Drape Coefficient Research Articles

Real performance analysis of drape of virtual cotton fabric based on Style3D

PurposeTo investigate whether the actual effects of eight drape characteristics of virtual fabrics can be manifested in the Style 3D software.Design/methodology/approachImage analysis was conducted using MATLAB software to obtain the drape characteristics of virtual fabrics. Pair the drape characteristics of the real and virtual fabrics for difference. The S-W method was used to conduct a normality test to obtain the correlation of paired samples. A paired sample t-test was performed to obtain the significance values.FindingsThe simulation restoration performance of the drape coefficient, number of undulations, maximum undulation angle, minimum undulation angle and undulation angle uniformity was good. However, there are differences in the simulation performance of the other three indicators: maximum undulation amplitude, minimum undulation amplitude and undulation amplitude uniformity compared to the drape characteristics of real fabrics.Originality/valueProvides reference value for the improvement of Style3D software in virtual fabric simulation and finds the main influential parameters and their impact levels that contribute to the realistic representation of virtual fabrics in software. It provides a theoretical basis for course teaching in digital fashion.

Spray-assisted layer-by-layer deposition of quaternized chitosan/tannic acid for the construction of multifunctional bio-based nonwoven dressings

Gauze wound dressings have received considerable attention due to their cost-effectiveness, excellent mechanical properties, and widespread applications. However, their inability to actively combat microorganisms and effectively scavenge free radicals results in suboptimal wound management. In this study, a novel nonwoven-based gauze dressing coated with quaternized chitosan/tannic acid (QCS/TA), based on electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding, was successfully prepared using a spray-assisted layer-by-layer assembly method. The bio-based nonwoven dressing, assembled with multiple interlacing bilayers, demonstrated outstanding antimicrobial properties, eliminating 99.99 % of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and 85 % of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Compared to the pristine nonwoven dressing, the QCS/TA-coated nonwoven dressing scavenged >85 % of the surrounding radicals within 2 h. Additionally, the nonwoven dressing exhibits excellent coagulation properties. Notably, the facile spraying procedure preserved most of the softness and breathability of the nonwoven substrate. After the deposition of seven bilayers, the bending stiffness and drape coefficient increased by only 37.63 % and 3.85 %, respectively, while the air permeability and moisture permeability reached 1712 mm/s and 3683.58 g/m2/d, respectively. This bio-based nonwoven dressing, derived from safe and non-toxic ingredients, holds promise as the next generation of multifunctional gauze dressings.

Testing relationship of bending rigidity with drape coefficient for silk viscose blended knitted fabrics

Testing relationship of bending rigidity with drape coefficient for silk viscose blended knitted fabrics

Investigating parameters affecting the real and virtual drapability of silk fabrics for traditional Hanbok

This paper presents research into the parameters affecting the real and virtual drapability of silk fabrics for traditional Hanbok. The KES-FB (Kawabata evaluation system of fabric) and the CLO (3D fashion design software) fabric kit system were used to evaluate the physical properties. The relationships between physical properties and the drape coefficient of silk fabrics were statistically analyzed. It was determined whether the objectified real fabric data could be used and applied as a database when implementing virtual clothing using a 3D virtual clothing program. The KES-FB properties and CLO fabric kit results indicated that the bending property and weight were significantly correlated with the drape coefficient. The bending rigidity and weight per unit area were influential parameters of the drape coefficient. The regression analysis results of both the KES-FB and the CLO fabric kit revealed that bending rigidity and thickness were statistically significantly correlated with the drape coefficient. The bending property was the most determining parameter for the drape coefficient of silk fabrics. A statistically significant difference between the real and virtual drape coefficients of stiffer silk fabrics was found. In the CLO 7.1 program, the accuracy of drape implementation of virtual fabrics was found to be useful when the bending stiffness of the actual fabric was less than 0.089 gf·cm2/cm and the elasticity was more than 1.03%. The results revealed that more research on the program modeling method considering the mechanical and physical properties of the real fabric and its structure is needed.

Evaluation of a new artificial intelligence-based textile digitization using fabric drape

Three-dimensional (3D) textile-based garment prototyping, widely adopted in the apparel and textile industry, enhances cost efficiency, work productivity, and seamless communication via visual prototyping. Neural network-based 3D textile digitization has the potential to streamline manufacturing processes by negating the need for traditional physical property (PT) measurements. However, a research gap exists concerning the accuracy of the technology and its applicability to advanced functional apparel manufacturing. The primary research question is to investigate how variations in digitized physical properties obtained from PT measurements and artificial intelligence (AI)-based textile digitization impact the accuracy of a fabric’s mechanical representation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate AI-based textile digitization accuracy using a drape test method. The drape coefficient (DC) analysis revealed that the PT-based simulated DC exhibited a normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) ranging from 2% to 11%, while the AI-based simulated DC showed a range of 3–51%. Notably, for the samples, except those with very limp or very stiff fabric samples, the AI-based simulation exhibited a NMAE within 3–15%.

Correlation between material properties and actual - simulated drape of textile products

With the rapid advancement of digital technology, virtual fashion was born, signifying a milestone in the history of fashion. However, virtual fashion necessitates the accuracy of virtual garments. Therefore, it is necessary to verify that the software accurately reflects the fabric's properties. To accurately evaluate the software, this study altered a few material parameters and compared the results to the actual measured outputs. The selection of three categories of heavy, medium, and light fabrics for measurement is based on industry standards. Sampling based on physical experiments would require a great deal of time and resources; thus, this study proposes a solution to visualize the fabric properties with few inputs in order to surmount the drawbacks of the actual sampling method. The virtual method is utilized to establish fabric properties on the software and assess the drape of various fabric samples. The drape on CLO3D is determined by formatting the fabric's shadow contour, while the drape coefficient is calculated using ImageJ. This coefficient of drapery will be compared to actuality to determine if the software accurately represents the fabric's properties. The drape of the virtual fabric samples after being tried on the virtual mannequin, will be used to design basic garments. Based on the results, the appearance of the product will be evaluated by wearing fabric samples on the virtual mannequin. Increasing the weight of the fabric altered the skirt's appearance due to the higher coefficient of drapery. The increased drape coefficient made the fabric firmer, and the heaviest fabrics were the most rigid, resulting in a greater skirt spread. In contrast, the lightweight fabric exhibited a low coefficient of drape, resulting in softer products. Heavy fabric creates fewer folds. The folds created by the drape of light and medium fabric samples under the effect of their own weight on the CLO3D software are not as smooth and clear as the real samples.

Геометрическая модель прогнозирования свойств систем с интервальными параметрами

We consider interval geometric modeling of complex multi parametric systems having a set of parameters of different character. Some of the parameters may have interval indefiniteness. System information basis is incomplete one. The processed information depends on continuous, discrete and conventional data. Geometric model has a form of matrix and each element of it corresponds to some state of the system. Each state is described by interval function of continuous input and output parameters. The set of interval functions generates some discrete set of multidimensional surfaces in discrete space. We use this approach and our modeling algorithm to find predictive model of drape coefficient. The algorithm is based on linear approximation of numerical factors in factor spaces. Interval functions make it possible for us to vary some numerical factors within the given intervals. As an example, the interval model of fabric drape coefficient is found. Fabric thickness and closeness of texture are considered as input parameters.

A research for the effectiveness of stitch type and stitch direction on dynamic drape behaviors

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the effect of stitch type and stitch direction on the dynamic drape behavior of the woven fabric.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the effectiveness of stitch type and stitch directions on dynamic drape behaviors were investigated. Fabric parts were sewn together with two types of the stitch (lockstitch and overlock stitch) on three different stitch directions (warp, weft and bias (45°)). The static drape coefficients (SDC) of unsewn and sewn fabrics were measured according to the image process method. Dynamic drape coefficients (DDC) of fabrics were also measured using the same method at six different (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 rpms) rotation speeds. Additionally, bending length and bending rigidity were measured using the Cantilever test method.FindingsExperimental results showed that stitch type and stitch directions are effective on the dynamic drape behaviors of the fabric. Overlock stitch resulted in greater DDC than the lock stitch. For both of the stitch type, DDC for the stitch on the warp direction are greater than the stitch on the weft and bias direction for all speeds. In addition, bending length, hence the bending rigidity, are greater for overlock stitch type and always weft direction resulted in greater than the warp and bias direction.Originality/valueFabric drape is vital for garment appearance and is gaining popularity with the advancement of virtual technology, enabling virtual visualization of garments. While previous studies have predominantly examined either the static or dynamic drape behavior of individual fabric panels, or solely focused on the static drape behavior of sewn fabrics, this study acknowledges the significance of incorporating the influence of stitch type and direction on dynamic drape behaviors. Considering that fabrics are sewn together to create garments and that DDC provides a more accurate representation of real-time fabric behavior compared to SDC, this research makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature by investigating the impact of stitch type and direction specifically on DDC.

Development of a test method for the dynamic drapability of fabrics using reciprocating motion

This study aimed to develop a method for measuring the dynamic drapability of fabrics using a reciprocating motion device that mimics the movement created by shaking a piece of fabric. Five types of fabrics were selected based on their drape coefficients and weights, and the lengths of fabrics were determined based on skirt length (50 cm) and dress length (100 cm). The width and speed of the reciprocating motion were considered as the experimental variables. Results of reciprocating motion-based fabric movement analysis revealed that the number of nodes, the position of the first node, amplitude, total length, and area are significant factors for measuring dynamic drapability. It was found that the longer fabrics had more nodes, enabling measurement of various types of fabrics. Furthermore, it was found that a wider reciprocation width under the same speed and a faster reciprocation speed with the same width favorably demonstrated dynamic drapability, resulting in proportionality between the reciprocating motion and the force transmitted to the fabric. Movement analysis of seven selected conditions and additional samples showed that the optimal condition was a 100-mm reciprocation width and a 150-rpm speed and that the first node’s position is the most significant factor for a dynamic drapability. To verify the proposed measurement method, measuring four pairs of fabrics with similar drape coefficients but different shapes showed that as fabric weight increased, the node moved downward, despite similar drape coefficient values. This confirms that the proposed method can overcome the limitations of the existing drape coefficient.

Multidimensional analysis for fabric drapability

This study analyzed fabric drapability in one, two, and three dimensions to provide an assessment method reflecting real conditions. One-dimensional analysis of drapability involved observing the fabric movement by reciprocating motion. The movement appeared differently depending on the fabric characteristics, and the shape and location of the node showed differently, which were considered to be influenced by the weight of the sample along with the drape coefficient. Two-dimensional analysis identified the significant factors for the drape information. This examination confirmed that, even if drape factors were similar, differences in draped shape were observed based on the factors related to node shapes. Three-dimensional analysis, using a 3D scanner, involved the use of the mean distances between draped samples and the standard truncated cone, their standard deviation, and the coefficient of variation. The coefficient of variation was high in the groups wherein the shape of the drape was irregular. In the 3D analysis, the distances between samples and the standard truncated cone were expressed in colors to intuitively deliver the drape information. To determine a factor that could indicate drapability among the factors derived from each dimension, the existing drape coefficient was employed for correlation analysis. Three pairs of samples with similar drape coefficients but different drape shapes were selected to verify the above results. In conclusion, one-dimensional node location, two-dimensional standard deviation of node severity, and three-dimensional coefficient of variation were shown to effectively demonstrate the drape characteristic that the drape coefficient could not indicate.

A kinetic grid for fabric draping simulation

In allusion to the hot issue of fabric simulation, this paper proposes a kinetic grid for reproducing the drape profile of fabric in three-dimensional space. In our model, the interaction inside fabric is built up through a constraint factor as well as an attenuation factor, and the contact between the flexible body of the fabric and the rigid plane is emulated with a touch-counteract mechanism. The forces on the particles in the grid, which are calculated with grid deformation, are then used to generate the additional displacement of the grid. Evolution of the grid is led by step-by-step iteration so that the draping kinetics of the virtual fabric can be achieved. When the draping process meets its steady state, the drape coefficient is worked out through identifying and quantifying the projection area of the grid. The unevenness of the ripples along the drape surface is characterized and manifested by emulating the mechanical anisotropy of the fabric through differentiated constraint factors. The evolution algorithm is improved and an optimized version that reduces calculation error using the third-order Taylor theorem is presented, by which a smoother curved surface for the drape can be produced. The convergence of the grid under different fineness values is explored to reveal the capacity of the model, and a reasonable grid scale has been identified. The computed drape is then compared to a real drape featuring different strengths in the warp and weft, and adjusted to meet the target drape coefficient, as well as drape unevenness considering the anisotropy index. The result shows they are properly matched. The virtual drape is also tested in additional scenes including square support with sharp corners, one-way overhanging and mixed. It has turned out to be a simple, rapid and precise model for fabric drape simulation and assessment.

Cellulosic Textile Materials Functionalization with Formic Acid and Improvement of their Properties

Formic acid, commonly used in bioprocesses of cellulosic polymeric materials, has been considered for the treatment of cellulose-based textile. Therefore, different concentrations of formic acid (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g L-1) were used to treat cotton (CO) and viscose (CV) fabrics to improve their properties. Weight variation, tensile strength, stiffness, drape coefficient, crease recovery angle, and vertical wicking of the treated substrates were assessed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) analysis confirmed the acid hydrolysis process of the cellulosic substrates treated with formic acid solutions. Formic acid solutions with concentrations equal to 30 g L-1 and 40 g L-1 are the most adequate to treat the CV and CO fabrics, respectively. In addition, the fabrics treated under optimal conditions were dyed with the reactive dye Levafix Blue CA. The dyeing properties were assessed through colour absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient (K/S) values. A clear improvement in the fastness and dyeing performance of the treated substrates was observed. Finally, the antibacterial properties of the treated substrates were evaluated, for the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It was found that only cotton substrates treated with a 40 g L-1 formic acid solution could be classified as weak decontaminants against S. aureus bacteria.

Manufacturing of window shutters from cotton waste fabrics for sustainable textiles

Purpose This study aims to manufacture alternative window shutters using waste cotton fabrics by stiffening using polyvinyl acetate (PVA) with vinyl acrylic binder solutions. Design/methodology/approach The manufactured fabrics were evaluated for their tensile strength, drapeability, bending length by weight and color fastness to light. And finally, an analysis of variance was done for each parameter. Findings As the percent of PVA with a vinyl acrylic solution and the number of layers increased, the tensile strength, drape coefficient (percent), bending length (cm), and color fastness to light increased in both directions. The percent of PVA with a vinyl acrylic solution and the number of layers are statistically significant for each response such as tensile strength, drape coefficient (percent), bending length (cm), color fastness to light and water repellency at a 95% confidence interval. Tensile strength, drape coefficient (%) and bending length (cm) are always greater in the warp direction than in the weft direction. The tensile strength, drape coefficient (percent), bending length (cm) and color fastness to light of treated fabrics samples are greater than those of the untreated fabrics. Originality/value The factory waste fabrics can be recycled into window shutters which will provide the cheaper raw material for window shutter manufacturers.

An algorithm for the analysis of static hanging drape

In this paper, an analysis of drape characteristics of textile waste derived from their 2D colour digital images was made. There have been proposed algorithms and procedures for obtaining 3D shapes of real drape. The description of the drape characteristics of fabrics was made by a total of 17 features. The advantages of the proposed methods and tools are that they don't need complicated calculation methods or a lot of time to measure and obtain a three-dimensional model. A predictive model was created from the obtained data for automated prediction of the drape coefficient of textile waste. The proposed methods and procedures can be applied in the analysis of fabric drape on video files obtained after exposure of the textile fabrics at different airflow rates.

Prediction of fabric drape coefficient using simple measurement method

A method for predicting the complex physical properties of fabric using a simple measurement method has been developed. For this, a correlation analysis was performed between the data measured by the traditional measurement method for the physical properties of fabric, KES-FB, and by the simple measurement method, CLO Fabric Kit, which showed a high correlation. Then, a multiple regression analysis was performed between the drape coefficient and the KES-FB complex factors to find a factor that had a major influence on the drape coefficient. From this result, a regression equation for estimating the drape coefficient has been obtained. Euclidean distance calculation was used to find the fabric from the database that is most similar to the measured sample, from which the drape coefficient was predicted. Finally, it was confirmed that there is no statistical difference between the actual drape coefficient and the predicted drape coefficient.

The Relationship Between FAST Mechanical Properties, Fabric Drape Coefficient and 3D Simulated Flared Skirt

The Relationship Between FAST Mechanical Properties, Fabric Drape Coefficient and 3D Simulated Flared Skirt

A study of the effect of PEG-1000 phase change materials coating on selected fabric properties

Phase change materials (PCM) are materials that are used as latent heat storage media due to their ability to undergo change from one phase to another. The use of PCM to enhance the temperature self-regulating feature of textiles has become prevalent in recent times. A PCM is incorporated into the textile substrate using various means, one of which is coating. However, the process of coating the textile substrate with the PCM material, as well as the effect of the material itself, may result in the reduction of certain key properties of the textile material. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of a Sodium Alginate microencapsulated PEG-1000 coating (applied by the pad-dry-cure method) on selected properties of a 100% polyester single jersey knitted fabric, namely bursting strength, thickness, drape coefficient, air permeability, moisture regain and fabric weight. The material and coating were selected on the basis of availability, use and cost. The study showed that the coating provided small increases in the bursting strength, weight, moisture regain and thickness, and a substantial increase in the drape coefficient of the fabric. The air permeability could not be properly assessed due to an instrument error. As such the coating could be presumed to have caused a slight impairment to the overall comfort of the fabric.

Drape of Composite Structures Made of Textile and 3D Printed Geometries

Applications of 3D printing in the fashion industry have continued to attract interest from academia and industry in order to improve and add functionalities to products. Among these applications, an interesting one is 3D printing on textile fabric. Composite structures created by 3D printing and textile fabric change a drape by improving or worsening its appearance. The scope of this work is to evaluate the effect of various 3D printed geometries on textile fabric regarding fabric drapes. The drape coefficient of the created composite structure is evaluated using a drape tester built according to EN ISO 9073-9. The results taken are compared with an algorithm developed for determining drape parameters and 3D form representation using color digital images and their image histograms. The measured values of the drape coefficient are close, with a minimal difference, up to 4%. The 3D printed patterns show a significant effect on the drape coefficient of textile fabrics by depicting another way to modify fabric drapes and create complex shapes by using less material. This can be seen as an advantage in the fashion industry where complex geometries can be added to textile fabrics, while changing fabric drape and product personalization and adding functionalities for garments and technical textiles.

Experimental Model of Determining Drape Coefficient of Fabric through Image Analyzing Techniques

Softness is an essential key in designing, processing and using a lot of textile products. This paper is to approach fabric softness based on an experimental model of determining drape coefficient (i.e., a ratio of projected area of fabric sample to its undraped area) through analysis of digital images obtained from pixel histogram on a graphic software (PTS). Such investigations help to not only quantitatively evaluate but also significantly enhance accuracy for measurements of fabric softness owing to advances in digital image processing technology. Moreover, as comparing to previously conventional methods of calculating projected area such as tracing paper and edge contour, this model presented many advantages, especially time saving. Particularly, the results of drape coefficient obtained from cotton (CT) and polyester (PE) fabrics measured by this model clarified the affected factors on structural characteristics for both textile fiber and textile fabric. The experimental measurements of crease recovery and bending angle on textile woven fabrics were conducted to give additional affirmation about drape coefficient for the model with high reliability and practicality.

Design of a scalable, flexible, and durable thermoelectric cooling device for soft electronics using Kirigami cut patterns

A flexible, soft thermoelectric cooling device is presented that shows potential for human cooling applications in wearable technologies and close-to-body applications. Current developments lack integration feasibility due to non-scalable assembly procedures and unsuitable materials for comfortable and durable integration into products. Our devices have been created and tested around the need to conform to the human body which we have quantified through the creation of a repeatable drape testing procedure, a metric used in the textile industry. Inspired by mass manufacturing constraints, our flexible thermoelectric devices are created using commercially available materials and scalable processing techniques. Thermoelectric legs are embedded in a foam substrate to provide flexibility, while Kirigami-inspired cuts are patterned on the foam to provide the drape necessary for mimicking the performance of textile and close to body materials. In total, nine different configurations, three different fill factors and three different Kirigami cut patterns were fabricated and inspected for thermal characterization, mechanical testing, flexibility and drape. Our studies show that adding Kirigami patterns can increase the durability of the device, improve the flexibility, decrease the drape coefficient, and have <1% of impact on cooling performance at higher fill factors (>1.5%), reaching temperature differences up to 4.39 °C ± 0.17 °C between the hot and cold faces of the device. These thermoelectric cooling devices show great flexibility, durability, and cooling for integration into soft cooling products.