny to flat scales; tiny to huge and plate-like scales; and blistering or redness beneath the scale. Careful observation, histopathology, genetics, and biochemistry allow ichthyoses to be categorized into several classes. The term “ichthyosis” comes from the Greek, meaning fish. To understand the ichthyoses, one must be familiar with the internal to external progression of normal skin. Ichthyoses represent abnormalities in the formation and desquamation of the keratinocytes, the most common epidermal cell. The epidermis is arranged in four layers: basal cell, squamous cell (or spiny), granular, and horny. As keratinocytes progress from the basal layer to the horny layer, different keratin proteins are manufactured. Keratins form a structural framework inside the cell that holds the shape similarly to steel girders inside a blimp. As skin tissue matures and moves outward, the keratin proteins are manufactured in a predictable sequence, but mutations can lead to keratins that have different size, shape, and assembly defects, which can affect the size and shape of the cell. At the basal layer, keratin types 5 and 14 are expressed, and as the cell moves up, keratins 1 and 10 are expressed in the spinous and granular layers. Depending on where the genetic error in keratin coding …

Nursing innovation for dry skin care of the feet in the elderly: a demonstration project.

Abstract Dry skin of the feet, a complaint of the elderly, can be effectively combated with a simple nursing procedure using foot soaks and topical mineral oil application. Thirty-one residents in Nebraska nursing homes were evaluated before and after a two-week program of foot soaks and mineral oil applications. All participants had significant improvement of dry skin of the feet with secondary softening of nails and callouses.

Skin Care of Newborns

The recent concern related to bathing newborns with hexachlorophene has led to a redefinition of appropriate skin care for newly born infants in hospital nurseries. Skin manipulations are performed (1) for prevention of infection and (2) for aesthetic and cleansing purposes. The skin is a protective organ and any break in its integrity affords an opportunity for initiation of infection. In addition, it is clear that protection against invading pathogenic organisms is afforded by skin secretions or contents and the normal skin biota. Therefore, skin care should involve cleansing with a non-toxic, non-abrasive neutral material. Consideration of skin care of the newborn is further complicated by the fact that the infant does not have protective skin flora at birth, has at least one and possibly two open surgical wounds, the umbilicus and circumcision site, and is exposed to fomites and personnel that harbor a variety of infectious agents. Risks and benefits of each skin-care technique in the newly born must be weighed. Is the agent used absorbed and toxic directly or indirectly? What is the effect of the technique on the skin itself? Does the agent predispose to a biota change that is detrimental to the infant? The currently available data suggest that perhaps the best method for managing infant skin is to minimize manipulation. The recommended technique is referred to as dry skin care. "Dry technique" is recommended for the following reasons: (1) it subjects the infant to less heat loss by exposure; (2) it diminishes skin trauma; (3) it requires less time, and (4) it does not expose the infant to agents with known or unknown side effects.

The significance of blood cultures in the newborn period.

Septicema during the newborn period often occurs with deceptively benign early clinical manifestations. 1 Consequently, the clinician is forced to initiate vigorous antibiotic treatment on suspicion and thus depend upon a single pretreatment culture of the blood for a positive bacteriological diagnosis. It is important, therefore, to examine the validity of information gained from single cultures of the blood in newborn infants. As septicemia during the neonatal period is still a significant pediatric problem, it seemed important to investigate the interpretation of blood cultures at this age. Clinical Material and Methods Consecutive normal infants born over a three-month period at Ancker General Hospital, St. Paul, were studied. The infants had no physical abnormalities, no evidence of skin lesions or infection, and no temperature elevation. Dry skin care was practiced during this period of time. All blood for the cultures was drawn by one of us. Skin over the neck was