Drug Eradication Research Articles

Sex differences in Helicobacter pylori infection and recurrence rate among 81,754 Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo compare the sex differences of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection rate and 1-year recurrence rate.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on the prevalence of HP infection in 81,754 people who underwent physical examination in physical examination centers and outpatient clinics of the Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Second People’s Hospital of Zhangye City, Tianshui City Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the First and Second Department of The First Hospital of Lanzhou University Physical Examination Center, from March 2010 to December 2019. Among them, 53,771 (65.77%) were males (18–91 years old) and 27,983 (34.23%) were females (18–94 years old). According to age, they were divided into young group, middle-aged group and old group. 1448 asymptomatic infected patients were selected and treated with bismuth-containing quadruple drug eradication therapy for 2 weeks. The eradication rate and recurrence rate after 1 year were compared between males and females.ResultsThe overall infection rate was 49.59%, including 49.74% in males and 49.3% in females. The risk of infection in young women was lower than that in men (OR = 0.908, 95%CI: 0.868–0.95, P < 0.01), the risk of infection in older women was higher than that in men (OR = 1.137, 95%CI: 1.041–1.243, P < 0.01). The female infection rate was positively correlated with age from 18 to 60, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient was 0.825 (P < 0.01). The overall eradication rate was 84.67% in intention-to-treat analysis (ITT) and 88.46% in protocol analysis (PP). The eradication rates of ITT and PP in the older group were 78.38% and 82.27%, respectively, which were lower than 87.25% and 89.39% in the male group (P < 0.05). The 1-year overall recurrence rate was 3.86%, including 2.82% in males and 5.44% in females (P < 0.05), female was a risk factor for recurrence after eradication after controlling for age (OR = 2.177, 95%CI 1.166–4.066, P < 0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions during the treatment.ConclusionThere is a positive linear correlation between HP infection rate and age increase in women. Older women have the characteristics of high HP infection rate, low eradication rate and high recurrence rate.

Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Pemberantasan Narkoba dan Rencana Strategi Humas Badan Narkotika Nasional

This study discusses the role of public relations in planning communication strategies to handle news related to drug trafficking. Based on framing analysis from Antara and Detik.com media, it was found that these two media outlets highlighted drug trafficking as a serious threat, with news that focused on law enforcement actions and their social impact. Related to public relations strategy planning, the Ronald D. Smith model is used which includes four phases: formative research, strategy formulation, tactical implementation, and evaluation. The core of this study emphasizes the importance of structured and adaptive public relations strategic planning in dealing with drug trafficking issues, therefore it is necessary to increase cooperation with the media, adequate resource allocation, and the use of technology to reach a wider audience. Thus, it is hoped that drug eradication efforts can run more effectively and efficiently and get full support

Strategi Komunikasi pada Relawan Tim P4GN (di bawah Naungan BNK) Kab. Sukoharjo dalam Sosialisasi Anti Narkoba

In Sukoharjo Regency there is a community and volunteers for the Prevention, Eradication, Abuse and Illegal Trafficking of Drugs (P4GN) under the auspices of the Sukoharjo Regency Narcotics Agency (BNK). Which operates in the field of drug education. The resource persons for this research were 7 (seven) volunteers from the P4GN Regency team. Sukoharjo. The aim of this research is to determine the communication strategies used by the Sukoharjo Regency P4GN team when carrying out anti-drug outreach

Integrated Strategic Management for Drug Eradication: Insights from Undercover Buying Method at Mount Puyuh Police Substation

The relentless circulation of drugs within communities presents a pressing global challenge, necessitating precise eradication strategies. This study investigates the strategic management of drug eradication through the employment of the undercover buying method at the Mount Puyuh Police Substation. Drawing upon qualitative research methods including interviews, observations, and document analysis, this research delves into the integrated strategic management practices employed in combating drug abuse. Findings underscore the critical role of strategic management encompassing human resources, budgeting, and execution methods in the success of drug eradication operations. Through in-depth analysis, the effectiveness of the undercover buying method in gathering accurate intelligence and its impact on operational efficiency are elucidated. Discussion of these findings emphasizes the importance of integrated strategic management in drug eradication efforts, with practical implications including the development of more effective policies, targeted resource allocation, and enhanced public awareness campaigns. In conclusion, well-integrated strategic management holds the promise of achieving greater scale and effectiveness in drug eradication operations. The implications of this research highlight the ongoing need for refinement and advancement in sustainable drug eradication strategies

Sosialisai Produk Hukum Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika dan P4GN (Pencegahan, Pemberantasan, Penyalahgunaan dan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba) Dewan Pengurus Cabang Pengajian Ahad Wage Perempuan Bangsa Kota Kediri

Socialization of legal products in the form of Law No. 35 of 2009 on narcotics and socialization of P4GN (Prevention, eradication, abuse and illicit drug trafficking). This activity is a form of community service as an effort to know and understand the consequences of punishment for drug addicts, abuse and illicit drug trafficking contained in Law No. 35 of 2009 on narcotics. In order to prevent the eradication, abuse and illicit circulation of drugs that can harm, endanger the joint life of society, nation, and state. It requires knowledge, understanding related to the dangers of drugs. The form of this activity is the socialization of legal products in the form of socialization of Law No. 35 of 2009 on narcotics and socialization of P4GN (Prevention, eradication, abuse and illicit drug trafficking). This form of service activity provides an understanding to the community, about narcotics, narcotics precursors, production, import, export, illicit circulation of narcotics and Narcotics precursors, import and export approval letters, transportation, pharmaceutical wholesalers, narcotics transito, narcotics addicts, narcotics dependence, abusers, medical rehabilitation, social rehabilitation, conspiracy, wiretapping, organized crime, corporations and ministers. Participants of the socialization were mothers from the National Women's Branch Board of Kediri City. The purpose of this community service is to convey and provide understanding to mothers regarding the law on narcotics. Ensure narcotics security for the needs of health services and/or the development of Science and Technology, prevent, protect and save the Indonesian nation from narcotics abuse, eradicate illicit trafficking of narcotics and narcotics precursors. So Ibu2 as the first and main madrasah able to prevent early on the dangers of drugs for his family and the community around him. So that the realization of families and communities that Shine is clean from drugs.

Law Enforcement By Drugs Reserve Unit In Metro Resort Police Against Narcotics Abuse In Public Audience (Decision Number: 176/Pid.Sus/2021/Pn.Met)

The rise of narcotics abuse cases in Indonesia is currently increasingly troubling the community. Perpetrators of narcotics abuse are not only adults, even teenagers or parents are very many. The domino effect resulting from narcotics abuse is also increasingly diverse, and efforts to overcome narcotics abuse are steps that are not easy&#x0D; to implement. The problem in this study is how the efforts by the Metro Police Narcotics Investigation Unit and the inhibiting factors in law enforcement against perpetrators of narcotics abuse in the general public.Research method The research method uses a normative juridical approach and an empirical approach using secondary data and primary data, then a qualitative juridical data analysis is carried out. The results of the study show:&#x0D; (1) Law enforcement efforts by the Metro Police Drug Investigation Unit against perpetrators of narcotics abuse in the general public through preventive and repressive measures. (2) The inhibiting factors are the lack of coordination in the field and the limited personnel of drug investigators, the lack of supervision of the community for the prevention and eradication of drugs in the community, and the lack of facilities and infrastructure in the counseling and coaching process that support the prevention of drug crimes.Suggestions, awareness is needed from all parties, both from the government, society and the perpetrators themselves to be immediately aware of the dangers of narcotics abuse by holding and attending more frequent seminars, legal counseling and discussions regarding the dangers of narcotics.

Role of Law in Facing Asymmetric Warfare Through Illicit Drug Trafficking in Indonesia

Illicit drug trafficking is a global problem that spreads widely and causes extraordinary negative impacts. Illicit drug trafficking was be used as asymmetric warfare. The UN Convention of 1961 on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances sets the international standards for drug regulation, and in Indonesia it is governed by the Law No.35 of 2009 on Narcotics. This research uses qualitative analysis method, with data collection technique in the form of literature study. The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of law in asymmetric warfare through illicit drug trafficking. The results of this research shows that the role of law in asymmetric warfare through illicit drug trafficking is related to: first, drug eradication, law provides the legal basis for law enforcement to take action against illicit drug traffickers. Second, legal channel regulation, law can be used to regulate and control legal channels that are used to provide drugs needed for medical and research purposes. Third, international sanctions, law can be used to take action against countries or groups that are suspected of being involved in the drug trade. Fourth, rehabilitation and recovery, law can be used to provide legal basis for rehabilitation and recovery programs for drug victims, both individuals or society. However, as an asymmetric warfare, illegal drug trafficking is a complex issue that cannot be solved solely by relying on law. Cooperation between agencies and government, as well as community participation is needed to overcome it.

Strategi Komunikasi BNNK Tapanuli Selatan Dalam Pencegahan, Pemberantasan, Penyalahgunaan Dan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba (P4GN)

Abstract South Tapanuli BNNK as a vertical agency representing BNN in the South Tapanuli jurisdiction has tried to take concrete actions in dealing with this drug disaster, although with various limitations it has not been able to cover the wider community of South Tapanuli to socialize the dangers of drugs in order to prevent drug abuse which is increasingly concerning. . The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the Communication Strategy of the South Tapanuli BNNK in the Prevention, Eradication, and Drug Abuse (P4GN). This type of research is field research (Field Research). By using descriptive research methods, with qualitative data types. Descriptive research is research contained in the research problem. The representation is done by describing the symptoms as data or facts as they are. The communication strategy carried out by the South Tapanuli BNNK in the Prevention, Eradication, Abuse and Illicit Trafficking of Drugs with various strategies including first, redudency (Repeat Communication Messages) so that it is remembered by the public. The second Bonding is strengthening the relationship between the South Tapanuli BNNK and people who have been involved with drugs and anti-drug volunteers formed by the South Tapanuli BNNK, the third is Bridging bridging the community who are cases or affected by drugs to the rehabilitation party for treatment to improve the affected people. The fourth linking builds connectivity to all elements that have an interest in eradicating P4GN.Keywords: Strategy, Comunication, P4GN

Health education to the families of drug users: Establishing safe family conversations

This photo essay records a 5-hour health education session for the families of drug users in order to help them in establishing safe family conversations among the family members. After the discussion was over, the rundown included hospitality and dinner together. While enjoying the foods, the Panti residents joined the sharing session, and expressed their feelings missing their family and home. The residents want to connect hearts with their families. In the future, it is necessary to build a sustainable relationship for the success of the drug eradication program in our beloved country, Indonesia. Since the activity was held during the COVID-19 pandemic, the team also showed concern by providing masks to each participant.

Edukasi Pencegahan dan Penyalahgunaan Narkoba Bagi Anak dan Remaja di Desa Dumolodo dan Desa Ipilo Kecamatan Gentuma Raya

In this modern and sophisticated era, drugs have become a problem for many people across the globe. Drugs can spoil our mind, harm our body and soul, and inevitably threaten the future of the community. The use of drug use not only happen to adults but also adolescents and children. Dumolodo and Ipilo are villages located between 12 (twelve) villages in the Gentuma Raya Sub-District. Like other villages, the population of Dumolodo and Ipilo villages is dominated by children and adolescents who are prone to drug abuse (narcotics, alcohol, psychotropics and other addictive substances). In addition, Gentuma Raya Sub-district is a Trans Sulawesi road, of course, it is an area that is prone for narcotics to be spread. The Desa Bersinar (Bersih Narkoba) Community Service Program aims to build cooperation and synergy with the North Gorontalo Government to empower the community in P4GN efforts (Prevention, Eradication, Abuse, and Illicit Trafficking of Drugs) through the program of "Education on the Prevention of Drug Abuse for Children and Young Generation in Dumolodo and Ipilo Village, Gentuma Raya District, North Gorontalo Regency". Desa Bersinar Program which was launched in 2020 and has socialized by the North Gorontalo Government, requires community participation. Several activities have been successfully carried out through Desa Bersinar (Bersih Narkoba) Community Service Program such as, Community socialization, forming the of volunteer and intelligence teams, workshops, technical Guidance and mapping the prone area. This program conducted in various social-religious setting which involve community and youth organization to create Desa Bersinar at Dumolodo and Ipilo Village in North Gorontalo RegencyKeywords : narkoba, prevention, children and young generation

Rehabilitation And Execution Of The Death Penalty In Narcotics Offenses

Drug abuse, namely drugs, is a threat to the sovereignty of the nation and the state of drug eradication requires the role of all parties to narrow the movement of drug dealers who are still trying to market these illegal goods in indonesia. The regulation on narcotics crime and death penalty is very important in regulating the law for perpetrators of narcotics crime for the benefit of the sovereignty of the nation and state.In Indonesia today, the imposition of criminal sanctions in the form of capital punishment by a judge for perpetrators of narcotics is one of the policies adopted in Law No. 35 of 2009 on narcotics and cannot be separated from the criminal law norms adopted by criminal law so far, for example in Article 10 of the Criminal Code. Another thing in other parts of the world there is a significant development of narcotics users by taking depenalization actions against users aimed at replacing prison sanctions which are sometimes applied other criminal sanctions such as Social Work sanctions. The research method used is empirical juridical meaning is to identify and conceptualize the law as a real and functional social institution in a patterned life system. Meaning is to identify and conceptualize the law as a real and functional social institution in a patterned living system.

EXECUTION OF DEATH PENALTY IN NARCOTICS CRIME IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF NATIONAL LAW IN INDONESIA

The abuse of illegal drugs is a threat to the sovereignty of the nation and the state of drug eradication requires the role of all parties to narrow the movement of drug dealers who are still trying to market the illicit goods in indonesia. The regulation on narcotics crime and death penalty is very important in regulating the law for the perpetrators of narcotics crime for the sake of national and state sovereignty.In Indonesia today, the imposition of criminal sanctions in the form of a death penalty by a judge for perpetrators of narcotics is one of the policies adopted in Law No. 35 of 2009 on narcotics and cannot be separated from the criminal law norms adopted by the criminal law so far, for example in Article 10 of the Criminal Code. Another thing in the other world is that there is a significant development of narcotics users by taking depenalization actions against users that aim to replace prison sanctions that are sometimes applied to other criminal sanctions such as Social Work sanctions. The research method used is juridical empirical meaning is to identify and conceptualize the law as a real and functional social institution in a patterned living system.

The Role of Badan National Narcotics (BNN) in Conducting Law Enforcement and Drug Users

Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics in which it is regulated as well as legal sanctions, as well as things that are allowed. The purpose of this study is to understand and understand the implementation of the Role of the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) towards the Implementation of Drug Abuse Rehabilitation in The City of Gorontalo and to find out the Factors That Hinder the Implementation of Rehabilitation of Victims of Narcotics Abuse by the National Narcotics Agency (BNN). This research uses this type of empirical legal research. The results of this study show that the Role of the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) against victims of narcotics abuse by the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) is the first is to prevent, cure, socialize socialization carried out by the city of gorontalo to the community is still very less this is influenced by the budget of the state budget that does not accumulate and factors that hinder the implementation of rehabilitation of victims of narcotics abuse by the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) is harmonization of agencies must be achieved Budget constraints, low role and lack of facilities and infrastructure and lack of socialization. there are things that can hinder others but do not have significant impact as in the factors found if not met will slow the performance of law enforcement. The advice in this study is that the BNN Party maximizes socialization to the community because of the three roles of BNN socialization that has not run optimally and advice for the community and local governments and students can participate in drug eradication to achieve superior human resources.

STRATEGI PEMERINTAH GAMPONG DALAM PEMBERANTASAN NARKOBA (Studi Gampong Matang Peupanji Kecamatan Lhoksukon Kabupaten Aceh Utara)

Drug trafficking is still rampant in the jurisdiction of the Lhoksukon Police. Several sub-districts in the city center are often used as places for transactions for these illicit goods. This is where the function and strategy of the Matang Peupanji Government as a representative of the North Aceh Regency government apparatus, especially regarding the implementation of the right strategy in the field is here. The purpose of the study was to determine the strategy of the gampong government in eradicating drugs in Matang Peupanji, Lhoksukon District and to find out the obstacles or obstacles faced by the gampong government in its efforts to eradicate drugs. The research methodology is to use qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The results of the study obtained data that the strategy of the Matang Peupanji Government in its efforts to eradicate drugs was first by compiling the Qanun or Reusam Gampong Matang Peupanji. Then the second, the Government of Matang Peupanji formed an anti-drug task force and volunteers in the village which was fully supported by the Muspika. Furthermore, the third, the Government of Matang Peupanji also strengthens the environmental security system in its area. The conclusion is that a strategy will be implemented effectively if the formulation, manufacture and implementation in the field are supported by actors, organizations, procedures and techniques with adequate facilities and infrastructure and carried out in a timely manner. The suggestion is that the Matang Peupanji Government is expected to have a high commitment in implementing its strategy for drug eradication.

STRATEGI PEMERINTAH GAMPONG DALAM PEMBERANTASAN NARKOBA (Studi Gampong Matang Peupanji Kecamatan Lhoksukon Kabupaten Aceh Utara)

Drug trafficking is still rampant in the jurisdiction of the Lhoksukon Police. Several sub-districts in the city center are often used as places for transactions for these illicit goods. This is where the function and strategy of the Gampong Matang Peupanji Government as a representative of the North Aceh Regency government apparatus, especially regarding the implementation of the right strategy in the field is here. The purpose of the study was to determine the strategy of the gampong government in eradicating drugs in Gampong Matang Peupanji, Lhoksukon District and to find out the obstacles or obstacles faced by the gampong government in its efforts to eradicate drugs. The research methodology is to use qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The results of the study obtained data that the strategy of the Matang Peupanji Gampong Government in its efforts to eradicate drugs was first by compiling the Gampong Qanun or "Reusam Gampong" Matang Peupanji. Then the second, the Government of Gampong Matang Peupanji formed an anti-drug task force and volunteers in the village which was fully supported by the Muspika. Furthermore, the third, the Government of Gampong Matang Peupanji also strengthens the environmental security system in its area. The conclusion is that a strategy will be implemented effectively if the formulation, manufacture and implementation in the field are supported by actors, organizations, procedures and techniques with adequate facilities and infrastructure and carried out in a timely manner. The suggestion is that the Gampong Matang Peupanji Government is expected to have a high commitment in implementing its strategy for drug eradication.

The Pat Jasan drug eradication social movement in Northern Myanmar, part three: Legal pluralism & the challenge of everyday justice

This paper provides an overview of the activities of a large drug eradication movement called Pat Jasan in northern Myanmar. It will outline the different everyday justice systems available in the Myanmar borderlands to communities who are seeking to push forward a ‘solutions focused’ agenda to manage drug-related social problems. They have at their disposal a range of statutory, customary, and quasi-statutory-customary legal processes and instruments. However, a close analysis of everyday justice highlights the complex challenges posed in this contested borderland concerning how to address these issues through multiple, overlapping authorities. The paper shows how notions of legitimacy for drug related legal processes are constructed and the key role of brokers in this environment, who are vital in managing the dilemmas of governance and legal administration. It also touches upon emerging intergenerational and gendered tensions that serve to orientate ideological and political perspectives towards different outcomes as these systems are navigated. The complexity and sensitivity of the local everyday justice social field contrasts sharply with the debates conducted about Pat Jasan at a national and drugs policy reform level, in which these local actors are marginalized as disruptive and reactionary forces that work entirely outside the rule of law. The paper invites consideration of how national and international drug policy actors engage with such social movements, as well as how concerns about illicit drug use and supply within local communities provides a helpful tool of analysis for understanding other critical issues for sustainable development and peacebuilding.

The Pat Jasan drug eradication social movement in northern Myanmar, part two: Deep culture & cultural psychology

Pat Jasan emerged as a largescale popular social movement in the Kachin region of northern Myanmar in 2014, with the objective of eradicating illicit drug production and consumption from the region. It has since been heavily criticized for its methods and opposition to harm reduction initiatives. The purpose of this paper is to understand better the cultural and psychological response to worsening drug issues that underpin the rise of Pat Jasan as a mass social movement. The paper contextualises two ways in which Pat Jasan frames the local drugs crisis: first, the sense of existential threat posed by drug related social harms; and second, the belief that ‘all’ Kachin households are negatively impacted by these harms. We outline the underpinning ideological beliefs upon which these frames rest. We discuss how even though non-Christian beliefs and practices have largely disappeared, they remain layered within the deep culture of attitudes towards drug use and how best to deal with the community-level harms that are believed to be created by such behaviours. Critically, the paper also draws attention to the largely unrecognized involvement of women as mobilizing forces of the Pat Jasan movement and how the movement leveraged popular feeling at a critical moment in the region's political history.

The Pat Jasan drug eradication social movement in Northern Myanmar, part one: Origins & reactions

This commentary provides an introduction to the origins and emergence of Pat Jasan, a social movement that emerged amongst the Kachin population of northern Myanmar in response to a perceived crisis of illicit drug production and consumption. Although frequently presented as a case of drug vigilantism, we seek move beyond this stereotype by providing a granular account of the historical, political, and cultural conditions that lay the ground for the movement's emergence. Pat Jasan arose in the context of intersecting crises linked to protracted armed violence, extractive development and the ‘slow violence’ associated with widespread drug use. It was a response to a perceived vacuum of policing and the limitations of internationally supported harmed reduction measures to recognize or address the magnitude of the problem. Taking seriously the socially embedded foundations of the Pat Jasan movement provides an entry point for exploring how notions of harm reduction are constructed and understood locally and how movements like Pat Jasan emerge in response to societal concerns surrounding drugs.

Beyond the narco frontier; rethinking an imaginary of the margins

The ‘narco-frontier’ is frequently invoked in policy and popular narratives about drugs and armed conflict. The frontier is represented as an unruly, marginal and ‘ungoverned’ space, a magnate for drug traffickers, rebels and migrants. These ‘non state’ or ‘anti state’ spaces are believed to have a comparative advantage in illegality, with borderlands and frontiers becoming centres for the production, consumption and trafficking of illicit drugs. Linked to this representation is a policy narrative and set of assumptions that statebuilding, peacebuilding, development and counter narcotics policies are mutually reinforcing, and involve the extension of a state presence into these frontier zones, along with effective drug eradication, substitution and development activities. In spite of the evident inaccuracy of this portrayal of the ‘narco-frontier’ the imaginary is extremely resilient and continues to be reflected and reinforced in policy texts and narratives. This paper asks why has this been the case. What ideological work does the imaginary perform and for whom? And what are the implications of an alternative imaginary of the margins?

Urbanorum spp.: first case report in pediatrics in Brazil

Report of the first case of Urbanorum spp. in pediatrics in Brazil, a rare parasite, little described in the literature. It was found in a parasitological examination of feces performed by the method Ritchie/Hoffmann requested in the laboratory routine of a 2 years old male child, in an outpatient care attendance in 2018, treated with Albendazol 400mg for 5 days. This present study reveals the importance of further investigations on the parasite just described in the Brazilian literature, in order to study its possible pathogenicity and consequent drug eradication.