Inclusion Complexes Of Drug Research Articles

Comparative study on the effects of the inclusion complexes of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins on dissociation rates and supersaturation

This result suggests that the ratio deemed appropriate in solid-phase analysis may not necessarily align with it is based on the stability constant in the aqueous solution.

Mechanistic insight of α-mangostin encapsulation in 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for solubility enhancement

α-Mangostin is the most abundant compound contained in the mangostin (Garcinia mangostana L.) plant which have been developed and proven to have many promising pharmacological effects. However, the low water solubility of α-mangostin causes limitations in its development in clinical purpose. To increase the solubility of a compound, a method currently being developed is to make drug inclusion complexes using cyclodextrins. This research aimed to use in silico techniques namely molecular docking study and molecular dynamics simulation to explore the molecular mechanism and stability of the encapsulation of α-mangostin using cyclodextrins. Two types of cyclodextrins were used including β-cyclodextrin and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin docked against α-mangostin. From the molecular docking results, it shows that the α-mangostin complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin provides the lowest binding energy value of −7.99 Kcal/mol compared to β-cyclodextrin value of −6.14 Kcal/mol. The α-mangostin complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin also showed good stability based on molecular dynamics simulation during 100 ns. From molecular motion, RDF, Rg, SASA, density, total energy analyzes, this complex shows increased solubility in water and provided good stability. This indicates that the encapsulation of α-mangostin with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin can increase the solubility of the α-mangostin. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Long-Lived States Provide Insights from NMR into the β-Cyclodextrin Drug Assemblies.

In the last two decades, extending spin memory in NMR has been used for several purposes. Long-lived states (LLS) or singlet states are one of the first spin memory enhancement techniques used. LLS have the potential to extract structural information and intra- and intermolecular interactions of complex systems other than studying slow phenomenon. The motional regime of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) drug inclusion complexes generally lies in the intermediate region, where ωτc ≈ 1, and the standard methods of studying these interactions, i.e., NOE and chemical shift monitoring, suffer from insufficient output information. The sensitivity of LLS toward the environmental changes is utilized here to gain insights into the drug assemblies formed by β-CD. One can use change in relaxation of LLS to study the structural changes during complexation. The examples of β-CD with the drugs indomethacin, paracetamol, gliclazide, and CI-933 (a precursor 4-methoxybenzamide) were studied. Indomethacin, paracetamol, and 4-methoxybenzamide show strong interaction through the para-substituted benzene ring, unlike gliclazide. Relaxation of LLS in β-CD-drug complexes is modeled using standard Redfield Relaxation Theory. Computational studies performed support the experimental observations. Docking and molecular dynamics simulation provided the explanation of the relaxation properties of these drug molecules.

Biopharmaceutical and nanotoxicological aspects of cyclodextrins for non-invasive topical treatments: A critical review.

Cyclodextrins are nanometric cyclic oligosaccharides with amphiphilic characteristics that increase the stability of drugs in pharmaceutical forms and bioavailability, in addition to protecting them against oxidation and UV radiation. Some of their characteristics are low toxicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. They are divided into α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins, each with its own particularities. They can undergo surface modifications to improve their performances. Furthermore, their drug inclusion complexes can be made by various methods, including lyophilization, spray drying, magnetic stirring, kneading, and others. Cyclodextrins can solve several problems in drug stability when incorporated into dosage forms (including tablets, gels, films, nanoparticles, and suppositories) and allow better topical biological effects of drugs at administration sites such as skin, eyeballs, and oral, nasal, vaginal, and rectal cavities. However, as they are nanostructured systems and some of them can cause mild toxicity depending on the application site, they must be evaluated for their nanotoxicology and nanosafety aspects. Moreover, there is evidence that they can cause severe ototoxicity, killing cells from the ear canal even when applied by other administration routes. Therefore, they should be avoided in otologic administration and should have their permeation/penetration profiles and the in vivo hearing system integrity evaluated to certify that they will be safe and will not cause hearing loss.

Formulation and characterization of eprosartan mesylate and β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex prepared by microwave technology

The goal of this work was to improve the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of eprosartan mesylate by preparing inclusion complex of drug with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) by microwave technique. In order to determine the solubility of eprosartan, phase solubility was determined and dissolution study was also conducted. Further, analytical techniques for instance, particle size distribution, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used for the characterization of inclusion complex. In addition, the binding pattern of eprosartan with the β-CD was investigated by molecular modeling study. Phase solubility study revealed that approximately 4.48 folds improvement in the solubility of drug was noted with β-CD (10 mM). The estimated stability constant (K c) values for eprosartan:β-CD binary mixture was found to be 280.78 M–1. The prepared inclusion complex of drug with β-CD presented better drug release profile (62.96 ± 2.01% in 1 h) as compared to their physical mixture (41.41 ± 1.77% in 1 h) or drug per se (29.97 ± 3.13%). The inclusion complex demonstrated different features and properties from pure drug, and we inferred that this could be due to the inclusion of drug into cyclodextrin cavity that confirmed by different analytical method. Molecular modeling study demonstrated a good affinity of eprosartan to entangle to β-CD. The outcomes have shown that guest molecule has many significant interactions with the host molecule. These observations are very interesting and may be a valuable approach to improve the solubility and in turn the bioavailability of eprosartan.

Alginate enriched with phytic acid for hydrogels preparation. Therapeutic applications

In the last decade, numerous innovative strategies have been used to obtain highly efficient synthetic or semi-synthetic biomaterials. Between these innovative biomaterials, hydrogels occupy a distinct place due to their superior biological and physico-chemical characteristics. Alginate is a natural linear polysaccharide with important physico-chemical and biological properties. Recently, we obtained a new hydrogel based on alginate and phytic acid with improved physico-chemical properties. In the present study, the hydrogels previously obtained were tested in terms of their biological properties and possibilities of use in the biomedical field. For this purpose, the hydrogels were loaded with norfloxacin (NRF), an antibacterial compound utilised in the treatment against Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Unfortunately, NRF has low solubility and permeability. In order to provide protection against loss, but also for enhanced bioavailability, and controlled-release of norfloxacin, a drug inclusion complex with cyclodextrin was realized. The effect of complexation on the release profile was highlighted. The addition of NRF to the hydrogel matrices greatly improved the antibacterial activity of the tested compounds. The presence of CD did not affect the homogeneity of the drug distribution. Changes in the polymeric matrix structure were registered after the incorporation of the drug, which were attributed to the relaxation of the network subsequently to the penetration and diffusion of the drug solution simultaneously with the swelling process. The release of NRF from Alg_PA polymeric network has been successfully modulated by the use of CD as a host molecule.

Formulation, development and evaluation of novel oral soluble films of ziprasidone hydrochloride in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Objective: The Present investigation deals with the formulation development and evaluation of rapid dissolving oral films of ziprasidone HCl, an atypical antipsychotic agent, belongs to class-II of BCS classification. Methods: Ziprasidone is a poorly soluble bitter drug and hence inclusion complexes of drug with beta cyclodextrin in different compositions were prepared using kneading technique. Among the prepared compositions, the composition PM8 was chosen to incorporate the ziprasidone HCl into the films. Various film forming water soluble polymers were explored for the casting of oral soluble films. Based on their physical and mechanical properties HPMC E5 and HPMC E15 were selected for the casting of the ziprasidone HCl loaded films. The films were evaluated for various physicochemical, mechanical and thermal properties such as drug loading efficiency, disintegration time, in vitro drug release characters, folding endurance, tensile strength etc. X-Ray diffraction studies, Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and stability studies were performed for the optimized formulation in order to determine the stability of the formulation and the presence of drug excipient interactions Scanning electron microscopic studies were carried out to find the morphology and the texture of the film. Results: All the physical and mechanical properties of the films were in acceptable limits. The film F4 formulated with 20% w/v HPMC E5 showed good drug loading efficiency and 100% drug release in less than 6 min. X-Ray diffraction studies, Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and stability studies of formulation F4 revealed the stability of the formulation. Scanning electron microscopic studies showed the morphology of the films suggesting that the films have uniform surface. Conclusion: Overall findings suggested that ziprasidone HCl oral soluble films of HPMC E5 exhibited a desired disintegration time ≤ 50 seconds, good drug loading efficiency and stability.

Understanding the guest binding in the cucurbit[7]uril inclusion complexes of CDK4/6 inhibitors, palbociclib, and ribociclib from a combined experimental and computational study

We have studied the cucurbit[7]uril inclusion complexes of two anti-cancer drugs, palbociclib and ribociclib, in the solution and solid-state with the help of experimental and computational approaches. The formation of the cucurbit[7]uril inclusion complex, binding stoichiometry, and binding free energies in aqueous solution was determined from 1H-NMR, UV-spectroscopy and ITC studies. The binding of drugs in the ionized and unionized forms with cucurbit[7]uril was studied with the help of QTAIM analysis and free energy computations. We report the development of new co-amorphous solids of the cucurbit[7]uril inclusion complexes of drugs with enhanced thermal stability. We also report three new crystalline salt forms of palbociclib oxalate and a new dimethyl sulfoxide solvate of ribociclib succinate dihydrate in the study. The phase interrelationship between the palbociclib oxalate forms (1a, 1b, and 1c) was established from DSC and PXRD study.

Molecular Dynamics Study of Sorafenib Anti‐Cancer Drug: Inclusion Complex in Amphiphilic Cyclodextrin

AbstractCyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides able to solubilize hydrophobic drugs in water enhancing their bioavailability. Sorafenib (SOR) is a lipophilic oral multikinase inhibitor that impedes proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion of cancer cells with low water‐solubility. Recently, amphiphilic cyclodextrins (aCDs) have been investigated as possible nanocarrier for systemic administration of SOR increasing its bio‐availability. A theoretical study about inclusion complexes of SOR drug and a model of aCD system using molecular mechanics (MM) and molecular dynamics (MD) methods is here reported. At first, the single molecule aCD (SC6OH, heptakis(2‐O‐oligo(ethylene oxide)‐6‐hexylthio)‐β‐CD bearing 14 units of ethylene‐oxide at the CD secondary rim) and SOR drug are studied. Then, the interaction between aCD and SOR is investigated. The theoretical results display different types of interaction geometries. The most stable geometry of the host‐guest complex showed the lowest potential and favorable interaction energy and the fluorine atoms of SOR drug molecule are directed toward the hydrophobic primary rim of the aCD, while the part of the SOR rich in oxygen atoms is directed toward the hydrophilic secondary rim. This theoretical result is in a good agreement with NMR data in literature about same aCD as host of Sorafenib anti‐cancer drug.

Cyclodextrin-Based Supramolecular Complexes of Osteoinductive Agents for Dental Tissue Regeneration.

Oral tissue regeneration has received growing attention for improving the quality of life of patients. Regeneration of oral tissues such as alveolar bone and widely defected bone has been extensively investigated, including regenerative treatment of oral tissues using therapeutic cells and growth factors. Additionally, small-molecule drugs that promote bone formation have been identified and tested as new regenerative treatment. However, treatments need to progress to realize successful regeneration of oral functions. In this review, we describe recent progress in development of regenerative treatment of oral tissues. In particular, we focus on cyclodextrin (CD)-based pharmaceutics and polyelectrolyte complexation of growth factors to enhance their solubility, stability, and bioactivity. CDs can encapsulate hydrophobic small-molecule drugs into their cavities, resulting in inclusion complexes. The inclusion complexation of osteoinductive small-molecule drugs improves solubility of the drugs in aqueous solutions and increases in vitro osteogenic differentiation efficiency. Additionally, various anionic polymers such as heparin and its mimetic polymers have been developed to improve stability and bioactivity of growth factors. These polymers protect growth factors from deactivation and degradation by complex formation through electrostatic interaction, leading to potentiation of bone formation ability. These approaches using an inclusion complex and polyelectrolyte complexes have great potential in the regeneration of oral tissues.

Transdermal delivery of duloxetine-sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin complex for effective management of depression

Aim of the study was to reduce the dose and dosing frequency of duloxetine HCl (DXT) by complexation with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBEβCD), an anionic cyclodextrin through permeation enhancement for more effective management of depression. Spray dried inclusion complexes of drug with SBEβCD were prepared and incorporated in medicated patches followed by their ex vivo permeation and skin retention studies. Then, in vivo efficacy and absorption of the drug from developed optimised patch was determined in Wistar rats by administering drug through oral route (free drug) and transdermal route (complexed drug). Swimming, immobility and climbing parameters in FST while ambulation and rearings parameters in LAT test were assessed. Addition of permeation enhancer (PE) increased drug permeation and the enhancement ratio (ER) was 3.05 and 1.67 for the patch having complexed DXT and spray dried sample of DXT in comparison to free DXT respectively. The amount of drug retained in skin and in optimized medicated patch after 72 h was relatively lower compared to the formulation having free DXT. Enhanced antidepressive activity was observed for complexed drug compared to free drug. We believe that spray dried complexation based transdermal patch can serve as potential innovative drug delivery system for DXT.

Fabrication and evaluation of fast disintegrating pellets of cilostazol

The present study was designed to formulate and develop fast disintegrating pellets of poorly soluble model drug (cilostazol) by reducing the proportion of micro-crystalline cellulose with pre-gelatinized starch (PGS), lactose and chitosan. The bioavailability enhancement of a model drug was achieved by preparing inclusion complex with Captisol® (Sulfobutyl Ether β cyclodextrin – SBE-β-CD). Extrusion-spheronization technique was used to formulate pellets. Placket-Burman design was used for the initial screening of most significant factors such as screen size (mm), ratio of micro crystalline cellulose: PGS + lactose + chitosan and % of HPMC which affects pellet properties. The inclusion complex of drug and Captisol® (SBE-β-CD) was prepared by Solvent Evaporation method and were incorporated into pellets in a predefined proportion. Formulation was optimized by using 32 full factorial design, the optimized batch was selected on the basis of dependent variables such as % yield, pellet size, disintegration time and % Cumulative drug release (%CDR), the obtained results were 87.15%, 0.75 mm, 13 min and 91.024% respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) study revealed no significant interaction between drug and polymer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed uniform and spherical shaped pellets having pores on the surface which facilitates wicking action and fast disintegrating property of pellets. A design space was constructed to meet the desirable target and optimized batch. The scope of study can further extended to hydrophobic molecules which may useful due to rapid disintegration and enhanced dissolution rate.

Ultrasonic-assisted efficient synthesis of inclusion complexes of salsalate drug and β-cyclodextrin derivatives for potent biomedical applications

The inclusion complexes of the salsalate drug (SLT) with β-cyclodextrin derivatives (β-CDs); namely, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD), and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBEβ-CD) are synthesized using the ultrasound process. The enhanced aqueous solubility of SLT is demonstrated by phase solubility diagram and optical spectroscopy, showing the inclusion complexation of β-CDs and SLT with a 1:1 stoichiometry. The β-CDs:SLT inclusion complexes exhibit potent bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and reduce the cytotoxic effects of SLT on MCF-7 cells. The β-CDs:SLT complexes display further important activity for the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, indicating their antidiabetic capability. The designed and synthesized inclusion complexes of SLT with β-CDs are widely expected to have potential applications in the preparation of novel pharmaceutical formulations containing SLT.

Inclusion complexes of tricyclic drugs and β-cyclodextrin: Inherent chirality and dynamic behaviour.

Amitriptyline (AMT) and cyclobenzaprine (CBZ) are tricyclic drugs used as antidepressant and muscle relaxant, respectively. They show inherently chirality, i.e. they are chiral due to the lack of any symmetry element. As they are used as racemic mixture, diastereomeric inclusion complexes are formed via encapsulation in homochiral βCD. In this work we show that a suitable combination of NMR methods easily provides details on the chiral recognition, geometry of complexation, rotational dynamics and spatial proximity of selected atom pairs. In particular, we show that 13C NMR can be used to unambiguously assess chiral recognition, demonstrating a higher performance over 1H NMR. The mole fraction of the bound drug and the association constant can be worked out through diffusion experiments, whereas the combination of non-selective, selective and bi-selective relaxation spectra gave insights into the rotational motion of the complexed drug and the spatial proximity of selected proton pairs. The toolkit here proposed provides a thorough characterization of CD/drug inclusion complexes from a physicochemical point of view. This can constructively complement the conventional pharmacological and pharmacokinetic experiments, and can shed light on the understanding of CD/drug formulations.

Enhancement of Simvastatin ex vivo Permeation from Mucoadhesive Buccal Films Loaded with Dual Drug Release Carriers.

BackgroundSimvastatin (SMV), a hypocholesterolemic agent, suffers from very low bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility and extensive first-pass metabolism.MethodsTwo SMV carrier systems, namely, polymeric drug inclusion complex (IC) and mixed micelles (MM) nanoparticles, were developed and loaded into mucoadhesive buccal films to enhance SMV bioavailability. The two carrier systems were characterized and their permeation across human oral epithelial cells (OEC) was studied. The effect of IC to MM ratio (X1) and the mucoadhesive polymer concentration (X2) on the cumulative percent of drug released, elongation percent and the mucoadhesive strength, from the prepared mucoadhesive films, were optimized. Ex vivo permeation across bovine mucosal tissue was investigated. The permeation parameters for the in vitro and ex vivo release data were calculated.ResultsComplexation of SMV with hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP β-CD) was superior to all other polymers as revealed by the equilibrium saturation solubility, stability constant, complexation efficiency and thermodynamic potential. SMV-HP β-CD IC was utilized to develop a saturated polymeric drug solution. Both carrier systems showed enhanced permeation across OEC when compared to pure drug. X1 and X2 were significantly affecting the characteristics of the prepared films. The optimized mucoadhesive buccal film formulation loaded with SMV IC and drug MM nanoparticles demonstrated superior ex vivo permeation when compared to the corresponding pure drug buccal film, and the calculated permeation parameters confirmed this finding.ConclusionMucoadhesive buccal films containing SMV IC and drug MM can be used to improve drug bioavailability; however, additional pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies are required.

Formation & specification of host–guest inclusion complexes of an anti-malarial drug inside into cyclic oligosaccharides for enhancing bioavailability

The purpose of this novel research is to explore the formation of inclusion complexes of a drug, namely, chloroquine diphosphate with cyclic oligosaccharides. The solubility, versatility and bioavailability of the drug are enhanced and some of its side effects are reduced after encapsulation. Various sophisticated approaches have been employed to synthesize and characterize the inclusion phenomenon, which confirm the 1:1 stoichiometry of the complexes. The association constant is found higher in case of β-cyclodextrin which was explicated based on their molecular structure. The work explores the enhancement of overall bioavailability of this essential biologically active molecule.

Cyclodextrin Inclusion of Medicinal Compounds for Enhancement of their Physicochemical and Biopharmaceutical Properties.

Owing to their wide structural diversity and unique complexing properties, cyclodextrins (CDs) find manifold applications in drug discovery and development. The focus of this mini-review is on their uses as 'enabling excipients' both in the context of early drug discovery and in subsequent optimisation of drug performance. Features highlighted here include descriptions of the structures of CDs, synthetic derivatisation to fine-tune their properties, the nature of inclusion complexation of drugs within the CD cavity, methodology for the study of free and complexed hosts in the solid state and in solution, the inherent pharmacological activity of several CDs and its utility, novel CD-based drug delivery systems, and the role of CDs in drug discovery and optimisation. Illustrative examples are generally based on research reported during the last two decades. Application of CDs to the optimisation of the performance of established drugs is commonplace, but there are many opportunities for the intervention of CDs during the early stages of drug discovery, which could guide the selection of suitable candidates for development, thereby contributing to reducing the attrition rate of new molecular entities.

Effect of Soluplus on the supersaturation and absorption of tacrolimus formulated as inclusion complex with dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin

The application of tacrolimus (FK506) is hampered by its poor solubility and dissolution, which can be promoted by the use of inclusion complex. However, in supersaturated environment, crystallization of the drug inclusion complex may occur, leading to reduced absorption in vivo. In this study, Soluplus, an amphiphilic copolymer of polyvinyl caprolactam, polyvinyl acetate and polyethylene glycol, was used to improve the supersaturated stability and absorption of FK506. Using dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD), the inclusion complex (FK506-CD) was prepared, which showed favorable dissolution profiles. But in supersaturated condition, the drug concentration was rapidly decreased, with 10.64 ± 0.69 μg/ml of FK506 at 12 h. Ternary complex (FK506-SCD) containing Soluplus contributed steadier drug concentration. The FK506-SCD with 1.2% Soluplus best promoted the supersaturated stability of the inclusion complex, with 62.90 ± 3.34 μg/ml of FK506 at 12 h. Soluplus also reduced the crystallization and degradation of FK506 in the stress test. In the single-pass intestinal perfusion test, the absorption of FK506 in the ileum and colon was significantly increased. Pharmacokinetic results showed that the bioavailability of FK506-SCD was 2.34-fold that of FK506-CD. Our data suggested that Soluplus had an excellent capability in improving the supersaturated stability and in vivo absorption of FK506 inclusion complex.

INVESTIGATION ON DISSOLUTION PATTERN AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF DRUG RELEASE OF QUERCETIN BY COMPLEXATION WITH CYCLODEXTRIN NANOSPONGES

Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the release pattern of a poorly water-soluble drug quercetin (QU) by fabricating its cyclodextrin nanosponges.
 Methods: Characterization of the original QU powder and QU-loaded nanosponges was carried out by the Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dissolution tester. The drug release pattern was subjected to various kinetic models.
 Results: FTIR studies confirmed the formation of inclusion complex of drug. The particle size analysis revealed that the average particle size measured by laser light scattering method is around 400–420 nm with low polydispersity index. The particle size distribution is unimodal and having a narrow range. A sufficiently high zeta potential indicates that the complexes would be stable and the tendency to agglomerate would be miniscule. TEM image revealed the porous nature of nanosponges. The dissolution of the QU nanosponges was significantly higher compared with the pure drug.
 Conclusion: From the kinetic study, it is apparent that the regression coefficient value closer to unity in case of Korsmeyer-Peppas model indicates that the drug release exponentially to the elapsed time. n value obtained from the Korsmeyer-Peppas plots, i.e., 0.9911 indicating non-Fickian (anomalous) transport ; thus, it projected that delivered its active ingredient by coupled diffusion and erosion.

Molecular Docking in Formulation and Development.

In pharmaceutical research drug discovery and development process is timeconsuming and expensive. In many cases, it produces incompetent results due to the failure of in vitro and in vivo conventional approaches. Before any new drug is placed in the market it must undergo rigorous testing to get FDA approval. Due to the several limitations imposed by the drug discovery process, in recent times in silico approaches are widely applied in this field. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current molecular docking strategies used in drug discovery and to explore various advances in the field. In this review we have compiled database after an extensive literature search on docking studies which has found its applications relevant to the field of formulation and development. The papers retrieved were further screened to appraise the quality of work. In depth strategic analysis was carried out to confirm the credibility of the findings. The papers included in this review highlight the promising role of docking studies to overcome the challenges in formulation and development by emphasizing it's applications to predict drug excipient interactions which in turn assist to increase protein stability; to determine enzyme peptide interactions which maybe further used in drug development studies; to determine the most stable drug inclusion complex; to analyze structure at molecular level that ascertain an increase in solubility, dissolution and in turn the bioavailability of the drug; to design a dosage form that amplify the drug discovery and development process. This review summarizes recent findings of critical role played by molecular docking in the process of drug discovery and development. The application of docking approach will assist to design a dosage form in the most cost effective and time saving manner.