Drilling Device Research Articles

Radar Method for Obtaining Information from a Horizontal Directional Drilling Device

Radar Method for Obtaining Information from a Horizontal Directional Drilling Device

Construction of an acoustic information transmission system of a horizontal directional drilling device

Currently, the constant growth in the volume of the horizontal directional drilling procedure dictates the improvement of the drilling technology and the technical requirements. One of the important technical requirements for the horizontal directional drilling device is the transmission of information about drilling parameters to the operator (depth, rotation angle, inclination angle). The solution to this problem is possible with the help of measuring systems installed inside the drilling head. Traditionally, in real drilling conditions, three communication channels are distinguished: electrically conductive, hydraulic and electromagnetic, each of which has some advantages and disadvantages. The use of acoustic waves excited in the internal space of the drilling head and propagating in the material of the drilling column to the receiver allows to eliminate the disadvantages of the listed communication channels and ensure the highest quality horizontal directional drilling procedure. The paper investigates the acoustic method of information transmission in a horizontal directional drilling device. An acoustic system for positioning a drilling tool has been developed, which provides the transmission of information about the coordinates of the drilling head. The acoustic channel of information transmission has been studied in terms of constructing its structural components: the design of the probe-transmitter (electromechanical transducer) has been developed, as well as the hardware of the system. In order to determine the requirements for the modulator-demodulator of signals of an acoustic information transmission channel, the propagation of an information package was simulated taking into account the resonant properties of the converter using the Multisim circuit simulation program. Thus, the use of an acoustic system for monitoring and transmitting information about the positioning of the drilling head makes it possible to abandon expensive contact methods for determining the position of the drilling head, which give point information and require a lot of time. The proposed acoustic information transmission channel allows for tight acoustic contact between the protective container and the drilling column to eliminate power losses, increases the efficiency of the device and reduces the loss of a useful signal during its propagation and also simplifies the operation of the device. As a result, the developed acoustic system provides an opportunity to perform the highest-quality horizontal directional drilling procedure with the necessary requirements for the volume of transmitted information and stability of operation in complex noise-signal conditions, which eliminates the disadvantages of previously used methods.

Influence of water on rockburst of surrounding rock in deep circular tunnels under triaxial internal unloading conditions

Rockburst is one of the most serious engineering geological hazards encountered in deep rock mass. In this study, we investigate the influence of water on the rockburst mechanism in circular tunnels considering the whole stress path of high in situ stress + internal unloading + stress adjustment, based on external loading-internal unloading (ELIU) tests on intact air-dried and saturated sandstone cubic specimens (100 × 100 × 100 mm3). The proposed ELIU method uses true triaxial equipment to first load each intact cubic specimen with two-dimensional high stresses, followed by an internal drilling device for internal unloading to form circular holes. For comparison, cubic specimens with predrilled holes 25 mm in diameter were subjected to internal drilling – external loading (IDEL) tests, i.e., drilling first and then loading. The results show that water reduces the uniaxial compressive strength, Young's and initial moduli, and elastic energy storage capacity of sandstone materials, and increases the significance of shear failure. Furthermore, saturated tunnel structures induce static spalling failure, while dry tunnels lead to dynamic rockburst failure. The influence of water on the stability of the rock mass surrounding a tunnel is analyzed, including the induced weakening of surrounding rock strength and the amplification of the unloading effect. In summary, water prevents rockburst through the following mechanism: (i) water reduces the brittleness of the surrounding rock and enhances its plasticity; (ii) water reduces the elastic energy storage capacity and increases the energy dissipation capacity of the plastic zone; and (iii) water induces the redistribution of stress throughout the surrounding rock, which reduces the stress concentration near the free surface and transfers the maximum stress to the deeper surrounding rock.

Reconstructive Allograft Preparation for Long Bone Intercalary Segments After Tumor Resections: Toronto Sarcoma Protocol.

Reconstructive Allograft Preparation for Long Bone Intercalary Segments After Tumor Resections: Toronto Sarcoma Protocol.

Development of a rotary-percussive ultrasonic drill using a bolt-clamped type piezoelectric actuator

Obtaining rock samples by drilling is an important method of asteroid detection. Due to the strict restrictions on the weight, volume, and weight on bit, conventional drilling devices are difficult to meet the requirements of drilling on an asteroid that has a weak gravitational field. This article proposed a rotary-percussive ultrasonic drill using a bonded-type piezoelectric actuator that can output harmonic vibration and elliptical trajectories simultaneously. The configuration and operation principle of the RPUD is presented and analyzed. Mode shape of the actuator and motions of the driving tips are verified by modal analysis and transient analysis, separately. Ultimately, a prototype of the RPUD is fabricated and experimentally investigated for its output characteristic and drilling performance. The test results indicate that the developed actuator can achieve the maximum no-load rotary speed of 119.2 r/min when the excitation frequency is 17.79 kHz. Furthermore, the maximum torque is 35 mNm, and the corresponding driving speed is about 20 r/min. The maximum drilling rate of the prototype to the sandstone is 7 mm per minute under a weight on bit of 5 N. The experimental results confirm that the proposed RPUD is feasible to drill rocks under a low weight on bit, which has the potential to obtain rock samples on an asteroid.

Design and simulation of a wireline core drilling device for near-shore applications

The PROTEUS project involves the construction of a self-propelled and floating amphibious machine for near shore geological surveys. In this context, the development of a wireline core drilling device was tackled, evolving with respect to existing models and responding to the specificities of the new application. In the preliminary phase, comparative research was carried out both through market research and through reverse engineering activities on core drill models deemed suitable for the purpose, thus identifying the functional priorities and criticalities of the existing material through the ex-post analysis of the subject elements to wear and tear. Once the requirements of the new core drilling device were formalized, the constructive layout was defined, giving priority to functions such as sample management, interlocking and rapid disengagement from the drilling actuation system. The construction details of the mechanical coupling profiles were then optimized by simulation in a multibody software environment, in order to ensure full functionality even in harsh environments, typical of the application, making an advancement with respect to the previously identified reference solutions. Finally, the executive design of the component was carried out by introducing the corrections deriving from the simulation results and considering different solutions in relation to the material adopted and its production needs through machining processes.

Акустический способ передачи информации в устройстве горизонтального направленного бурения

An acoustic method has been developed for transmitting information about the coordinates of the drill head during the operation of a horizontal directional drilling device during the project laying of communications. The paper considers the traditional technology of horizontal directional drilling, and the electromagnetic method of transmitting information in trenchless laying of communications. An acoustic channel for information transmission has been studied in terms of asynchronous data transmission. The temporal structure of the signal, as well as the structure of the byte issued in acoustic transmission of information, have been developed. The optimal operating frequency of the transceiver system was chosen and the capacity of the acoustic information transmission channel was evaluated. The requirements for the modulator-demodulator of signals of an acoustic information transmission system are determined, the simulation of the propagation of an information package is carried out, taking into account the resonant properties of the converter using the Multisim circuit simulation package. For modeling, an equivalent circuit has been developed that forms an information package in the form of a chess code.

RestArt method: innovative high-precision mechatronic-based procedure for fragmented stone statues restoration

Abstract The RestArt method is an innovative mechatronic-based procedure for high-precision reassembly of stone fragments intended to improve the restoration of ancient statues and architectural elements. The procedure comprises high-accuracy 3D laser scanning of two fragments positioned on the RestArt machine. After software simulated best-fitting of the two homologous fractured faces, the calculated roto-translation matrix is sent to the machine control system that moves one fragment to match the other one. The machine integrates a numeric-controlled moving drilling device for high-precision boring of the fractured surfaces at selected points for optimal rods insertion. This permits a very effective fixing of the fragments and allows multi-point fixing, which is practically impossible with conventional methods. Several stone specimens were experimentally recomposed through the RestArt and the traditional method. Then, they were compared in terms of mechanical resistance by shaking table tests, reproducing extreme strong-motion vibrations. The specimens recomposed through the RestArt method resulted less time-consuming and much more resistant to vibration excitation than the ones by traditional reassembly method. The RestArt method was applied to reassemble some original ancient statues currently exhibited at several Italian museums.

Пошук методів підвищення продуктивності буріння свердловин у міцних гірських породах

The purpose of the work is to invent a method and develop a tool for effective drilling of strong and especially strong rocks with the least expenditure of both energy and money for the drilling tool. Currently, in rocks, the most time-consuming and expensive is drilling wells in strong and especially strong rocks. Despite numerous attempts to solve the problem of drilling strong rocks, an effective solution to this problem has not yet been found. The problem is that the introduction of drilling tools into these rocks requires considerable effort and work to destroy these rocks. This requires high strength and durability of the drilling tool, which is limited by the properties of known materials used. The solution to this problem may be to strengthen strong and drill wells in particularly strong rocks by transferring them to a stressed state or creating a grid of cracks in them, which will significantly reduce the effort and work to introduce the tool into the rock, as well as its abrasive wearout. This article proposes a new method and device for creating cracks on the mine face surface in durable rocks for their further drilling by cutting. A brief description of the new method of impact-cutting drilling of strong rocks is given. Sketch drawings of a previously unknown device for impact-cutting drilling of strong rocks are provided and a description of its work is given. The advantages of this method and the device are indicated – in solving the problem of drilling strong rocks.

Development and Application of Water Sealing Technology for Gas Drainage Boreholes.

The poor sealing effect of gas extraction boreholes causes low efficiency of gas extraction. As a consequence, the requirements of coal mine safety production are often not attained. The sealing effect of boreholes depends not only on the sealing material itself but also on the combination degree between the material and the hole wall and the structural change characteristics of the material during operation. Our theoretical analysis shows that the amount of liquid leakage increases with the gap width Δh in a cubic law, decreases with the sealing hole viscosity in a hyperbolic form, increases linearly with the diameter of the borehole, and increases with the eccentricity in a quadratic function. We have developed a PD sealing material that has good compactness and sealing effects, excellent water retention performance, and an expansion rate of 1.29. The material can generate secondary expansion through microscopic development, which is beneficial to improve the quality of the sealing hole. HV-CMC has good stability in plugging mucus. In addition, the manual pump has been redeveloped to be portable and also to overcome the blockage of the suction valve of the original device. In addition, the auxiliary device for drilling and sealing has been invented. The field application demonstrates that the gas concentration and flow pressure difference of the new sealing borehole can be maintained at a high level in a short period of time and then decrease slowly with time. The resulting improved sealing effect demonstrates that our new approach has important theoretical and practical significance for mine gas drainage.

Helical drilling of carbon fiber reinforced polymer by a femtosecond laser.

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been widely used in the aerospace industry and other fields, but its processing is still subject to many restrictions. A femtosecond laser helical drilling device is proposed. It can realize beam deflection and translation through a scanning galvanometer and a pair of lenses, respectively, and finally obtain the effect of beam oblique focusing. With the combination of a spiral scanning path and focus feed, the non-taper and high-quality drilling of materials can be realized. CFRP materials were processed through this method, and the influences of process parameters on the heat affected zone and machining taper were studied. The distribution and influence degree of the heat affected zone and the formation mechanism of the machining taper were analyzed. Finally, a high-quality straight hole processing effect of CFRP with up to a 9.7: 1 aspect ratio, less than 15 µm heat affected zone outside the hole, and no delamination in the hole was realized. This new drilling method is expected to further expand CFRP applications.

Experimental Research on Longitudinal Ultrasonic Assisted Vibration Drilling of 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb

In the present study, by adding ultrasonic vibration in the longitudinal direction to assist the drill bit to drill on 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb stainless steel, in order to obtain high-quality deep small holes and prolong the service life of the drill bit. By establishing the movement mathematical model of the drill bit under ordinary drilling and longitudinal vibration drilling, the movement trajectory of the main cutting edge of the drill bit in two different drilling methods is compared and analyzed, and the anti-friction mechanism of longitudinal vibration drilling is analyzed. The conventional drilling and longitudinal ultrasonic drilling of 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb stainless steel are carried out on a longitudinal ultrasonic vibration drilling device. After drilling test, the wear morphology of the drill bit, the surface roughness of the hole wall and the chip morphology are observed and analyzed by the detection equipment. The result shows: the wear degree of the drill bit after longitudinal ultrasonic vibration drilling is lower than that of conventional drilling, which can prolong the service life of the drill bit. The surface roughness of the hole wall is reduced, and the drilling chips are more finely divided and easier to discharge.

Shifting the operating frequency of the piezoceramic electroacoustic transducer langevin type using passive cooling methods

The object of research: the shift of resonant frequency of the piezoceramic electroacoustic transducer Langevin type depending on the shape of the back plate.
 Investigated problem: the relationship between changes in shape of back plate of the Langevin type transducer with the resonant frequency of the oscillating system. Search quantitative contribution to shift the resonant frequency of each of the modifications: shape, diameter, thickness, weight of back plate.
 The main scientific results: vibration modes of a transducer with a back plate with horizontal and vertical radiator ribs were obtained. The graphs of the shift resonant frequency depending on the change in the diameter and thickness of the back tail with vertical radiator ribs are presented. It is established, that the change in the thickness and diameter of the back plate of the transducer effects on resonance frequency much less than the change in mass.
 The area of practical use of the research results: designing piezoceramic electroacoustic transducer with passive cooling method.
 Innovative technological product: guidelines for choosing the shape changes back plates of the Langevin type transducer for decreasing heating temperature, with keeping resonant frequency.
 Scope of the innovative technological product: scope of application of the Langevin type transducer: underwater acoustics, ultrasonic technological equipment, ultrasonic engine, piezotransformer, medical equipment, rock drilling devices.

Evaluation of potential tissue heating during percutaneous drill-assisted bone sampling in an in vivo porcine study

BackgroundMinimally invasive, battery-powered drilling systems have become the preferred tool for obtaining representative samples from bone lesions. However, the heat generated during battery-powered bone drilling for bone biopsies has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Thermal necrosis can occur if the bone temperature exceeds a critical threshold for a certain period of time.PurposeTo investigate heat production as a function of femur temperature during and after battery-powered percutaneous bone drilling in a porcine in vivo model.MethodsWe performed 16 femur drillings in 13 domestic pigs with an average age of 22 weeks and an average body temperature of 39.7 °C, using a battery-powered drilling system and an intraosseous temperature monitoring device. The standardized duration of the drilling procedure was 20 s. The bone core specimens obtained were embedded in 4% formalin, stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and sent for pathological analysis of tissue quality and signs of thermal damage.ResultsNo significant changes in the pigs’ local temperature were observed after bone drilling with a battery-powered drill device. Across all measurements, the median change in temperature between the initial measurement and the temperature measured after drilling (at 20 s) was 0.1 °C. Histological examination of the bone core specimens revealed no signs of mechanical or thermal damage.ConclusionOverall, this preliminary study shows that battery-powered, drill-assisted harvesting of bone core specimens does not appear to cause mechanical or thermal damage.

Development of a low-frequency vibration-assisted drilling device for difficult-to-cut materials

In the drilling process of difficult-to-cut materials, conventional drilling has resulted in various problems such as high drilling temperature and poor machining quality. Low-frequency vibration-assisted drilling has great potential in overcoming these problems since broken chips are generated. In this paper, a low-frequency vibration-assisted drilling device is developed by using a novel ring flexure hinge as the elastic recovery mechanism. Firstly, based on the theory of elastic mechanics and mechanical vibration, the deflection of ring flexure hinge is designed theoretically, and the influence of its structural parameters on its deflection is analyzed. Then, the correctness of theoretical design is further verified by static and dynamic simulation and stiffness test. Finally, the vibration performance of the device is tested under no-load condition, and actual drilling test is conducted to verify the drilling performance. The results show that the device could realize the axial low-frequency vibration with constant frequency-to-rotation ratio and amplitude stepless adjustment and present good working stability under no-load and load conditions. In the actual drilling test of titanium alloy and carbon fiber–reinforced plastic (CFRP)/titanium alloy laminated structure, the device under appropriate processing parameters breaks titanium alloy chip into small pieces and reduces drilling temperature by 44% and inhibits secondary damage of CFRP. It provides the reference and guidance for the development of LFVAD device in presented work.

Effect of Castration on Bone Healing in Male Rabbit Model; Clinical, Histopathological and Radiological Study

Twenty male rabbits were used in the current study. The rabbits were classified into two groups (castrated and un-castrated). Injected by solution consists from Ketamine HCL (40 mg /Kg/B.W/IM) and xylazine HCl (20mg /Kg B.W/IM). The first group was uncastrated while the second group was castrated and waiting one month. For both groups, at the middle of lateral aspect of the femoral region, a 5mm in diameter bore in the femoral bone was made by a medical drill device. The clinical signs showed some manifested such as pain, edema and fever in the castrated group more than the un-castrated group. The last clinical signs disappeared during two to three days in the un-castrated group and (5-7) days in the control group. Examination of radiological of both groups revealed reaction of the periosteal was begin at 2nd week in the second group while in the castrated group which started at the ending of 3rd week in the first group. The fracture was disappeared at 4th week in the second group. The bony mass was redesigned into the lamellar bone in 4th week in the second group, that characterized by adhesion of the bone with the external callus. Our study showed that the fracture healing morebest quantity and quality in the second group than in the first group. The histopathological examination showed osteoclast, osteoblast and the periosteal reaction started at (15-30) days after operation more in the second group than the first group. Moreover, the osteocytes is a presence in more in the uncastrated group than the first group.

Теоретическая и практическая реализация перспективной технологии термического бурения горных пород

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the conversional use of a rocket engine gas generator to create a device for thermal spallation drilling of solid rocks. The main difference between the studied device and traditional thermal drills is the relatively low temperature of the working fluid. It has been experimentally shown that this level of temperature of the working fluid provides a stable process of thermal spallation of the rock and at the same time a long life of the structure. The developed mathematical apparatus allows to select device parameters for various types of rocks. The concept of a jet drilling rig for drilling blast holes in open pit mines is proposed. This unit is mobile, does not require a heavy basement and preparation of the drilling site; it is charcterized with a high utilization factor and a long service life, and uses widely available components (air, water, kerosene, diesel fuel) as fuel components.

The development of an ultrasonic vibration hand-held pneumatic drill for hole-machining on CFRP composite materials

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite materials are widely adopted for manufacturing aircraft. In aircraft assembly process, millions of bolt and rivet holes need to be machined on site, and most of them are drilled by manual operations with hand-held pneumatic drill. It is well known that unstable operations easily are caused in manual operations, which results in serious defects on CFRP materials. These defects drastically reduce fatigue resistance of aircraft. To improve the quality of drilling holes, an ultrasonic vibration hand-held pneumatic drill is developed in this study. The structure of this device was designed, and its vibration mode was analyzed with finite element method. A real ultrasonic vibration hand-held drill was produced and its vibration performance was measured. Drilling experiments on CFRP materials are implemented. The results show that, with the developed hand-held drill device, the shakes of hand decrease by 35–43% and thrust forces decrease by 23%. The defects of matrix resin peel-off and delamination during drilling process are significantly reduced. This study provides a novel equipment for drilling hole on aircraft assembly site.

Recognition of interface and category of roadway roof strata based on drilling parameters

Measurement while drilling is an important part of the intelligent development of coal mines and the development trend of roof formation detection. The main purpose of this paper is to study the best identification method of rock interface and category based on drilling parameters. Firstly, the borehole drilling device was independently developed; Secondly, 4 concrete blocks were poured to simulate the different rock formations; Thirdly, displacement, rotational speed, torque, and sound pressure level data were collected during drilling the concrete blocks, and the original data was processed by the local linear kernel estimation method; Finally, K-means clustering and change points detection method, was used to identify the rock formation interface respectively, and BP neural network and support vector machine method was used to identify the rock category respectively. Experimental results show that the local linear kernel estimation method based on exponentially weighted loss function can better reflect the response characteristics of drilling parameters. The change point detection method based on the penetration rate is better for the rock interface prediction (the sum of the two interface errors is 10.25 mm). Besides, with the penetration rate and sound pressure level as input parameters, BP neural network and support vector machine can achieve the operational classification of rock formations. This research is of great significance for understanding the prediction of the interface and category of rock formation in coal mines, which can not only promote safe mining but also reflect efficient coal production.

Research on Mud Pulse MWD Device for Mines

As the core accoutrement of directional drilling construction, the measurement while drilling (MWD) device can be divided into three types due to the different data transmission methods: wired, mud pulse and electromagnetic wave. This paper used the mud pulse method to develop a mud pulse MWD device for mines, and the working principle of the mud pulse signal transmission, the signal encoding method and the structure of the device were described. Experimental research showed that the mud pulse wireless MWD device had the advantages of long transmission distance and strong working stability. At the same time, the device was not restricted by the drill pipe during operation, which could be combined with sliding orientation and rotary feed, and had great promotion and application value.