Dry Milled Grain Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (EFB) COMPOST AND N, P, K FERTILIZERS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF LOWLAND RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

The use of chemical fertilizers can cause environmental problems. A compost of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is one alternative to reducing chemical fertilizers used for rice (Oryza sativa L.). This research to determine the effect and obtain the best dose of OPEFB compost and N, P, K fertilizers in lowland rice Batang Piaman Variety was conducted in Padang Mutung Village, Kampar, for six months using a factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was three levels of OPEFB (0 t.ha-1, five t.ha-1, ten t.ha-1), and the second factor was four levels of fertilizer N, P and K (0-0-0 kg.ha-1, 125-75-25 kg.ha-1, 150-100-50 kg.ha-1, and 175-125-75 kg.ha-1 of Urea-TSP-KCl). The ANOVA results showed that the combination of various doses of EFB compost and N, P, and K fertilizers did not significantly affect plant height, the number of tillers, the number of productive tillers, heading days, the weight of 1,000 grains, and the harvest index. The combination of giving EFB compost at a dose of 10 t.ha-1 and Urea fertilizer 175 kg.ha-1 TSP 125 kg.ha-1increased the percentage of pithy grain to 93.91%, and the weight of dry milled grain is 2,023.3 g.4m-2.

Assessing the productive potential of high-yielding rice varieties on acid sulfate soils in the tidal swampland of Central Kalimantan

Abstract Tidal swampland holds significant agricultural potential including cultivating rice. Farmers in these regions typically cultivate local rice varieties. Breeding rice techniques have led to the development of superior rice well-suited to thrive in tidal swamplands. This research was conducted on acid sulfate soil within a tidal swampland located in Terusan Karya Village, Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan, during the 2021 dry season. The study employed a completely randomized block design with two replications. The experimental treatments comprised nine high-yielding rice varieties: Inpari IR Nutri Zinc, Cakrabuana Agritan, Inpari 3, Inpari 32, Inpari 42, Inpari 47, Inpara 2, Inpara 8, and Inpara 10. The parameters were observed, including plant height, panicle number per hill, panicle length, and grain yield. The high-yielding varieties of rice planted in acid sulfate tidal swamplands exhibit varying growth and yield performances. Grain yields of rice ranged from 5.45 to 7.30 t ha−1 of dry-milled grain. The highest grain yield was shown by Inpari 3 (7.30 t ha−1) and Inpari 32 (7.04 t ha−1). High heritability values are indicated by the traits of dry harvest and milled grains, while wide variability is shown by characters such as plant height, panicle length, grain dry harvest, and dry milled.

Morphological and Agronomical Characters Identification of Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.) Backcross1 (BC1F1) Pandan Ungu/Kambang//Pandan Ungu

The research was conducted to know percentation of the pertitization and morphological and agronomic character of paddy (Oryza Sativa L.) BC1F1 Pandan Ungu/Kambang//Pandan Ungu. Thwas research was conducted from January to December 2018 at the Screen House Agriculture of Faculty Mulawarman University. Thwas research used the castration backcross method between Pandan Ungu/Kambang females and Pandan Ungu males to produce BC1F1. The castration from 214 spikelets was obtained from 20 fertile grains (4,60%) from that seed only 10 seeds were to able germinate (50%) and only 4 plants (40%) were able to grow. Results showed Morphological characterwastics; number of productive tillers that have the criteria of medium (1 plant), slight (1 plant), and very few (2 plants); long panicles that have the criteria of medium (3 plants) and long (1 plant); the length of the seed that has the criteria was very long (4 plants); the width of the seed 2.5-3 mm (4 plants); and the thickness of the seed 1.6-2 mm (4 plants). On the Agronomic characters, plant height was short (3 plants) and high (1 plant); the kink of the rod has the criteria of somewhat strong (4 plants); the age of the plant has the criteria of very early maturing (4 plants); and weight of 100 grains of dry unhusked have 2,80 g (1 plant), 2,33 g (1 plant) and 2.28 g (1 plant). The achievement of Morphological characters and Agronomic practices, namely; the Length of the panicle following the character (Pandan Ungu) and (Kambang), the length of the seed following (Kambang), plant height following the character (Kambang) and the age of the plant follows the character (Pandan Ungu). As for new characters were obtained, namely; the number of productive tillers, the width of the seed, the thickness of the seed, the kink stem, and the weight of 100 grains of dry milled grain.

Determinan Kesejahteraan Petani Tanaman Pangan di Provinsi Jawa Barat

Every year, West Java Province becomes the third largest rice-producing province in Indonesia, with a production of 9.43 million tons in 2022. However, this condition is inversely proportional to the welfare of food crop farmers when viewed from the exchange rate of food crop farmers (NTPTP), which in the last two years has been below 100%. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of rice crop production, rice crop productivity, the selling price of dry milled grain, production costs, and additional capital on NTPTP in West Java. Secondary data were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Directorate General of Food Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, from 2010–2022. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to examine the determinants of the welfare of food crop farmers. The findings of this study show that the selling price of dry-milled grain has a significant effect on increasing NTPTP. In contrast, rice crop production, productivity, production costs, and capital increases are not. The selling price of dry-milled grain influences the welfare of food crop farmers in West Java. Government policymakers can use this study in the agricultural sector to overcome the high expenditure of farmers' production costs by providing subsidies on target and maintaining the cost of goods sold for rice for the welfare of farmers in West Java.
 
 Keywords: price of dry grain, exchange rate of food crop farmers, paddy production, paddy productivity, multiple linear regression

Land Suitability and Upland Rice Productivity with Integrated Crop Management in Sorong Regency

With Integrated Crop Management, the study is aimed at improving the production of upland rice in West Papua (ICM). On-farm research and land surveys were used to conduct this study. We looked at the following factors: 1) the suitability of the rice field in Sorong Regency, 2) the growth and production of rice plants, and 3) the social and economic factors affecting farmers. The findings indicate that upland rice development is feasible on dry land, over an area of 317,831 ha, which is made up of three types of suitable land: very suitable land (S1), which covers an area of 61,684 ha; quite a suitable land (S2), which covers an area of 59.021 ha with land constraints in the form of nutrient retention (nr); and suitable marginal land (S3), which covers an area of 197.126 ha with constraints in the form of (eh). Dry-milled grain yields in the ICM pattern with the Situ Bagendit and Batutegi varieties were 4.48 t/ha and 4.16 t/ha, respectively, greater than those in the farmer pattern. The ICM pattern has a higher profit of IDR 5,360 compared to the farmer pattern of IDR 2,400 with a B/C value of 1.6 and 1.2.

Effects of ameliorant application on the growth and yield of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.)

An ameliorant is a chemical that can be used to improve soil fertility. The improving agents include dolomite and steel slag. Steel slag is a by-product of the steel industry containing CaCO3, SiO2, CaSiO3, and MgO, which can be used to improve the growth and yield of rice plants. Dolomite, on the other hand, is a limestone rock containing MgO and CaO, which is useful in agricultural soils. This study aimed to determine the types and doses of ameliorants affecting the growth and yield of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). The research was carried out at Sukadana Village, Ciomas Serang-Banten District. A non-factorial Group Randomized Design with seven treatments was employed in this investigation. The treatments include P0 = No treatment (control), P1 = 2 t/ha of dolomite, P2 = 2 t/ha of dolomite + 2.5 t/ha of steel slag, P3 = 1.5 t/ha of steel slag, P4 = 2.5 t/ha of steel slag, P5 = 5 t/ha of steel slag, and P6 = 7.5 t/ha of steel slag. Observation was made on steel slag characterization, plant height, the total number of tillers, the weight of 1000 grains, the amount of grain per clump, and the weight of dry-milled grain. The results showed that applying dolomite at 2 t/ha and steel slag at 2.5 t/ha could increase the weight of 1000 grains of rice, and applying steel slag at 1.5 t/ha could enhance the amount of grain per clump.

RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) INPARI 42 VARIETY GROWTH AND PRODUCTION IN RESPONSE TO BOKASHI AND PHONSKA NPK FERTILIZER

This study aims to investigate the optimum dosage of Bokashi and Phonska NPK fertilizer on the growth and production of the Inpari 42 rice variety. This investigation was conducted at the agricultural location of Ulu Mowewe Village, Mowewe District, East Kolaka Regency. The experiment used was the Split Plot Design (RPT). The factorial pattern consists of two treatment factors, namely the Bokashi (B) treatment factor with three levels, namely: B1 = 1.2 kg/plot, B2 = 2.4 kg/plot, and B3 = 4.8 kg/plot, and the treatment factor Phonska NPK, which consists of three levels, namely N1 = 0.18 kg/plot, N2 = 0.36 kg/plot, and N1 = 0.54 kg/plot. Parameters observed in the study were: plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, panicle length, number of panicles or clumps, number of grain or panicles, number of filled grain or panicles, the weight of 1000 grain grains, dry milled grain yield (GKG) per plot, Milled Dry Unhulled grain yield (GKG) per conversion. The data were processed using variance (ANOVA) and followed by the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the combined dose of Bokashi and Phonska NPK fertilizer significantly affected plant height (cm), the number of tillers, the number of leaves (strands), leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), panicle length (cm), number/panicle, total grain/panicle, total grain/panicle, and yield of dry milled grain (GKG)/slot (kg), the yield of dry milled unhulled grain (GKG)/conversion (tons) The dose treatment of Bokashi and Phonska NPK showed that the optimum combination dose of Bokashi and Phonska NPK for the growth and yield of Inpari 42 rice was B3N2 (4.8 kg and 0.3 kg/plot).

PENINGKATAN KESUBURAN TANAH DAN HASIL PADI SAWAH MELALUI APLIKASI PUPUK ORGANIK

The yield of irrigated paddy rice in Sri Agung Village has decreased. In the last four years, the increase in the addition of input units (fertilizers) has not been followed by an increase in economic yields. This study aims to analyze the effect of organic fertilizers on soil fertility, such as pH, total N, organic C, available P and available K. The research was conducted in the rice fields of Sri Agung Village. Batang Asam area, West Tanjung Jabung Regency - Jambi. The research was conducted from April to September 2020. The study used a randomized block design with six treatments and five replications. The treatments tried were: Recommended Fertilizer (R), five types of organic fertilizer with a dose of 10 t ha-1 each, namely, Petroganik+R ( P1), Compost Solid Decanter + R (P2), Chicken Manure + R (P3 ), Cow Manure +R (P4) and Industrial Waste Compost + R (P5). The results showed that organic fertilizers significantly increased available K content of paddy soil but they did not significantly increase soil pH, total N, organic C and available P. The highest yield of dry milled grain (7.52 t ha-1) was obtained at +R (P1) Petroganic treatment.

Salibu Rice Cultivation in Tungro Endemis Region

Salibu is modified ratoon rice which has advantages in economic and time-saving. Tungro disease is one of probable handicap for salibu to be controlled in their endemic area. Rice virus tungro disease is caused by Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV) and Rice Tungro Spherical Virus (RTSV) which are transmitted by leafhopper. The research goals are to know the growth of leafhopper population and the spread of the tungro disease in salibu and conventional rice farming system as well as their effect on yield. The research was conducted in split plot experiment and designed in a randomized block design. The main plot were 1) salibu system and 2) conventional system (non-salibu). The subplots were varieties 1) TN1 (sensitive variety), 2) Ciherang (commonly used by the farmer), and 3) Inpari 36 (tungro new resistant variety). The results revealed that the tungro attack rate, dry milled grain yield, and 1000 dry grain weight were significantly higher in conventional cultivation than salibu (P < 0.05). The number of leafhopper populations tended to be higher in salibu system than in conventional system. The number of natural enemies did not show a particular pattern related to green leafhopper's presence. The Shannon Wiener diversity index for natural enemies ranged from low to medium. Regarding to the results, salibu system is not recommended yet in the tungro endemic areas. Keywords: Salibu, rice tungro virus disease, green leafhopper, natural enemies

The effectiveness of beyonic startmix organic biological fertilizer on growth and yield of Inpari rice 30

Increasing agricultural production, especially rice, uses a lot of chemical fertilizers, which can have a negative effect on the environment. The solution sought to overcome the impact of using chemical fertilizers is using biological organic fertilizer (POH) beyonic startmix, which contains microorganisms that provide plant nutrients, produce growth hormones, and protect plants from pests and diseases. The study aimed to determine the effect of startmix beyonic organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of inpari 30 rice. The study was carried out in the Motekar farmer group’s paddy fields in Jabong Village, Pagaden District, Subang Regency. The study lasted four months, starting from January to April 2018. The study used a field experiment method using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) pattern, which consisted of 2 treatments, namely with fertilization and without fertilization with startmix beyonic biological organic fertilizer, each carried out on three plots with five replicates. Parameters observed included plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, number of grains per panicle, the weight of 1000 dry grain seeds, and grain yield. The results showed that applying POH significantly affected the number of tillers, panicles, and paddy yields. The yield of dry milled grain with POH was, on average, 7.463 tons/ha, 16.91% higher than without POH fertilization at 6.201 tons/ha on average.

PENGARUH UMUR DAN JUMLAH BENIH PER LUBANG TANAM TERHADAP HASIL PADI HITAM (Oryza sativa L) LOKAL SUBANG

ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to determine the appropriate age and number of seeds for the transfer process (Tapin) from the nursery to the planting area in order to obtain high growth and yield of black rice.This research was conducted in Lemah Duhur irrigated rice fields, Kiangroke Village, Banjaran District, Bandung Regency, West Java Province.This study used an experimental method with Split Plot Design using 2 factors, namely seed age (U) as the main plot consisting of 4 levels, namely u1 = 10 days after sowing, u2 = 15 days after sowing, u3 = 20 days after sowing scatter and u4 = 25 days after scatter. The number of seeds per planting hole (J) as child plots consisted of 4 levels, namely j1 = 1 seed per planting hole, j2 = 3 seeds per planting hole, j3 = 5 seeds per planting hole and j4 = 7 seeds per planting hole.Parameters observed were: number of tillers per clump, number of panicles per clump, weight of harvested dry unhulled (GKP) per clump, weight of dry harvested unhulled (GKP) per plot, weight of dry milled unhulled (GKG) per plot.The results showed that there was no interaction between the treatment of seed age and the number of seeds operted in the planting hole for all observation parameters. The highest average number of panicles per clump was found in u2j1, the highest average weight of harvested dry grain per clump was found in treatment u4j1, the highest average weight of harvested dry grain (GKP) per plot was found in treatment u4j1, the average the highest average weight of dry milled grain (GKG) per plot was in the u4j1 treatment.
 Key words : seed age, seed number, black rice, anthocyanin, aleurone

Rice Husk Waste: Impact on Environmental Health and Potential as Biogas

Indonesia is an agricultural country with dry-milled grain production reaching 55.6 million tons in 2022. Besides producing an abundance of rice, milled dry rice also results in waste in the form of rice husks. The handling of rice husk waste is mostly by burning. The smoke from burning is toxic, so it has a poor impact on environmental health. This study is regarding the effect of improper management of rice husks on environmental health, the utilization of rice husks in biogas energy, and its potential in Indonesia. Air quality measurement in areas burning rice husks on the parameters SO2, CO, NO2, and PM10 regarding the method of the Indonesian National Standard. Then anaerobic laboratory-scale research to convert rice husk into biogas. Chemical pretreatment was carried out with 3% NaOH and the C/N ratio determined was 25. Condition variations were determined for L-AD with 7% TS and SS-AD with 17% TS. We found that burning rice husks harm on environmental health. It is indicated by the SO2 and PM10 parameters exceeding the quality standards, namely 167 and 132 µg/m3.The NO2 parameter almost reached the quality standard, namely 178 µg/m3. Generated rice husk can be converted into renewable energy in biogas with good productivity in SS-AD conditions, with biogas production reaching 75.2 mL.gTS-1. Biogas potential from rice husks reached 1.5 million liters. It can support energy security for Indonesia.

Pengaruh Harga Gabah terhadap Kesejahteraan Petani di Sumatera Utara pada Tahun 2020-2021


 One of the keys to the growth of the agricultural sector is the level of welfare enjoyed by farmers. The purpose of this study is to find out how the welfare of farmers in North Sumatra will be affected by the price of grain in 2020-2021. In accordance with the research design, quantitative descriptive research will be used to conduct this research. This kind of research is quantitative. That secondary data is used. The Central Bureau of Statistics provides information for this (BPS). The data analysis technique used Multiple Linear Regression Test with SPSS application. The results showed that the probability value. Tcount of the dry milled grain variable (X1) is 0.019 < from 0.05 so that the milled dry grain variable has a significant effect on the farmer's exchange rate variable in 2020-2021. The probability value of Tcount of Harvested Dry Grain (X2) is 0.966 > from 0.05 so that the Harvested Dry Grain variable has no effect on the Farmer's Exchange Rate variable (Y) in 2020-2021. The calculated F probability value (sig.) above is 0.047 < from the 0.05 significance level (0.047 < 0.05). So it can be said that the Variables of Milled Dry Grain and Harvested Dry Unhusked Simultaneously have a significant effect on Farmers' Exchange Rates in 2020-2021. 
 Keywords: Welfare, Grain

Observasi Observing The Performance of Gogo Rice Breeding Lines

Observation is one of the stages in the selection to obtain the expected rice lines to be tested at the yield and multi-location testing stage as candidates for breeding rice varieties. The research was carried out at the Tamanbogo Lampung Experimental Garden in the 2021 planting season (MT) using an augmented design with five replications of comparison varieties: Inpago 8. Inpago 12, Inpago 13. Situbagendit, and Situpatenggang. As many as 247 promising breeding rice lines were used as materials in this experiment with their respective advantages. Each line was planted with a 0.9 m x 5 m plot size with a spacing of 30 cm x 15 cm. Fertilizer used is 300 kg/ha NPK + 100 kg/ha Urea. Weeding is done twice, precisely at the time before the next fertilization I and II. The observations include 50% flowering age, harvest age, plant height, tiller quantity, dry-milled grain yield, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The analysis of variance showed that the genotype significantly affected plant height and productive tiller quantities. High heritability and genetic advances in plant height characters indicate that this character is a selection criterion so that selection can be made to increase these characters. The comparison varieties significantly affected the character of plant height and productive tiller quantities. From this activity, 37 breeding lines were obtained with higher yields than the comparison varieties.

Rice Quality and Yield at Various Application Times of Organic Rice Management System

The higher national rice demand encourages various efforts to increase rice production. This increase in rice production occurs in line with increasing public awareness of healthy foods, especially organic rice. Rice field management with an organic system is expected to provide a higher yield and quality of rice. This study aims to determine the effect of the long-time application of an organic rice management system on rice yield and quality. Descriptive exploratory research is supported by laboratory analysis of samples of organic rice plants with three periods (10 years, 7 years, and 4 years), semi-organic and conventional. The parameters observed were dry harvested grain, dry milled grain, the weight of 1000 grains, unfilled grain, protein content, amylum, amylopectin, and reducing sugar. The most prolonged organic rice field management with the application of 10 years gives better results with a protein content of 6.14%, amylum 71.71%, and amylopectin 49.35%. While the application of organic farming for 7 years gives the highest rice yield, the difference is not confirmed with the application of organic 10 years, with the weight of dry grain harvest 10.44 Mg ha-1, dry milled grain 8.15 10.44 Mg ha-1, the weight of 1000 grains 24 g, and unfilled grain 3.8%.

The Growth and Yield of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Appliced with Rice Husk Zeolite and N Fertilizer

Upland rice production can be increased by utilizing suboptimal land. However, efforts need to be made to increase the availability ofnutrients and water in the soil. This study aims to determine the interaction of rice husk zeolite treatment andN fertilizer on the growth and yield of upland rice. The research was conducted experimentally factorial using completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor of rice husk zeolite consisted of 3 levels (0, 200 and 400 kg.ha-1) and the second factor of N fertilizer consisted of 3 levels (0, 75 and 125 kg N.ha-1), each combination was repeated three times. The results showed that the application of rice husk zeolite 200 kg.ha-1 and N fertilizer dosage 125 kg N.ha-1 increased plant height, maximum number of tillers and weight of 1000 grains compared without rice husk zeolite and N fertilizer, and also increased the number of productive tillers and pithy grain per panicle, weight of dry milled grain per clump are 56.78%,16.8%, 80%, respectively compared without rice husk zeolite and N fertilizer.

Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Laju Pertumbuhan Sektor Pertanian pada PDRB Kabupaten Klungkung

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Growth Rate of the Agricultural Sector in the GRDP of Klungkung Regency
 The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the growth rate of the agricultural sector in the GRDP of Klungkung Regency. The variables used in this study were dry milled unhulled rice production, rice field area, and labor. The research data used is data contained in related agencies from 2011-2019 for 9 years and is taken from agencies such as the Central Statistics Agency, the Klungkung Regency Agriculture Service, and others. This research was conducted by means of multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the growth rate of the agricultural sector in the GDRP of Klungkung Regency was influenced by various factors consisting of the production of milled dry unhulled rice, rice field area, and agricultural labor. The results of this study mean that the more production of milled dry unhulled rice, the more paddy fields owned by the farmers and the more agricultural labor, the higher the growth rate of the agricultural sector in the GDRP of Klungkung Regency. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended for local governments to increase agricultural sector revenues starting with protecting and increasing the area of ??rice fields, developing labor productivity to increase dry milled grain production so that the GRDP growth rate of the agricultural sector in Klungkung Regency can increase.

APPLICATION OF NPK 15-10-12 FERTILIZER TO INCREASE THE YIELD OF PADDY FIELD, FERTILIZATION EFFICIENCY, AND EFFECTIVITY OF FERTILIZING IN INCEPTISOL

The quality and effective fertilizers support site-specific nutrient management of paddy fields, which can increase yields and efficiency of fertilizer. Fertilizer formulas should be based on soil nutrient status and crop requirements. This study aims to examine the reformulation of compound NPK fertilizers for lowland rice. The study was conducted in Cibungbulang, Bogor Regency from October 2020 - March 2021. The experimental design was carried out using a randomized complete block design with 10 treatments, and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of five levels of NPK 15-10-12 fertilizer doses, plus control treatment, NPK 15-15-15 and single NPK as standard, and additional treatment with the addition of straw compost. The plots were made measuring 5 m x 5 m. The results showed that statistically, the application of NPK 15-10-12 fertilizer gave the same effect on plant height, the number of tillers, weight of dry grain harvested, the weight of dry milled grain, and weight of dry straw compared to single NPK fertilizer and NPK 15-15-15. The optimum dose of NPK 15-10-12 fertilizer for lowland rice is 220 kg ha-1 combined with Urea at a dose of 225 kg ha-1. At the same dose (300 kg ha-1) the efficiency of NPK 15-10-12 fertilizer (9.70 kg grain kg-1 fertilizer) was higher than NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer (8.47 kg grain kg-1 fertilizer). Higher efficiency is indicated by lower fertilization doses. The RAE value of NPK 15-10-12 (142%) was higher than that of NPK 15-15-15 at the same dose and single NPK. This research implies that the formula for compound NPK 15-10-12 fertilizer can be used as a substitute for compound NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer.

Growth and yield of several Gogo rice varieties (Oryza Sativa L.) applicated by various P sources in Ultisol Planting Media

Gogo rice productivity is still low because farmers still use local varieties of Gogo rice and most of it is cultivated on marginal soils such as Ultisol. Ultisol soils contain low available P due to P fixation by Al and Fe. The existence of Gogo rice varieties that can compensate for the high Al content in Ultisol soil and can neutralize Al in plants is one of the right solutions in overcoming the problem of Al poisoning. While the constraint of the lack of availability of P nutrients in Ultisol requires the application of P fertilizer. This study aims to determine the growth and yield of several Gogo rice varieties given various P sources and to determine the best Gogo rice varieties and the best P sources in Ultisol. The research method used a Split Plot Design. The main plot is Gogo rice varieties consisting of three levels, namely; Kuku Balam, Dogor, and Inpago 10, as well as subplots are various sources of P consisting of four levels, namely; No P, 0.4 g TSP, 0.7 g rock phosphate, and 1.8 g guano. The results showed that administration of 0.4 g TSP was the best source of P in Gogo rice than without P, ​​administration of RP, and guano on the value of P nutrient uptake, maximum tillers, productive tillers, flowering age, harvest age, number of grains per panicle, percentage pithy grain, the weight of dry milled grain per clump and the ratio of grain and straw. The Kuku Balam variety had a nutrient uptake value of P (130.91 mg/clump), the number of grains per panicle (210.63 grains) and the weight of milled dry grain per clump (42.11 g) which were the best yields compared to the Dogor and Inpago 10.

Implementasi Teorema Bayes Untuk Diagnosa Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri (Kresek) Dan Penyakit Blas Tanaman Padi

Rice is a plant that has an important role for the majority of the population in Indonesia. Rice plants have a fairly high carbohydrate content. Therefore, rice cultivation is very important to be maintained. The government is targeting rice yields in 2013 to reach 72.06 million tons of dry milled grains and a surplus of 10 million tons in 2015. But in fact, this has not been realized due to disease attacks on rice plants which are quite detrimental to farmers. This is due to the lack of knowledge among Indonesian farmers about the problem of rice plant diseases. Farmers often have difficulty in consulting with an expert because of the travel time to the agricultural office which is quite far. In this expert system research, the Bayes theorem calculation method determines the probability of an event based on the effects obtained through observations. The result of the analysis of this method is an expert system analysis to diagnose diseases in rice plants along with the probability value of the diagnosed disease, which shows the level of system confidence in the disease by Bayes calculation that the conclusion with the highest value of 0.574 is Blast Disease