Drug Carrier Material Research Articles

Preparation and Evaluation of Stability and Acute Oral Toxicity of a Drug Delivery System Combining MIL‐100(Fe) with Chloroquine Phosphate

AbstractMetal‐organic framework materials (MOFs) are highly porous and are the subject of growing interest among scientists globally for their utilization in drug delivery. In this work, iron‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) MIL‐100(Fe) were synthesized by ultrasonic method and studied for the loading of the chloroquine phosphate (CQP). The CQP‐release behavior of the material was investigated in water media with various pH solutions of 1.2, 2, 4.5, and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) at temperatures of 25 °C to 45 °C. MIL‐100(Fe) material had a high surface area of up to 1080 m2/g and could completely release the CQP at a pH of 1.2 after 25 hours. At other pH conditions, the drug exhibited an initial rapid release, followed by a gradual slowdown, ultimately achieving complete release after 96 hours. The maximal loading capacity for the CQP by the MIL‐100(Fe) was determined to be approximately 30 % at the pH solution of 2 (stomach environment). The findings from the activity assessment against the K1 malaria parasite strain (P. falciparum) indicated that the concentration at which the active ingredient, when carried by the material, exhibited inhibition was 193 nM/L. The evaluation outcomes for acute toxicity of the drug carrier material revealed an LD50 value exceeding 5000 mg/kg (equivalent to 1500 mg of CQP base). In contrast, when using the active substance alone, acute toxicity resulted in an LD50 value of 675 mg/kg.

Preparation, characterization, and liver targeting evaluation of a novel sustained-release brucine self-assembled micelle mediated by glycyrrhetinic acid.

Background: Cancer is a serious threat to human life, health and social development. In recent years, nanomicelles, as an emerging drug carrier material, have gradually entered people's field of vision because of their advantages of improving bioavailability, maintaining drug levels, reducing systemic side effects and increasing drug accumulation at target sites. Methods: In this study, B-GPSG nano-micelles were prepared by film dispersion hydration method using brucine as model drug and glycyrrhetinic acid-polyethylene glycol-3-methylene glycol-dithiodipropionic acid-glycerol monostearate polymer as nano-carrier. The preparation process, characterization, drug release in vitro, pharmacokinetics and liver targeting were investigated. Results: The results showed that the range of particle size, polydispersion index and Zeta potential were 102.7 ± 1.09nm, 0.201 ± 0.02 and -24.5 ± 0.19mV respectively. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading were 83.79 ± 2.13% and 12.56 ± 0.09%, respectively. The drug release experiments in vitro and pharmacokinetic experiments showed that it had obvious sustained release effect. For pharmacokinetics study, it shows that both the B-GPSG solution group and the B-PSG solution group changed the metabolic kinetic parameters of brucine, but the B-GPSG solution group had a better effect. Compared with the B-PSG solution group, the drug was more prolonged in rats. The half-life in the body and the retention time in the body of B-GPSG are more helpful to improve the bioavailability of the drug and play a long-term effect. The tail vein injection results of mice indicate that B-GPSG can target and accumulate brucine in the liver without affecting other key organs. Cell uptake experiments and tissue distribution experiments in vivo show that glycyrrhetinic acid modified nano-micelles can increase the accumulation of brucine in hepatocytes, has a good liver targeting effect, and can be used as a new preparation for the treatment of liver cancer. Conclusion: The B-SPSG prepared in this experiment can provide a new treatment method and research idea for the treatment of liver cancer.

Fabrication and physicochemical investigation of pH-responsive alginate/pectin hybrid network hydrogel for improved stability and controlled release of diallyl thiosulfinate

The present investigation explores the formulation and fabrication of alginate-pectin (with varying degree of methoxylation) hybrid network hydrogel beads through ionotropic gelation process as a biocompatible carrier material for encapsulating diallyl thiosulfinate (allicin). The primary aspiration of this research is to overcome allicin's inherent instability which restricts its use in functional food fortification and medicinal products as a bioactive compound with several intriguing health-promoting characteristics. Fabrication of the beads were done through structured parameter optimization. Chemical interaction between allicin and biopolymer matrix was assessed by FTIR-ATR. The ARGE entrapped hydrogel beads had a near spherical shape with sphericity factor ∼1.0 with an average diameter of ∼3.5 mm in the hydrated state (density ∼1.06 g/cm3). The beads showed encapsulation efficiency of ∼70.8 %. The beads efficaciously reduced degradation (<5 %) and stabilized ampule amount of allicin for a prolonged time. Various physicochemical characterizations of the produced beads were done. Further, in vitro release kinetics of allicin from beads were observed in simulated gastrointestinal environment and it showed a sustained release pattern. The release behavior of allicin exhibited a higher release at intestinal pH (∼88 %) than stomach pH (∼35 %). The formulation expressed commendable antimicrobial activity against gram positive and negative bacteria in both solid and liquid media. Moreover, the encapsulation process retained significant antioxidant potential (>60 %). Anti-inflammatory and hemolysis assay expressed admirable biocompatibility. Hence, the results suggest that the fabricated formulation is suitable for being a drug carrier material for allicin while accentuating its aptitude for upholding hemocompatibility, allicin’s concentration, sustained release and bioactivity.

Manganese Dioxide Nanoplatform with a Hollow Rhombic Dodecahedron Morphology for Drug Delivery.

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is considered as a promising drug carrier material suitable for the tumor microenvironment while lacking conducive structures for drug loading. Herein, we construct a MnO2 nanoplatform with a hollow rhombic dodecahedral morphology for drug delivery. In this work, we obtained zeolitic imidazolate framework nanoparticles (ZIF-90 NPs) via a coordination reaction. Furthermore, the drug-loading nanoparticles (ZIF-90/DOX NPs) were obtained by Schiff's base reaction and then selected as a sacrificial template to obtain the hollow nanoplatforms (ZIF-90@MnO2 NPs). Moreover, the photothermal effect and multiresponsive drug release behaviors were revealed by loading the photothermal agent IR-820 and the anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). Our study demonstrates that the ZIF-90@MnO2 NPs loaded with photosensitizers exhibited excellent photothermal conversion performance. Benefiting from the hollow structure and redox activity, remarkable drug loading and release performances of ZIF-90@MnO2 NPs were achieved. It is shown that ZIF-90@MnO2 NPs achieved a satisfactory drug-loading efficiency (up to ca. 69.7%) for DOX. More promisingly, the ZIF-90@MnO2 NPs exhibited significant glutathione (GSH)/pH-responsive drug release and degradation performances. Overall, this work highlights the potential of controlled drug release of nanocarriers and offers unique insights into the design of nanocarriers with hollow structures.

Twisted-chiral mesoporous silica from coconut husk waste designed for high-performance drug uptake and sustained release

With an annual production of 2.81 million tons, the coconut husk is an essential source of silica. Various advantages of silica as a drug carrier make it one of the most developed materials in drug delivery applications. To improve the drug delivery performance of a material, twisted chirality is also classified as a critical factor because the pharmacological activity depends on the interaction of the drug with the drug carrier material in the target area. In this study, the coconut husk-based mesoporous silica (MS) can be synthesized through a calcination and sol-gel method. With the help of anionic surfactant, MS is successfully modified to have a twisted-chiral structure (CMS). CMS is characterized by twisted rod-like morphology at a size of 1–2 μm, with a helical arrangement (mixed with the beta-sheet and random coil conformations). CMS's surface area and pore volume are obtained at 288.3 m2/g and 0.614 cm3/g, with an average pore size of 7.63 nm. The maximum adsorption of tetracycline (506.5 mg/g) is reached at pH = 4, with the initial concentration of tetracycline at 400 mg/g, temperature of 323 K, and adsorption time of 600 min. The loading of tetracycline follows the pseudo-first-order model with a monolayer mechanism. The bulk migration of tetracycline from the solution into the surface of CMS is deemed the primary adsorption mechanism. The in-vitro release study of tetracycline at pH = 7.4 follows the slow-sustained release model with the cumulative release at 72.3 %, showing better release performance compared with the common MS.

Cyclodextrin metal-organic framework@SiO2 nanocomposites for poorly soluble drug loading and release.

The development of non-toxic drug carrier materials with high loading capacity, sustained release properties, stability, and biocompatibility holds significant medical value and potential for loading and releasing poorly soluble drugs. In this study, we synthesized a biocompatible, non-toxic, environmentally friendly CD-MOF porous material with high specific surface area and tunable structure. By incorporating SiO2 to enhance the stability of MOF materials, the synthesized CD-MOF@SiO2 material shows promising applications in drug delivery. The obtained CD-MOF@SiO2 nanocomposite was utilized as a carrier for the poorly soluble drug, folic acid. Characterization of the drug-loaded composite before and after drug loading was performed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, and X-ray diffraction analyses, showing improved stability as indicated by thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry data. UV spectrophotometry was used to investigate the loading and sustained release of folic acid under different conditions in PBS buffer, demonstrating that the well-structured CD-MOF@SiO2 material exhibits high drug loading and controllable release properties. The CD-MOF@SiO2 achieved a high drug loading efficiency (166.78%) and encapsulation rate (83.39%) for folic acid, leading to a significant increase in apparent solubility from 1.6 μg mL-1 in its free form to 21.74 mg mL-1, a 13 588-fold expansion. This work presents a novel, efficient, and highly valuable approach for the development of carrier materials for loading and releasing poorly soluble drugs.

Synthesis of poly(Oak bark) particles from oak bark extract and its utilization as a drug carrier material

AbstractAs oak bark extract includes pharmaceutically meaningful precious biochemicals such as vanillic acid, quercetin, catechin, caffeic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, q‐coumaric and protocatechuic acid, the present study focuses on synthesizing polymeric particles from that extract while keeping their targeted natural bioactivity. In this study, due to the bioavailability of oak bark extracts, poly(Oak bark)water extract (p(OB)w), poly(Oak bark)ethanol extract (p(OB)e) and poly(Oak bark)water‐ethanol extract (p(OB)we) particles were synthesized using redox polymerization method. Additionally, the biocompatibility, hydrogen peroxide scavenging (H2O2), antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of these substances were investigated. The characterization of the synthesized particles was conducted by FTIR and SEM methods. It was determined that even low amounts of particles (1 mg) had high antioxidant and H2O2 activity. It was found that the particles (0.1 mg/mL) showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans within the parameters tested for antimicrobial activity. Paracetamol, which is widely used as a model drug and especially recommended for use in the Covid‐19 outbreak, was chosen to test the release potential of the p(OB)w, p(OB)e and p(OB)w‐e particles. Paracetamol release studies were measured with a UV‐VIS spectrophotometer at pH 7.4 and 37°C.

Design of Poly(lactic) acid/gelatin core-shell bicomponent systems as a potential wound dressing material

The electrospun core-shell nanofiber has great many advantages such as different types of solvents that can be used for changing flexibility, mechanical properties, or surface chemistry of fiber. Hydrophobic Poly(lactic) acid (PLA) and hydrophilic gelatin (Gel) were electrospun by various preparation conditions to design perfect bicomponent PLA:Gel nanofiber in a core-shell structure. Solvent types, the concentration of polymeric components, flow rate, and voltage of the electrospinning process were changed to optimization of nanofiber. According to the SEM images, the best nanofiber structure without beads was obtained at 0.4 ml/h flow rate of PLA solution and 1.2 ml/h flow rate of Gel solution at 45:55 (w:w %) weight ratio of PLA:Gel in trifluoroethanol solvent with a 10 kV voltage at 10 cm distance to the collector. From the TEM images, the existence of the core-shell structure had been proved which all prepared nanofibers with 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol solvent. Furthermore, contact angle measurements showed a change in wettability when the Gel amount was increased. Therefore, the mildest synthesis conditions were determined for bicomponent PLA:Gel core-shell nanofibers as a potential wound dressing and dual drug carrier materials.

Therapeutic Copolymer from Salicylic Acid and l-Phenylalanine as a Nanosized Drug Carrier for Orthotopic Breast Cancer with Lung Metastasis.

Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery systems are promising for treating various diseases. However, clinical translation has been delayed by a variety of limitations, such as weak drug loading, nonspecific drug leakage, lack of bioactivity, and short blood circulation. These issues are in part due to the unsatisfactory function of biomaterials for nanocarriers. In addition, the synthesis procedures of drug carrier materials, especially polymers, were usually complicated and led to high cost. In this report, a bioactive copolymer of hydroxy acid and amino acid, poly(salicylic acid-co-phenylalanine) (PSP), was developed for the first time via a one-step rapid and facile synthesis strategy. The PSP could self-assemble into NPs (PSP-NPs) to co-load relatively hydrophilic sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor (PF543 in HCl salt format) and highly hydrophobic paclitaxel (PTX) to form PF543/PTX@PSP-NPs with efficient dual drug loading. Encouragingly, PF543/PTX@PSP-NPs showed long blood circulation, good stability, and high tumor accumulation, leading to significantly enhanced therapeutic effects on breast cancer. Furthermore, PF543/PTX@PSP-NPs could additionally suppress the lung metastasis of breast cancer, and more importantly, the PSP-NPs themselves as therapeutic nanocarriers also showed an anti-breast cancer effect. With these combined advantages, this new polymer and corresponding NPs will provide valuable insights into the development of new functional polymers and nanomedicines for important diseases.

Stabilization of Essential Oil: Polysaccharide-Based Drug Delivery System with Plant-like Structure Based on Biomimetic Concept.

Essential oils (EOs) have stability problems, including volatility, oxidation, photosensitivity, heat sensitivity, humidity sensitivity, pH sensitivity, and ion sensitivity. A drug delivery system is an effective way to stabilize EOs, especially due to the protective effect of polymeric drug carriers. Polysaccharides are frequently employed as drug carrier materials because they are highly safe, come in a variety of forms, and have plentiful sources. Interestingly, the EO drug delivery system is based on the biomimetic concept since it corresponds to the structure of plant tissue. In this paper, we associate the biomimetic plant-like structures of the EO drug delivery system with the natural forms of EO in plant tissues, and summarize the characteristics of polysaccharide-based drug carriers for EO protection. Thus, we highlight the research progress on polysaccharides and their modified materials, including gum arabic, starch, cellulose, chitosan, sodium alginate, pectin, and pullulan, and their use as biomimetic drug carriers for EO preparations due to their abilities and potential for EO protection.

Design of experiments as a strategy for modulating the colloidal stability, physico-chemical properties and drug-delivery potential of small mesoporous silica nanoparticles

The synthesis of highly stable small mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SMSN) in colloid dispersions is still challenging for biomedical applications. This study is focus on the successfully synthesis and formulation of porous, highly dispersed and colloidal stable SMSN via the soft–templating method. This study reports how the differences in synthesis variables, namely, temperature, amount of triethylamine (TEA) and/or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) influence the morphology and textural properties of SMSN. The analysis of the particle size, surface area, pore size, pore volume, zeta potential, and colloidal stability (represent by absorbance decreasing rate) show that temperature is the most influential factor governing the preparation of SMSN. The optimal conditions found for the synthesis of these nanoparticles were 50 °C, using a molar ratio between TEA and CTAB (3.5971: 1). Therefore, our study shows interesting insights on the effect of each variable to control the morphology and properties of small MSN for the design of this kind of nanoparticulated systems, therefore, giving valuable data to be considered for the future construction of tailor-made effective drug carrier materials.

Preparation and Characterization of Targeted Drug Carrier Materials Poly-β-Cyclodextrin-PEG-Folate Acid

Preparation and Characterization of Targeted Drug Carrier Materials Poly-β-Cyclodextrin-PEG-Folate Acid

Multi salt strategy based on curcumin pyrimidine derivatives prodrugs: Synthesis, biological activity, in vitro and in vivo imaging, and drug distribution research

Herein, a feasible strategy to enhance the water solubility of potential anti-tumor drugs was utilized, which was to combine hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid into its molecules. In order to increase drug targeting, three different types of Eudragit® (stomach soluble, enteric soluble and permeable) was used to encapsulate these two salt under mild reaction conditions to obtain six kinds of nano polymer complexes. In order to simulate the gastrointestinal environment, spectroscopic tests were conducted on nanoparticles in PBS buffer solutions with different pH values. The micromorphology of the six complexes was analyzed by TEM. The results showed that the potential drugs were uniformly dispersed in the drug carrier materials, and the particle size was 100–500 nm. The Zeta potential test showed that the complexes had positive stability. The confocal microscope imaging experiments were carried out in different channels of HCT-116 and LO2 cells. The results showed that the complexes had favorable biocompatibility and imaging properties. The calculation of Pearson coefficient showed that some complexes could enter the nucleus. The cell proliferation toxicity test (CCK8) experiment and the TEM experiment of cell uptake localization showed that the complex had definite anti-tumor activity and low cytotoxicity, and the distribution of the complexes was detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm. In vivo imaging experiment, strong fluorescence intensity of the compounds was detected in the subcutaneous tumor tissue of mice. The release of six compounds had the potential of slow and controlled release, and could be well targeted to the stomach of mice. Therefore, potential salt curcumin derivatives are ideal potential anti-tumor prodrugs, and the resulting nanoparticles are suitable for delivery in organisms.

Therapeutic Effect of Triptolide Polymer Mesoscale Nanoparticles on Diabetic Nephropathy Mice

Triptolide (TP) has potential adoption value in the treatment of nephropathy, but its poor water solubility causes toxicity and side effects to various degrees in the kidney, liver, and other organs. In this research, TP-mesoscale nanoparticles (TP-MNPs) were synthesized by the amide reaction of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and methoxy polyethylene glycol amine (mPEG-NH2) as drug carrier materials. The structure of TP-MNPs was characterized by 1H NMR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and zeta potential using a nanoparticle potential analyzer. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) was utilized to determine the content of TP in TP-MNPs and calculate the entrapment rate (ER) and drug loading (DL) of TP-MNPs. The cytotoxicity of TP-MNPs was detected by CCK8. Eight mice were enrolled in Blank group (no treatment), and the other 24 model group animals were rolled into model group (DM), TP group (TP intervention), and TP-MNP group (TP-MNPs intervention) randomly, with eight mice in each group. The urine protein content, serum albumin (Alb), blood glucose (Glu), creatinine (Cre), total cholesterol (TCHO), and triglyceride (TG) contents of mice in various groups after intervention were compared. The results revealed that average diameter of MNPs was (379.6±26.44) nm, that of TP-MNPs was (424.3±56.29) nm, and average zeta potentials of TP, MNPs, and TP-MNPs were (−28.29±3.85) mV, (−15.51±1.79) mV, and (−13.45±1.81) mV, respectively. The curve changed with TP concentration. With increasing TP concentration, the ER of TP-MNPs decreased drastically, and the DL demonstrated a drastic upward trend. Furthermore, the cell activities of HK-2, NRK-52E, LO2, and AML-12 treated with TP-MNPs were higher versus TP group (P &lt;0.05). Urine protein content, body weight, renal index, serum Glu, TCHO, and TG content in the DM group were markedly superior to Blank group (P &lt;0.001), while urine protein content in TP-MNP group was considerably inferior to the DM group (P &lt;0.01). Alb and Cre in the serum of mice in DM group were substantially lower versus Blank group (P &lt;0.01), while those in TP group were lower than Blank group (P &lt;0.05). Alb and Cre in TP-MNP group were superior to DM group (P &lt;0.05). In summary, TP-MNPs prepared in this research had ideal biocompatibility, could effectively improve urinary protein, body weight, renal index, and serum biochemical indexes caused by DM, and had a certain therapeutic effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice.

Mechanism of Cross-Linking, Self-Assembly, Controlled Release, and Applications of Nanogels in Drug Delivery System

Drug delivery system has been very important for achieving the last goal of precision medicine, also, among various drug carrier materials, nanogel is considered a promising one. Nanogels are a kind of material that have been proven very effective and specialized on targeted controlled release of drugs in medical therapies. Many researches and applications have used nanogels as an efficient drug carrier through its properties of loading and high capacity, and very high future expectations has been given to this material as a future idealized material in nano medical areas. This paper mainly discusses the key features of the nanogels including degradability and high drug capacity, as well as the mechanism of cross- linking mechanism and self assembly of nanogels in both physical and chemical ways. In addition, this paper explains how nanogels can carry different drugs and control-release the drug under different stimuli to aim the goal at targeted drugs delivery. Finally current research situations and future expectations of this topic are also proposed.

Therapeutic effect of imatinib-loaded hydrogels on leukemia by inhibiting excessive apoptosis of white blood cells

Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) refers to a malignant proliferative disease of the bone marrow characterized by abnormalities of multipotent stem cells on the Philadelphia chromosome and accounts for approximately 20% of all leukemias. Imatinib is widely used in the treatment of CML patients because of its unique mechanism of action and high specificity. In this study, imatinib-loaded hydrogels were prepared from the natural polysaccharide hyaluronic acid and carboxymethyl chitosan. SEM results showed that the hydrogels had a macroporous structure with interconnected pores inside. CCK-8 results indicated that the hydrogels could significantly reduce the viability of leukocytes. In addition, the hydrogel increased the expression of BCL-2 with increasing dose and is promising to be used as a drug carrier material for leukemia treatment.

Treatment activity of mitomycin-loaded hydrogels on lung cancer by inhibiting the proliferation of the cancer cells

Lung cancer is currently the most common malignant tumor and most lethal cancer worldwide, posing a serious threat to human life and health. Mitomycin has been widely used in the clinical treatment of malignant tumors owing to its strong antitumor effects. In this study, hyaluronic acid/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels loaded with mitomycin were prepared by chemical synthesis. The SEM results showed that the hydrogels had a 3D interoperable porous structure, which facilitates drug loading. Biological experiments showed that the mitomycin-loaded hydrogels remarkably reduced the viability of cancer cells and inhibited the activation of the VEGF signaling pathway in cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the hydrogels are expected to be used as a drug carrier material for lung cancer treatment.

Application Value of Antibiotic-Loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres on Skin Soft Tissue Necrosis and Repair

Skin soft tissue necrosis has always been a common problem in trauma surgery, with long treatment cycles and many complications for patients. Therefore, the development of new treatment modalities is an urgent issue. In this study, PLGA microspheres loaded with antibiotic were prepared by emulsification-solvent evaporation method, with high sphericity and size mainly concentrated in 2.56–5.4 μm. The PLGA/antibiotic microspheres have high drug loading and encapsulation rates, and they could achieve long-term release in vitro. Real-time RT-PCR results showed that the PLGA/antibiotic microspheres have an activating effect on the VEGF signaling pathway in skin soft tissue. In addition, they reduced the amounts of inflammatory factors released into the tissue exudate, thus expected to be used as a drug carrier material for skin soft tissue repair.

Zinc(II) Carboxylate Coordination Polymers with Versatile Applications.

This review considers the applications of Zn(II) carboxylate-based coordination polymers (Zn-CBCPs), such as sensors, catalysts, species with potential in infections and cancers treatment, as well as storage and drug-carrier materials. The nature of organic luminophores, especially both the rigid carboxylate and the ancillary N-donor bridging ligand, together with the alignment in Zn-CBCPs and their intermolecular interaction modulate the luminescence properties and allow the sensing of a variety of inorganic and organic pollutants. The ability of Zn(II) to act as a good Lewis acid allowed the involvement of Zn-CBCPs either in dye elimination from wastewater through photocatalysis or in pathogenic microorganism or tumor inhibition. In addition, the pores developed inside of the network provided the possibility for some species to store gaseous or liquid molecules, as well as to deliver some drugs for improved treatment.

Phosphazene-based nanostructures modified with gold nanoparticles as drug and gene carrier materials with antibacterial and antifungal properties

In this study, monodisperse spherical particles were synthesized by using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and 1-(2-Aminoethyl) piperazine (AEP) by the polycondensation reaction. Then, the surfaces of the synthesized nanospheres were functionalized with gold nanoparticles. Phz-AEP nanospheres and phz-AEP@Au nanocomposite were characterized by various methods. Drug release studies for the synthesized phz-AEP and phz-AEP@Au nanospheres were performed using a ribonucleic acid (RNA) and sodium diclofenac (NaDc). As a result of the release studies, the drug release kinetics of the nanospheres were investigated. Additionally, the antibacterial and antifungal effects of the synthesized phz-AEP and phz-AEP@Au nanocomposite spheres were tested.