Drivers Of Well-being Research Articles

Work-family policies and perceived organisational support as drivers of well-being and satisfaction among employees in the tourism industry

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of accessible work-family policies (WFP) and organisational support on job satisfaction mediated by employee well-being. Furthermore, it examined whether these relationships differed depending on employees’ gender and family responsibilities. The study involved 568 participants employed in the Spanish tourism industry, including front-line workers and managerial staff, with a similar proportion of male and female employees, nearly half of whom had family responsibilities. The valid questionnaires were analyzed using the PLS-SEM technique. The results highlighted the importance of organisational support and the accessibility of WFP in determining satisfaction in the workplace. While WFP accessibility had a residual effect, organisational support had a more substantial impact on overall satisfaction. Moreover, emotional and physical well-being (EWB, PWB) were crucial factors that directly influenced job satisfaction and mediated the relationship. The study revealed that family responsibilities and gender significantly shaped the relationships between organisational support, WFP accessibility, EWB, and PWB.

Exploring factors associated with student wellbeing in the United Arab Emirates: PISA 2018

Interest in how to promote student wellbeing in schools is growing. Research shows that some drivers of wellbeing are universal, but others are country-specific. No prior study has investigated this question in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where geographic, socio-demographic and school type differences in student wellbeing are substantial. We address this gap by using multilevel regression to analyse data from the PISA 2018 study. Our focus is on life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, meaning and purpose in life, and mental health symptoms of internalizing difficulties. We find large school effects on student wellbeing, the second largest school effects out of 56 countries. School resources are of little importance, whereas factors related to time use, social connections, health and body image, positive school climate, and feelings around school and education are important correlates. These factors help explain a substantial part of the wellbeing inequalities observed across types of schools in the UAE.

Drivers of Well-Being and Burnout in Anesthesiology Residents.

With more than 50% of anesthesiology residents reporting burnout, many residency programs have begun creating wellness programs to address burnout and promote well-being. However, to date, many wellness initiatives have focused on individual strategies rather than systems approaches to improve the learning environment. Individual-focused interventions in the absence of systematic efforts can lead to resentment, resistance, and worsening burnout and precipitate a loss of trust in leadership and the organization. Here, we describe a process to engage anesthesiology residents, who are key stakeholders, by exploring their perspectives on burnout and well-being to better inform systematic interventions to improve the clinical work and learning environments. We conducted semistructured interviews with second- and third-year clinical anesthesia residents at the University of California, San Francisco, using the areas of worklife model as sensitizing concepts. We conducted a thematic analysis on transcribed interviews grounded in constructivist orientation. We identified the following 3 major categories of themes based on interviews with 10 residents: (1) definition of well-being, (2) challenges to well-being, and (3) strategies for coping with challenges and burnout. Challenges described by anesthesiology residents align with the areas of the worklife model, with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic precipitating additional threats in the domains of workload and community. Anesthesiology residents' definition of well-being includes both individual (resilience) and systemic (meaning in work, job autonomy, and control) factors, reaffirming that positive work and learning environments are critical to professional well-being.

A new scale assessing the stressors and rewards of children’s hospice work

BackgroundThere is a workforce shortage in the children’s hospice sector, but there has been little research on the specific challenges of working in this setting and on how these challenges might be alleviated. To identify appropriate interventions to improve staff wellbeing, the drivers of wellbeing in children’s hospices need to be known and measured. This paper reports on the development of two measures, one for work-related rewards and one for work-related stressors, for use in children’s hospice care teams.MethodsA mixed-methods, four-stage study; the first three phases focused on the development of the scales, and the last stage focused on the validation of the scales. Participants of all stages were children’s hospice care team staff members in the UK. Stage 1: survey assessing the relevance and comprehensiveness of the original scale items (N = 60); Stages 2 (focus groups; N = 16) and 3 (cognitive interviews; N = 14) to assess content validity; Stage 4: UK-wide survey (N = 414) to validate the final version of the new, children’s hospice-specific scales using Rasch Analysis (RA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).ResultsDue to poor fitting indices shown in the results from the RA, five items (out of 36) were removed from the new rewards scale used in the UK-wide survey and 20 (out of 62) were removed from the new stressors scale. CFA also supported the removal of the items and showed a one-factor structure for the rewards scale and a three-factor structure for the stressors scale were adequate—the sub-scales for the stressors scale related to caring for an ill or dying child (“Child” sub-scale), working with parents and families (“Parent” sub-scale), and stressors related to organisational factors, such as team conflict and workload (“Organisation” sub-scale).ConclusionsBoth of the new scales showed good psychometric properties and can be useful in clinical settings and research to assess the perceived intensity of the work-related rewards and stressors for children’s hospice staff.

Life Conditions as Mediators of Welfare State Effect on Mental Wellbeing among Oldest Old in Europe.

Background: Mental wellbeing is formed by our daily environments, which are, in turn, influenced by public policies, such as the welfare state. This paper looks at how different aspects of life conditions may mediate the welfare state effect on mental wellbeing in oldest old age. Methods: Data were extracted from Round 6 of the European Social Survey (2012). The dataset comprised of 2058 people aged 80 years and older from 24 countries. Mediation analyses determined possible links between the welfare state, including eleven intervening variables representing life conditions and five mental wellbeing dimensions. Results: Our study confirms that the higher the level of welfare state, the better mental wellbeing, irrespective of dimension. Although several life conditions were found to mediate the welfare state effect on mental wellbeing, subjective general health, coping with income and place in society were the most important intervening variables. Conclusions: All three variables centre around supporting autonomy in the oldest old age. By teasing out how the welfare state influences mental wellbeing in the oldest old, we can better understand the many drivers of wellbeing and enable evidence informed age-friendly policy making.

Marine Sites and the Drivers of Wellbeing: Ecosystem vs. Anthropic Services

Coastal sites offer a range of services that contribute to human wellbeing. While some of the services are entirely human-made (e.g., parasol and sunbed rental), others are produced thanks to the contribution of marine ecosystems (e.g., water clarity). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the preferences of a sample of beachgoers for these two categories of services that policymakers have to balance when designing management strategies for coastal sites. We consider a marine site in the north of Italy that partially falls within the boundaries of a protected area but that is characterized by a medium-to-high level of anthropization. The results of a discrete choice experiment show that in the current state of things, the ecosystem services proposed for the sample have, on average, a higher marginal utility, suggesting that actions increasing those services have a larger effect on well-being.

Medical resilience and morality: a survey study on the opinions and actions of exemplary family physicians

BackgroundStudies conducted to understand how family doctors develop resilience and deal with the challenges posed by work-related stress, usually have focused on identifying the elements that generate resilience from psychological perspectives and their impact on coping strategies. Few have explored the role that personal qualities and values that traditionally motivate family physicians can play as drivers of well-being and resilience.ObjectivesTo explore attributes that exemplary family physicians (EFP) consider important for their work and the elements that, for them, are source of gratification and resources in the face of the adversities they encounter in their practice.MethodsThis is an exploratory study carried out by online survey. Eighty six doctors regarded as exemplary by their colleagues answered 7 close and 4 open-ended questions that explored their job satisfaction, the elements of their work that reward them, the difficulties and problems they usually encounter, the resources they use to cope with those problems, and the personal qualities they consider central to their work. Four researchers conducted a thematic (deductive and inductive) analysis of the free text responses received. Based on the results obtained, and through an iterative discussion process, the researchers proposed an integrated set of qualities at the core of their professionalism.Results88.4% (76) of the doctors said they were satisfied with their work. However, they face problems (202 comments), including demanding patients, insensitive managers with unshared interests/care goals, excessive paperwork, work overload, or time pressures. Sources of gratification point to personal identity; clinical, relational, and collaborative efficiency; a holistic and comprehensive practice (centred on individuals); and a continuous search for excellence (149) and the root of their resources (135). These elements, in turn, corresponded to the attributes considered essential for the practice of family medicine (131).ConclusionsFor EFPs, certain professional values give meaning to their clinical practice and are a source of well-being and resources. This central focus on professional values and qualities can help for better understand the burnout nature and expand the type of action that promotes resilience. Further studies using a less structured qualitative research will be needed to confirm/expand these results.

Smart Tourism Destinations from the Perspective of Travelers with Disability

This study elaborates a theoretical structure regarding the drivers of well-being and the conditions under which it is achieved by travelers with disabilities (TwDs) in a smart tourism destination (STD). The grounded theory was applied in the research. The focused coding revealed 65 codes distributed among 14 categories. The correlation among them established the theoretical code with the dimensions of the STD, their consequences, the drivers of well-being, and the moderating conditions of smart tourism experiences (STEs). The results showed that the STD generates trust, safety and autonomy in the TwDs, supporting the overcoming of physical and social barriers and favoring their well-being. The theoretical structure exposed relations that can be tested in future researches and focused codes that support the elaboration of items that can be used to measure the categories. The proposed model provides managers and policymakers with information to better welcome TwDs.

A Tale of Two Protected Areas: “Value and Nature Conservation” in Comparable National Parks in Estonia and Russia

This study explores how local communities reflect on institutional frameworks and protected area governance in two national parks (NPs) with similar nature values in Estonia and Russia, and aims to understand the role of value systems in these interactions. It is based on 50 in-depth interviews with a broad range of stakeholders, and a desktop analysis of relevant regulation and plans. Interview questions reflect on various aspects of well-being (including fairness of governance solutions), awareness of NPs’ function and restrictions, related value aspects, and covered basic personal data needed to interpret the interviews. The study reconfirms the pivotal role of social justice as a driver of wellbeing. In particular, it articulates the significance of value systems playing the role of filters between governance inputs and specific management activities of communities. It underlines the vulnerability of such systems at a community level, most of all to the impacts related to various instances of “centralization”. They are manifested through the choice of restrictive measures and top-down arrangements at the expense of transparency and inclusiveness (in Russia), as well as through the removal of governance autonomy from NPs and transferring monitoring and enforcement functions to local communities without clear mandates or sufficient capacity (in Estonia).

The importance of species diversity for human well-being in Europe

Nature affects human well-being in multiple ways. However, the association between species diversity and human well-being at larger spatial scales remains largely unexplored. Here, we examine the relationship between species diversity and human well-being at the continental scale, while controlling for other known drivers of well-being. We related socio-economic data from more than 26,000 European citizens across 26 countries with macroecological data on species diversity and nature characteristics for Europe. Human well-being was measured as self-reported life-satisfaction and species diversity as the species richness of several taxonomic groups (e.g. birds, mammals and trees). Our results show that bird species richness is positively associated with life-satisfaction across Europe. We found a relatively strong relationship, indicating that the effect of bird species richness on life-satisfaction may be of similar magnitude to that of income. We discuss two, non-exclusive pathways for this relationship: the direct multisensory experience of birds, and beneficial landscape properties which promote both bird diversity and people's well-being. Based on these results, this study argues that management actions for the protection of birds and the landscapes that support them would benefit humans. We suggest that political and societal decision-making should consider the critical role of species diversity for human well-being.

Benchmarking Critical Care Well-Being: Before and After the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Examine well-being, measured as burnout and professional fulfillment, across critical care healthcare professionals, ICUs, and hospitals within a health system; examine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. To complement a longitudinal survey administered to medical critical care physicians at the end of an ICU rotation, which began in May 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among critical care professionals across four hospitals in December 2018 to January 2019. We report the results of the cross-sectional survey and, to examine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the longitudinal survey results from July 2019 to May 2020. Academic medical center. Four-hundred eighty-one critical care professionals, including 353 critical care nurses, 58 advanced practice providers, 57 physicians, and 13 pharmacists, participated in the cross-sectional survey; 15 medical critical care physicians participated in the longitudinal survey through the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. None. Burnout was present in 50% of ICU clinicians, ranging from 42% for critical care physicians to 55% for advanced practice providers. Professional fulfillment was less common at 37%, with significant variability across provider (p = 0.04), with a low of 23% among critical care pharmacists and a high of 53% among physicians. Well-being varied significantly at the hospital and ICU level. Workload and job demand were identified as drivers of burnout and meaning in work, culture and values of work community, control and flexibility, and social support and community at work were each identified as drivers of well-being. Between July 2019 and March 2020, burnout and professional fulfillment were present in 35% (15/43) and 58% (25/43) of medical critical care physician responses, respectively. In comparison, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, burnout and professional fulfillment were present in 57% (12/21) and 38% (8/21), respectively. Burnout was common across roles, yet differed across ICUs and hospitals. Professional fulfillment varied by provider role. We identified potentially modifiable factors related to clinician well-being that can inform organizational strategies at the ICU and hospital level. Longitudinal studies, designed to assess the long-term impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the well-being of the critical care workforce, are urgently needed.

Participation in local food projects is associated with better psychological well-being: evidence from the East of England.

Studies suggest that local food may contribute to well-being, but do not use standardized measures, or control groups. An online survey compared participants of local food initiatives (n = 302) with members of the general population (n = 157) in terms of scores on standardized measures of well-being and distress. Using hierarchical ordinary least squares regression models, we explored the relationship between participation and well-being via four mediators-nature connectedness, psychological need satisfaction, diet and physical activity. Participants scored higher than non-participants on life satisfaction (t(346) = 2.30, P = 0.02, ρr = 0.12) and the WEMWBS scale (t(335) = 2.12, P = 0.04, ρr = 0.10), but differences in psychological distress were insignificant. More actively engaged participants scored higher on positive well-being and longer duration participation was associated with higher life satisfaction and less psychological distress. Finally, we found that participation contributes to psychological need satisfaction, better diet and connection to nature, three known drivers of well-being. Well-being may be a co-benefit of local food initiatives beyond the physical and psychological benefits of growing food. Further research is needed to explore the mediators driving these effects, quantify benefits, and track impacts over time and across different social groups.

Mind the Gap: Identifying Latent Objective and Subjective Multi-Dimensional Indices of Well-Being

Within the OECD Better Life Initiative, the Better Life Index (BLI) represents a major attempt to measure well-being and societal progress beyond GDP, following up the recommendations outlined in the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Commission report. Using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, we estimate BLI as a latent construct starting from eleven underlying dimensions of well-being. This method, based on variance-covariance matrices, allow us to study the interrelations and causal-relationships across well-being determinants and across the underlying drivers of well-being. In our analysis we utilize two different comparable OECD datasets for the year 2012, one based on average country-level data reflecting well-being outcomes, the other one on microdata reflecting people's stated preferences on well-being indicators. In order to deal with the idiosyncratic structures of the datasets, we apply two Structural Equation Modeling techniques - bootstrapped SEM and Generalised SEM MIMIC - to estimate the relative weights and rankings of BLI dimensions. We then build an 'objective' BLI measure predicted from the national-level data, whereas a 'subjective' BLI is obtained using the new OECD microdata. Finally, we conclude our analysis comparing the objective and subjective BLI dimensions weights and country rankings and discussing the main policy implications.

Critical Literacy Programs: Can Business Literacy be a Catalyst for Economic and Social Change?

While literacy is widely believed to be a driver of well-being and economic development, the actual performance of many literacy programs fails to deliver on these promises. Many existing literacy programs are based on an autonomous model of literacy, which assumes that literacy skills are ideologically neutral and can be easily applied, regardless of the social context. Yet literacy practices are socially constructed and can serve to reinforce the status quo and existing interests or these practices can be used to challenge inequities and inspire social change. An ideological model of literacy is used to critique a range of literacy programs that employ livelihood training and various forms of business literacy. Finally, the role of business literacy practices as an impetus for change is explored.