Drake University Research Articles

Exploring Pharmacy Students’ Leadership Styles Using the 5 Voices Assessment

ObjectiveLeadership development assessments are a critical component of student pharmacists’ understanding and development of effective team strategies. MethodsThe 5 Voices tool, developed by GiANT Worldwide, was incorporated into the leadership curriculum across 2 colleges of pharmacies for second-year Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students. One public land-grant institution administers the assessment in the fall semester during a 2-h class session as part of a leadership elective leadership course and a private liberal arts institution distributes the 5 Voices assessment to all students during a 1-h spring semester required course. ResultsResponses from 456 PharmD students were included in the analysis, with 159 (34.9%) and 297 (65.1%) coming from the University of Minnesota and Drake University, respectively. Overall, 49.1% of PharmD students had nurturer as their foundational (first) voice. No differences were found in the distribution of first voices between institutions. The PharmD data are higher than the nurturer population-level average (43%). ConclusionIntroducing students to the 5 Voices assessment provides an opportunity for them to gain a better understanding of what they can contribute to a team. In addition, because nurturer is a dominant voice, this understanding can help provide appreciation for other voices necessary for team development.

“Outstanding”: early Schwarze and the seeds of melodrama

ABSTRACT In this essay, I reflect on how ideas and commitments that defined Steve Schwarze’s early engagements with rhetorical studies shaped his later work on environmental melodrama. Steve and I met as teenagers when we were both undergraduates at Drake University, studying with Robert Hariman, who encouraged his students to publish our own journal, Diatribe. Steve’s writings in that journal are astonishingly prescient and presage the later emphasis in his work on kairos, moral framings, feelings as a legitimate part of public discourse, and the need for self-reflexivity about the scholarly enterprise. I consider the impact of Steve’s work on my own thinking with an exploration of how his insights about melodrama illuminate the rhetorical force of the youth climate movement.

What is the GCPR?

The Conversation puts an ear to current discussion in the field. With scholars reevaluating the legacy of every facet of Religious Studies, the team at the Bulletin thought to check in with what is happening in the world of philosophy. In so doing, we learned about an exciting endeavor known as Global Critical Philosophy of Religion. Philosophers Nathan Loewen University of Alabama), Tim Knepper (Drake University), and Gereon Kopf (Luther College) were kind enough to answer our questions about GCPR.

Eudora Welty Society

Eudora Welty Society Donnie McMahand and Kevin Murphy After two years of virtual events during the height of the COVID pandemic, the Eudora Welty Society made a much-anticipated return to inperson conferences in 2022. At the May conference of the American Literature Association (ALA) in Chicago, the Society met and conducted its annual business meeting with current officers presiding: Donnie McMahand and Kevin Murphy, Presidents; Rebecca Harrison, Vice President; and Laura Wilson, Treasurer. Additionally, the society sponsored two panels, a roundtable, and a reprised dramatic reading of Welty's "Moon Lake," led by adaptor and director Brenda Currin and performed by Welty scholars. (Thereafter, Laura Wilson interviewed Brenda Currin for the Eudora Welty Review volume 14, 2022.) In June, the society sponsored two panels at the biennial conference for the Society for the Study of Southern Literature (SSSL). The Society also presented a roundtable in October at the ALA Symposium "The Historical Imagination in American Literature" in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The year 2022 marked a transition to a new listserv for the Society, replacing the old listserv hosted by Emory University. All future Society correspondence should be directed to our new listserv at eudorawelty society@baylor.edu. Society members are also eligible for numerous awards sponsored by the EWS. The Society regularly supports young Welty scholars by awarding travel grants to graduate students presenting at ALA. Recipients for 2022 included Jacob Agner, Summer Delgado, Nathaniel Hawlish, and Grace McCright, who each received $100. In conjunction with the Eudora Welty Review, the Society awards the annual Ruth Vande Kieft prize for an outstanding essay on Welty. The 2022 prize of $150 went to Judy Butterfield for her essay "'An Is Different from My Is': The Lost Mother and the Subjectivity of the Motherless Child in Faulkner's As I Lay Dying and Welty's Delta Wedding," which appeared in volume 14 of this journal. At the 2022 SSSL conference, the society [End Page 193] honored two recipients of the biennial Phoenix Award given to a scholar who has made considerable contributions to Welty studies. Since the pandemic precluded public recognition of the 2019–2020 winner, David McWhirter, the Society recognized both David and the 2021–2022 winner, Mae Miller Claxton. The Critical Perspectives on Eudora Welty series published by the University Press of Mississippi released three new volumes in 2022: Eudora Welty and Mystery: Hidden In Plain Sight (Dec. 2022), edited by Jacob Agner and Harriet Pollack; The Eye That Is Language: A Transatlantic View of Eudora Welty (May 2022) by Danièle Pitavy-Souques and editor Pearl Amelia McHaney; and Exposing Mississippi: Eudora Welty's Photographic Reflections (Mar. 2022) by Annette Trefzer, which won the 2022 Eudora Welty Prize. All three volumes can be purchased on the University Press of Mississippi's website: upress.state.ms.us. For further information about these volumes' contents and contributors, see the Checklist of Welty Scholarship elsewhere in this issue. The Eudora Welty Society will host two panels and a roundtable at the 2023 American Literature Association Conference in Boston. Topics include 1) Material Welty Roundtable, 2) Gender, Objects, and Welty, and 3) The Sensual, Sexual, and Erotic Welty. Below is a detailed list of the conference panels hosted by the Eudora Welty Society in 2022: American Literature Association Conference, May 26–28, 2022, Chicago, Illinois Eudora Welty and Performance Chair: Harriet Pollack, College of Charleston 1. "Stagestruck: Eudora Welty and the Theater," Suzanne Marrs, Millsaps College 2. "'That's me': Eudora Welty and the Performative Self," Katie Berry Frye, Pepperdine University 3. "The (Cinematic) Eye of Her Story: Eudora Welty and Film," Jacob Agner, University of Mississippi 4. "Eudora Welty's Cinematic Spaces: Inhabiting 'Why I live at the P.O,'" Dina Smith, Drake University 5. "On the Process of Adapting Eudora Welty for Performance," Brenda Currin, Independent Scholar, Actress, and Adaptor [End Page 194] Eudora Welty and Ecology Chair: Sarah Ford, Baylor University 1. "'It was said she believed in evolution': An Ecogothic Reading of 'Moon Lake,'" Grace McCright, Baylor University 2. "Eudora Welty's Dual Vision of Arcadia," Pearl McHaney, Georgia State University 3. "Laurel's Influx and Efflux: Reading the Non-human in The Optimist's Daughter," Nathaniel...

Look: How a Highly Influential Magazine Helped Define Mid-Twentieth Century America

Look: How a Highly Influential Magazine Helped Define Mid-Twentieth Century America

SNAP Healthy Food Pricing Incentive Programs: State Comparison & Evaluation

ObjectivesTo provide state policy recommendations to support Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) healthy food pricing incentive programs. MethodsThe researchers analyzed SNAP healthy food pricing incentive programs across the U.S., specifically double Up Food Bucks, deployed surveys to gather information on success of incentive programs in states with active programs, compared SNAP incentive appropriations across states and over time, evaluated the available data on program outcomes and success and created specific policy recommendations, and identified ways to support incentive funding. ResultsNon-state funded programs impacted an average of 50.5% of counties in any given state compared to an average of 65% of counties in states with state-funded programs. Non-state funded programs generate on average $1.40 in local economic activity compared to $1.79 generated in state-funded programs. State-funded organizations host more farmers markets and CSAs within their state than non-state-funded organizations, and while some state-funded programs only have one grocery store retailer within their state, they present a higher average of grocery store retailers who take part in their program than non-state-funded programs. Contrary, non-state-funded programs partner with more mobile markets in each state than state-funded programs. 25% of non-state funded organizations reported that their programs definitely had a positive influence on diet-related chronic diseases compared to 66.7% of state-funded organizations response (emphasis added). ConclusionsState-funded programs have a greater economic impact and have more positive health outcomes than non-state funded programs. State-funded programs suggest that focusing on the political parties of legislators may result in the most successful outcomes of receiving state funding by communicating specific variables to individuals in each specific party. Funding SourcesFunding was provided through The Harkin Institute of Public Policy & Citizen Engagement at Drake University.

Review: Religions of Beijing, edited by You Bin and Timothy Knepper and Photography by Bob Blanchard

Religions of Beijing is a long photo essay on seventeen of Beijing’s most prominent and historically significant Buddhist, Daoist, Christian, Confucian, and folk religion places of worship. While far from encyclopedic in its coverage of these select sites, the text provides more information and cultural context than most tourist guidebooks, and could effectively be used as one. All of the religious sites examined are approved and regulated by the government of the Peoples Republic of China, of course.This attractively produced book is the end-product of an obviously intense, high budget faculty-student collaborative research project. The bilingual text, Chinese on the left-hand pages and English on the right, was written in short formulaic sections by Chinese students from Minzu University and then professionally translated into English. Drake University students subsequently edited the entries in collaboration with the Chinese student authors. Many of the Drake student-editors visited the sites as well. While artifacts of the original Chinese wording and construction are discernable in the text—as well as subtle signs of Chinese governmental indoctrination and analytical categories—the effect is mostly charming, and intelligibility is never a problem. Occasional normative passages reveal the students’ awkward efforts to sound sympathetic to traditions they do not follow. Again, this is part of the appeal. The more than one hundred color photos accompanying the entries were taken by Bob Blanchard, a professional photographer. They’re beautiful and bring the descriptions to life, but they undermine the students’ role in the collaboration, at least in my opinion. Surely many students possess the camera skills to document a project like this.In structure and design, Religions of Beijing is modeled on A Spectrum of Faith, a 2017 book exploring the temples and places of worship of major world religions in greater Des Moines, Iowa, also written by Drake students, edited by Knepper, and with photographs by Bob Blanchard. Both books demonstrate the value of faculty-student collaborative research and publication. Religions of Beijing, in particular, stands out as the most impressive outcome of a faculty-student research project I have ever seen.Given the ongoing suppression of religion in the PRC, student travel groups might wish to boycott the country, so this is a project unlikely to be duplicated, either in Beijing or in other communities within the country. As a stimulus for similar projects elsewhere, however, the book has solid value, both suggesting a format and serving as an inspiration.

What color bag? Three emerging practices pharmacists should know

What color bag? Three emerging practices pharmacists should know

Thomas H. Kunz

Thomas H. Kunz

Judge rules in favor of university

Case name: Rossley v. Drake University, et al., No. 19‐1392 (8th Cir. 05/04/20).

A minute with …

A minute with …

Judge rules in favor of university

Case name: Rossley v. Drake University, et al., No. 19‐1392 (8th Cir. 05/04/20).

Judge rules in favor of university

Case name: Rossley v. Drake University, et al., No. 19‐1392 (8th Cir. 05/04/20).

Forging ahead from adaptations of teaching during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Perspectives from multiple pharmacy programs

AbstractThe introduction of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in the Spring semester of 2020 sent many educational units, elementary to higher education, scrambling to move content to remote learning. Within a professional program, this push highlighted gaps or potential pitfalls in preparing students to enter the health care field. This article highlights lessons learned in remote teaching during the pandemic from six unique colleges and schools of pharmacy: Auburn University, Drake University, Purdue University, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, and University of Utah. These lessons learned pertain to remote content delivery, student engagement, skill development, and assessments within the classroom and experiential settings. Within the classroom setting, the challenges, literature, personal experiences, and key recommendations for lecture‐based learning, group‐based learning, lab‐based learning, and assessments are described. Similarly, for the experiential setting, the challenges, literature, personal experiences, and key recommendations are also described, including training learners for remote patient care as well as examples for remote experiential activities and assessment. Forging ahead, there will be a continued need for future research for remote learning within pharmacy education.

September 2020 Placement Ads

September 2020 Placement Ads

Character in exam question sends law school student to OCR's door

Case name: Letter to: Drake University, No. 05‐16‐2194 (OCR 09/15/16).

Low‐Dose Metformin Treatment Ameliorates Renal Dysfunction and Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Nephropathy

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end‐stage renal disease in the United States. About one‐third of patients with diabetes develop renal dysfunction, commonly referred to as diabetic nephropathy. Metformin is a widely prescribed antidiabetic medication for patients with type 2 diabetes; however, its direct effects on the renal function besides normalizing glucose levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy are poorly understood. Thus, the objective of our study was to investigate the effects of a non‐glucose lowering, low‐dose metformin treatment on the diabetic kidney using a genetic mouse model of type 2 diabetes.MethodsOur study utilized db/db mice (Leprdb), which harbor a mutation in their leptin receptors, and hence, show the signs and symptoms similar to those experienced in patients with type 2 diabetes. To accelerate the progression of nephropathy, each mouse had their left kidney removed at ten weeks of age. Heterozygous mice were used as a control group for the study. Our study had four treatment groups (n=8 per group): 1) Vehicle‐treated control (non‐diabetic), 2) Metformin‐treated control (non‐diabetic), 3) Diabetic, vehicle‐treated, and 4) Diabetic, metformin‐treated. Mice were treated with either vehicle or metformin (100 mg/kg/day) for four weeks. Fasting blood glucose and urine samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study. Plasma and kidney tissue samples were collected at the end of the study. Markers of renal dysfunction such as elevations in urine albumin‐creatinine ratio (UACR) and plasma creatinine were measured in the samples collected from the study. Alpha‐smooth muscle (α‐SMA), a marker of renal fibrosis, were measured in kidney samples via Western blotting.ResultsOur results showed that the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were elevated in the diabetic mice (470.29 ±73.35 mg/dL) at the beginning of the study and were gradually increased with disease progression (672.57 ±107.88 mg/dL). Our results also demonstrated that low‐dose metformin treatment did not lower FBG levels in diabetic mice (583.38 ±195.77 mg/dL). However, metformin treatment was able to prevent the increase in UACR in diabetic mice (205.3 ±112.5 vs. 117.53 ±61.56 μg albumin/mg creatinine). Results from the plasma creatinine levels show that diabetic mice had increased plasma creatinine levels (0.72 ±0.07 mg/dL) compared to the control mice (0.51 ±0.06 mg/dL). Intriguingly, low‐dose metformin treatment did not prevent the diabetes‐induced elevations in plasma creatinine levels. Western blot analysis for α‐SMA indicated that only the diabetic mice expressed α‐SMA in the kidney and low‐dose metformin treatment diminished renal expression of α‐SMA in diabetic mice.ConclusionOur findings suggest that low‐dose metformin treatment improves renal function, and ameliorates renal fibrosis observed with diabetic nephropathy. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanisms that underlie the nephroprotective effects of low‐dose metformin therapy in diabetic mice.Support or Funding InformationFundingThis study was supported by intramural funds received from Drake University through Harris Research Endowment, Kresge Endowment, and Provost fund.

Birth across Borders: Migueleña Maternal Experience in Palm Beach County, Florida

Inbal Mazar is an Assistant Professor of Spanish language and culture at Drake University. Living in six countries sparked an appreciation for cultures worldwide. She strives to share this enthusiasm by promoting culture in and out of the classroom and building connections between students with local, national and international communities. She earned a PhD in Comparative Studies (Florida Atlantic University 2015) with a focus on Gender Studies and Sociology and a master’s degree in Spanish (Florida Atlantic University 2008). Her research centers on migration and health from a transnational perspective. She has conducted comparative transnational fieldwork in San Miguel Acatán, a highland hamlet in Huehuetenango, Guatemala and in Palm Beach County, Florida to better understand how migration influences Guatemalan Maya maternal care.

Preface

The 31st International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions (XXXI ICPEAC) was held in the region of Normandy, France, starting with the tutorials at the University of Caen Normandie on July 23, 2019, and followed by the main conference on July 24-30, 2019 at the Deauville International Conference Centre. Held biannually, ICPEAC is one of the largest conferences on the atomic and molecular physics calendar, and covers the recent progress in photonic, electronic, and atomic collisions with matter. With a history dating back to 1958, the ICPEAC has its second coming to France, the first of which being the 1977 edition in Paris. The organization of ICPEAC 2019, the tutorials, and some of the satellite meetings involved 15 French institutes belonging to CNRS and various universities or institutions, and located all over the country. With the selection of France as the ICPEAC XXXI venue the local organizers began their preparations six years ahead in anticipation of the event.The conference brought together 615 participants from 43 countries with 32% of young researchers (PhD students or doctors who defended their PhD less than 4 years ago) and 28% of female scientists.ICPEAC XXXI aroused the submission of 808 abstracts among which 41% were submitted by young scientists. In April 2019, the ICPEAC General Committee has reviewed 761 Regular s submitted before 10 March 2019 and has selected “hot topics” as Special Reports. The Local Organizing Committee has examined 47 post-deadline abstracts submitted before 15 June, 2019. The Scientific Conference Program included 749 abstracts that were scheduled for presentation in one of the five poster sessions organized according to 18 different topics representing the main fields of ICPEAC 2019. The full poster list is published in the Conference Handbook available on line and was distributed in printed form to the participants. Among these abstracts, 469 are presented in issues 6-23 of this volume of the Journal of Physics Conference Series.In addition, five plenary lectures by Joachim Burgdörfer (Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU-Wien, Austria), Klaus Bartschat (Drake University, USA), Christoph Bostedt (Paul Scherrer Institute & Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland), Astrid Bergeat (Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, University of Bordeaux, France), and Hidetoshi Katori (RIKEN & University of Tokyo, Japan) have been presented along with 62 progress reports and 28 special reports. Detailed write-ups of some of the invited lectures and reports are presented in issues 1-5 of this volume, constituting a tangible record of the meeting.Preceding the main conference, three distinguished scientists, Gordon Drake (University of Windsor, Canada), Anne L’Huillier (Lund Attosecond Science Center, LTH, Sweden) and Thomas Stöhlker (Helmholtz Institute Jena, Germany) gave tutorial lectures specifically designed for students and early-career researchers.During the conference, the 2019 IUPAP Young Scientist Prize was awarded to Andreas Mooser (Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics & CERN) and Christian Smorra (CERN). The Sheldon Datz Prize for an Outstanding Young Scientist attending ICPEAC was awarded to Vincent Lemelin (Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Sherbrooke University, Canada).The Local Organizing Committee would like to express its gratitude to the “Société Française de Physique”, the International Union for Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), the European Physical Society, the City of Deauville, the Normandy Region, the University of Caen Normandie and all the conference sponsors for their financial aid which made the event possible, offered the tutorials to all the young scientists, and supported 45% of them to attend the main conference.Finally, the Local Organizing Committee would like to thank all the ICPEAC participants for their support and contributions to the conference.The Editors,For the proceedings of the ICPEAC XXXI papers:Lorenzo Ugo Ancarani, LPCT, CNRS-Université de LorraineChristian Bordas, ILM, CNRS-Université de LyonFranck Lépine, ILM, CNRS-Université de LyonDominique Vernhet, INSP, CNRS-Sorbonne UniversitéFor the proceedings of the ICPEAC XXXI abstracts:Henri Bachau, CELIA, CNRS-Université de BordeauxRichard Brédy, ILM, CNRS-Université de LyonOlivier Dulieu, LAC, CNRS-Université Paris-SaclayFrancis Penent, LCPMR, CNRS-Sorbonne UniversitéDominique Vernhet, INSP, CNRS-Sorbonne Université

An Arabic translation of Susan Glaspell's play, "Trifles"

This is an Arabic translation of “Trifles”, a famous play by prominent American playwright Susan Glaspell (1876-1948). Glaspell was one of the founders of the Playwright’s Theatre, formerly recognized as the Provincetown Players in the United States of America. She wrote ten novels, twenty plays, and more than forty short stories. “Trifles” is a one-act play written in 1916.2 It is considered to be one of Susan Glaspell’s major works. “Trifles” is a play that is frequently anthologized in American literature textbooks. The play was based on the murder case of the sixty-year-old farmer, John Hossack, which was covered widely by Susan Glaspell while she was working as a journalist with the Des Moines Daily News immediately after her graduation from Drake University. Accordingly, “Trifles” presents the murder of an oppressive husband by his emotionally abused wife. It is an attempt to re-address the John Hossack case from the point of view of women who might not have a similar viewpoint of the nature of marital disagreement and domestic unhappiness.3 The murder happened in a period where women had insufficient protection from domestic abuse, and had not yet obtained the right to vote. The main characters of the play are: 1- The Sheriff, Mr. Henry Peters; 2- Mrs. Peters(wife of the Sheriff); 3- Mr. Lewis Hale (a neighbour of Mr. and Mrs. Wright); 4- Mrs. Hale (wife of Mr. Hale); and 5- The County Attorney, Mr. George Henderson. The off-stage characters are: 1- Mr. John Write (the victim); 2-Mrs. Minnie Write (the victim’s wife); 3- Frank (Deputy Sheriff); 4- Harry (a helper of Mr.Lewis Hale); 5- Dr. Lloyd (the coroner). The play addressed the life of Mrs. Wright who becameenraged and took the life of her abusive and violent husband after he killed her bird. The motivefor murder was the killing of the canary because it represented freedom for her. Mrs. Wright, theprotagonist, lived through a series of emotions, such as rage, shock, lack of feeling, rejection,and deep sadness, mainly because the loss of her bird was sudden, surprising and unforeseen.4 She considered the death of her bird as a great calamity, as she lost something extremely crucialin her life. Susan Glaspell chose the title of the play from a line stated by one of the characters inthe play, Mr. Lewis Hale, when he says: “Well, women are used to worrying about trifles.” The title demonstrates irony when Mrs. Minnie Wright seemed to be more concerned about triflesthan she is about being under arrest for murder. This English play, “Trifles,” was chosen to betranslated into Arabic because of its significance and association to the Arab culture. For thesake of wide readability, it was translated into Modern Standard Arabic (formal Arabic), as it isquite the same in all Arab countries.