Management Of Drainage Systems Research Articles

Climate change impacts on magnitude and frequency of urban floods under scenario and model uncertainties

Many studies have confirmed that climate change leads to frequent urban flooding, which can lead to significant socioeconomic repercussions. However, most existing studies have not evaluated the impacts of climate change on urban flood from both event-scale and annual-scale dimensions. In addition, there are only few studies that simultaneously consider scenario and model uncertainties of climate change, and combine flood risk assessment and uncertainty analysis results to provide practical suggestions for urban drainage system management. This study uses the statistical downscaling method to calculate the design rainfall under ten rainfall return periods of four climate models and three climate change scenarios in 2040s, 2060s, and 2080s in various prefecture-level cities in China. The four climate models are HadGEM2- ES, MPI-ESM-MR, NorESM1-M and FGOALS-g2 models and the three climate change scenarios are constructed by different representative concentration pathways (RCP), namely RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. On this basis, relying on the generated drainage systems using geographical information and other data, event-scale and annual-scale precipitation are combined to calculate the change ratio of annual flood volume expectation in prefecture-level cities in each future year compared with the current situation. Furthermore, the study evaluates scenario and model uncertainties of climate change, and then comprehensively integrates the flood risk and its uncertainties to provides suggestions for urban drainage system management.

Kaedah dan Kegunaan dalam Perlaksanaan Integrasi BIM-GIS dan Potensinya dalam Pengurusan Sistem Saliran: Satu Tinjauan

The ability of Geographic Information System (GIS) applications to manage three-dimensional (3D) data is increasing along with advancements in current technology, and this ability can be further enhanced through the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology. While the combination of BIM and GIS technologies provides significant benefits to human life, there are several challenges and limitations that need to be addressed for successful implementation. Therefore, research on previous articles will be conducted to examine the challenges and potential of this integration. This paper will begin with searching for relevant previous articles using appropriate keywords on Web of Science and Scopus. The search will be conducted in two parts, articles related to BIM-GIS integration with keywords "BIM" AND "GIS," and articles concerning the usage of 3D data in GIS applications for drainage system management using keywords "GIS" AND "3D" AND "DRAINAGE." From these articles, observations will be made regarding (1) the structure of BIM-GIS integration data, (2) implemented integration methods, (3) utilization of integration models, and (4) the potential of BIM-GIS Integration in managing 3D drainage system data. The research identifies key challenges in BIM-GIS integration, including differences in class numbers, dissimilar class arrangement, geometry creation methods, and georeference system application. To address these challenges, standard protocols based on specific requirements need to be established by considering organizational needs to ensure a consistent integration process. The paper also recognizes significant potential in employing BIM-GIS integration for drainage system management.

The Effect of Low Impact Development Implementing on Flood Discharge of Outflow Drainage in the Lakarsantri District Surabaya City

The drainage system in Lakarsantri District, Surabaya, applies a conventional drainage system which only focuses on water quantity. This is shown by flood events that occur in the area and downstream of the channel. A new paradigm in the management of drainage systems is a low impact development concept that focuses on conservation efforts and the use of natural features to carry out small-scale engineering to control surface runoff of rainwater in watersheds. This research aims to find a good model that can be applied with significant influence. This research was carried out by modeling using the SWMM application with 3 scenarios, scenario 1 Porous Pavement LID, scenario 2 Vegetative Swale LID, scenario 3 50% Porous Pavement + 50% Vegetative Swale LID. The results of the modeling show that scenario 1 has the effect of reducing surface runoff discharge by 0,385 ha-m, which in existing conditions has a surface runoff of 6,574 ha-m and then reducing to 6,189 ha-m with an installation percentage of 2,81% of the total area by ​​the research location.

Ecological risk assessment of metal pollution in the surface sediments of delta region, Egypt

The surface sediments from eleven sectors perpendicular to the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea coast, along the delta region, have been assessed. These sectors cover areas of Eastern Harbour, Abu Qir Bay, Rosetta, Abo Khashaba, Burullus, Baltim, Damietta, and Manzala. The assessment process is based on determining the eight metals’ (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Co, Pb, and Cd) content, followed by applying different pollution and ecological risk indices such as enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation factor (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), degree of contamination (Cdeg.), Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI). The results indicate the average concentrations of metals (μg/g) were Fe (18,000), Mn (213), Zn (120), Ni (26), Co (13), Cu (12), Pb (10), and Cd (2). The single-pollution indices reveal that most metals were depleted to metal levels, the sediments were moderately polluted with Cd and unpolluted with other metals, and the CF values confirmed that the sediments were highly polluted with Cd and low contaminated with the rest of the metals. According to the integrated pollution indices, the Eastern Harbour, Damietta, Manzalah, and Bardawil (eastern Inlet) are the most polluted sectors relative to the rest, subjected to various point sources of pollution. Drainage management system is recommended to enhance water conservation and improve fish stocks.

Review of The Existing Drainage Channel Development Method (Case Study: Semani Road Environment (Sentosa-Remaja-Ahmad Yani)

The purpose of this review study is to see the effectiveness of the method of implementing primary canals in the Semani environment (Sentosa-Remaja-Ahmad Yani) Management and Development of Drainage Systems that are Directly Connected to Rivers across Regency/City Areas and Provincial Strategic Areas. This condition shows the importance of handling drainage problems. Measurements use mechanical and manual, data collection is carried out in natural settings (natural conditions), primary data sources and data collection techniques involve more participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. From the results of reviews and observations during practical work, I concluded that we can really learn the techniques and conditions for making good drainage. so that the desired results can be maximized. The benefit of this study review is that we know how effective the work of the Semani environmental drainage project (Sentosa-Remaja-Ahmad Yani) is. It is hoped that this will eliminate the problem of flooding in the area

Effects of paddy irrigation-drainage system on water quality and productivity of small rivers in the Himi region of Toyama, Central Japan

The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of differences between historical and recently introduced irrigation and drainage management systems on water quality in the rivers around paddy fields. We investigated the seasonal variation in nutrients concentration and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) components in single- (used for intake only) and dual-purpose (used for both intake and drainage) channels during a 4-year period in the Himi region of Toyama, Central Japan. The system of dual-purpose channel has traditionally been used in the region of this study. A total of 197 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3DEEM) fluorescence spectra of DOM in waters were applied for the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling. Based on the 3DEEM and PARAFAC, the abundance of terrestrial humic-like components in the dual-purpose channel was significantly higher than that in the single-purpose channel. The even long-chain n-fatty acids derived associated with rice cropping in sediments of the dual-purpose channels were 22−30-fold higher than that of the single-purpose channel. In addition, the turbidity values of the river waters had significantly positive linear correlations with concentrations of K+, DOC, and humic-like components. These observations indicate that the dissolved nutrient concentrations in the river water were higher in the dual-purpose channel compared to those of the single-purpose channel, which may be supplied by leaching from the inflow of soil particles from the paddy fields. During the mid-irrigation period, the quantity of epiphytic chlorophyll a on artificial substrate tiles in the dual-purpose channel were 3.1–4.1-fold higher than that in the single-purpose channel. This study clear that the input of paddy drainage during the irrigation season significantly changes the DOC components in river waters and irrigation management is strongly linked to the primary production in agricultural channels. Therefore, it is important to consider the impact of the introduction of different irrigation and drainage management systems on water quality and productivity in order to maintain the riverine ecosystems around rice paddies, which are based on historical water use systems.

Editorial: Advances in drainage system management and development.

Editorial: Advances in drainage system management and development.

Assessment and zoning of self-cleaning ability of urban inner canal group in Ho Chi Minh City

The rapid urbanization of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is a huge pressure upon the surface water quality as well as its self-cleaning capacity. Every day, a large amount of domestic wastewater is discharged directly into the canal system with concentrations of toxic pollutant components. The assessment of the quality and self-cleaning capacity of canal water by the oxy declining process is a basic foundation for the planning and management of waste water drainage and treatment system in the City. With the application of oxy declining and osmotic experiential coefficient formulas into the oxidation process equation (Streeter-Phelpse), the self-cleaning capacity are determined and classified at any time and positions. The self-cleaning capacity depended on the hydraulic and quality condition of canals. The research of self-cleaning capacity is implemented for urban inner canal system of HCMC in the period 2012 – 2021. Based on the assessment’s results, the distribution of self-cleaning capacity levels is mapped to analyse the changes and zone. The zoning maps expressed suitability the distribution levels of self-cleaning capacity with high visualization. And they are a valuable basis for planning and decision making on the solutions to improve environment quality of the relative management agencies of HCMC.

Optimal sensor placement for the routine monitoring of urban drainage systems: A re-clustering method

The construction of an efficient monitoring network is critical for the effective and safe management of urban drainage systems. This study developed a re-clustering methodology that incorporates additional perspectives beyond node similarity to improve the traditional clustering process for optimal sensor placement. Instead of targeting event-specific water quality or hydraulic monitoring, the method integrates the water hydraulic and quality characteristics of nodes in response to the demand for routine monitoring. The implementation of this method first applies model simulation to generate the attribute datasets required for clustering analysis, and then re-clusters the initial clustering result according to the constructed re-clustering potential indices. And the information theory-based evaluation metrics were introduced to quantitatively assess the sensor deployment scheme obtained by amalgamating the two clustering results. Two networks with different drainage systems and sizes were chosen as case studies to illustrate the application of the framework. The results demonstrate that the clustering process enables to expand the information contained in the monitoring network, and that the re-clustering strategy can generate more comprehensive and practical solutions upon this basis.

THE FREQUENCY AND IMPACT OF FLOODING IN THE SYLHET DIVISION OF BANGLADESH: AN INVESTIGATION

The recent flash floods in Sylhet and Haor areas this year were particularly devastating. In June 2022, the flash floods in Sylhet broke all the previous records in the country. In this terrible flood, about 90 percent of the area of the Sylhet division went underwater. This study investigated the impact of the recent flash flood of 2022, in the Haor areas of the Sylhet division. The impact of these disasters on human livelihoods and agriculture was identified using a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative analysis) approach from the field survey. Historical rainfall data (1970-2022) of Srimangal and Sylhet rain-gauge stations were collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). Field data were collected through four FGDs involving people of various sectors in the concerned areas. The study found one of the causes of the flash flood is the fact that 2017 and 2022 saw the biggest amounts of rainfall ever recorded, as well as abrupt, relatively significant rainfall over the summer. These flash floods happen because of heavy rainfall and hill slopes coming down from upstream, the sedimentation of canals and rivers, improper canal and river digging, and poor management of Sylhet city's drainage system. The research findings go into great detail regarding the local perspectives of the underlying problem, such as how crop damage results in increasing food shortages, rising poverty rates, debt, inequality, and uncertain livelihoods. Finally, a few potential solutions have been suggested in the study for minimizing the loss following such kinds of natural calamities.

KAJIAN TINGKAT KELAYAKAN SANITASI LINGKUNGAN PERMUKIMAN MLATIBARU KOTA SEMARANG

<p><em>Mlatibaru is one of the settlements located in the District of East Semarang which has an unfavorable environment so it needs to get a lot of attention and handling. A clean and healthy environment can be influenced by the behavior of people living within the scope of that environment. The lack of environmental health in the Mlatibaru settlement is not only influenced by community behavior, but also influenced by several factors such as a less than optimal sanitation system, namely the drainage system (waste water), clean water, solid waste, and waste management, which can reduce the feasibility of the system. sanitation and cause environmental pollution. Because the availability of the sanitation system does not have to run properly, there will always be problems. Where as a result, besides being able to reduce the feasibility of sanitation, it can also cause environmental pollution such as tidal flooding. The purpose of this study is to examine the sanitation conditions such as the drainage system (wastewater), clean water, solid waste, and waste management as well as how the level of sanitation in the Mlatibaru settlement area is. This study uses quantitative methods. With the method of data collection observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The results of the study of the feasibility level of sanitation in Mlatibaru settlements are the drainage system (wastewater) which is included in the moderate level, clean water is included in the high feasible level, solid waste is included in the low feasible level, and waste management is included in the moderate feasible level. So in this case, it is necessary for the community to have an active role in improving the quality of sanitation provision to continue to improve the health of the residential environment.</em></p>

Building an urban drainage database (GIS) for urban planning and management: A case study in Cao Bang Province Viet Nam

The management of urban drainage systems faces many shortcomings in many urban areas in developing countries, including Vietnam. This poor management is causing economic and environmental consequences, especially flooding. One of the reasons is that urban areas have not applied technology in management, do not have a database of the status of current urban drainage system, so the management skills is not scientific and there is no forecasting technique. GIS technology is a highly effective management support tool in many cities around the world, and the Vietnamese government has also issued regulations requiring the use of GIS in urban management. This paper studies the process of establishing a GIS database for urban drainage in ArcGIS sofware and a case study in Cao Bang city, Vietnam. The results of this study are a reference for cities that want to use GIS technology in urban management and the database of this study is for Cao Bang City in Vietnam to be used to integrate into the database of city (big data) in Viet Nam government-oriented urban management.

DETERMINATION OF EVALUATION INDICATORS FOR PRE-ABANDONED PROJECT BASED ON SUSTAINABLE GOAL DEVELOPMENT ASPIRATION

Every project management will strive to ensure that one project can operate without any problems. Unfortunately, some projects are still abandoned due to certain reasons. If the abandonment occurs, the requirement to submit an abandonment plan is stipulated on the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guideline in Malaysia, 2016. Unfortunately, still lack of resources on pre-project abandonment guidelines which will lead to poor project abandonment report preparation and assessment. Thus, this study aims to determine crucial indicators for assessing the pre-abandoned project, proposing a framework of Malaysia Guidelines for Pre- Project Abandonment Plan (PAP), and validating the draft of the Malaysia Guidelines Framework for PAP. The collected data was compiled from various sources, including document review, survey, and Delphi Method (focus group discussion). The survey conducted proved that the most crucial indicators for the assessment of pre-abandoned project were (i) waste management, (ii) allocation of environmental budgeting, (iii) inventory of scheduled waste, (iv) slurry management, (v) method of demolished, (vi) safety and health of workers, (vii)drainage management system, (viii) site management, (ix) type of treatment plant, and (x) site housekeeping. This framework will assist both report preparer and policymakers on project abandonment report preparation and evaluation, respectively. The development of this framework was strengthened by comprising related legislations, and each indicator synchronized towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2030.

Impact of controlled drainage on corn yield under varying precipitation patterns: A synthesis of studies across the U.S. Midwest and Southeast

Controlled drainage (CD) is a valuable management practice for reducing drainage volume and nutrient loss, but its impact on corn (Zea mays L.) production is not completely understood. The objectives of this study were to investigate the regional effect of CD on corn grain yield compared to free drainage (FD), investigate the factors influencing corn yield response to CD, provide management recommendations for optimizing corn yield under CD, and identify future research needs for corn production on poorly drained soils with subsurface drainage systems. This synthesis included data collected from 13 field sites where corn was planted under both FD and CD in six U.S. Midwestern states and North Carolina totaling 55 site-years of data from 2006 to 2017. On average, there was no statistically significant difference in corn grain yield between CD (10.62 Mg/ha) and FD (10.53 Mg ha−1). However, 42% of the dataset indicated that CD either increased or decreased corn yield by 4% or more compared to FD. Further analysis was conducted on this subset of data in order to evaluate underlying factors (i.e., weather conditions during the season, soil type, and drainage system design and management) influencing corn yield response to CD. Results of this analysis showed that CD was effective in alleviating plant stress caused by mild to moderate drought conditions and subsequently increased corn grain yield by 4–14% in 12 site-years. In contrast, CD reduced corn grain yield by 4–10% during wet growing seasons (6 site-years). Variability in growing season precipitation has been identified as a key factor influencing corn grain yield under CD, and more active management or CD system automation is recommended. General recommendations are provided for managing manually operated CD systems in the U.S. Midwest to improve growing season water management and corn yield. Additional research to develop technologically advanced water management systems for crop production on poorly drained soils is needed in order to adapt to changing weather patterns.

Seepage and Groundwater Numerical Modelling for Managing Waterlogging in the Vicinity of the Trimmu–Sidhnai Link Canal

The present study focused on the development and application of two computer numerical models, namely, a seepage model developed using SEEP/W software and a groundwater model developed using Visual MODFLOW software. The seepage model was applied to a 38 km length of the tail reach of the Trimmu–Sidhnai (T-S) link canal passing through a severely waterlogged area of 32,000 ha, with a water table within 0–1.5 m from the ground surface; this was to quantify the canal seepage under the present condition (without any intervention) and with the interventions of a concrete lining of the complete prism of the T-S link canal and concrete side protection of the T-S link canal, with the canal bed unlined. The groundwater model evaluated the effectiveness of three waterlogging management interventions, which included: (i) the rehabilitation of the 43 existing drainage tube wells, (ii) the rehabilitation of the existing surface drains, and (iii) a combination of the rehabilitation of the 43 existing drainage tube wells and the rehabilitation of the existing surface drains. The seepage modeling revealed that the concrete lining intervention can reduce 50% of the seepage of the T-S link canal, whereas the concrete side protection intervention can reduce only 21% of the canal seepage. The groundwater modeling revealed that the waterlogging management intervention of the rehabilitation of the 43 drainage tube wells and surface drains can lower the groundwater level from 139.2 to 138.3 m (0.9 m drop), resulting in the mitigation of waterlogging in 45% (14,400 ha) of the severely waterlogged area. The present study recommends that complete concrete lining of the T-S link canal has a huge potential to reduce seepage from the canal, and the combination of the rehabilitation of the 43 drainage tube wells and surface drains also offers a great potential for controlling waterlogging. This intervention can also be considered to mitigate waterlogging from the severely waterlogged area. Cost-effectiveness analysis of the concrete lining of the T-S link canal, the rehabilitation of the 43 existing drainage tube wells, and the rehabilitation of the existing surface drains need to be performed for decision-making and selection of the most cost-effective intervention for implementation. A study needs to be conducted for the development and evaluation of economical and socio-technically feasible and acceptable preventive waterlogging management interventions, including the improved management of irrigation systems, improved irrigation management practices at the farm, improved conjunctive management of surface and groundwater, and improved management of drainage systems at the primary, secondary, and tertiary canal command levels.

Performance assessment of the operational management of urban drainage systems: a case study of Bejaia City, Algeria.

Over the recent years, managers of the Algerian National Sanitation Office (ONA) have been worrying about the degraded state of their Urban Drainage Systems (UDS). This infrastructure failure is due essentially to the lack of funding and absence of adequate structured methodology for diagnosis and maintenance. As a result, ONA's managers found it very interesting to get a tool that allows them to assess their management of UDS operation. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide an assessment tool to managers for a good network operation. The adopted approach is participative and takes into account the specific local context. Six performance indicators, grouped into two criteria, have been constructed to achieve this objective. These indicators have been chosen for their effectiveness; they are scaled to get their performance scores according to a scaling constructed here based on standards when available and to the ONA expert's recommendations. The developed tool is applied to the UDS of Bejaia City, in north-eastern Algeria. The assessment and the analysis of the performance evolution of these indicators for the period 2017-2021 are carried out. The results highlighted successes that can be maintained as well as weaknesses that need to be improved.

Assessment of CMIP6 models’ performances and projection of precipitation based on SSP scenarios over the MENAP region

Abstract Precipitation is the main component of the hydrological cycle. It has a significant effect on the ecosystem especially, irrigation and drainage system design and management, crop production, and flood and drought management. In this study, 11 global circulation models (GCMs) from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) were investigated under three shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios for precipitation simulation and projection in the future period (2021–2050). Then, the results were compared with the base period (1985–2014). The research was conducted in the MENAP region. The evaluation of GCMs’ performances by the Taylor diagram, R2, MSE, MAE, and RMSE indices showed that among the 11 models, the MPI-ESM1-2-HR model with an average R2 and RMSE of 0.6 and 18.9, respectively, was more accurate than other models in precipitation simulation in the entire region. The projection of precipitation indicated that the precipitation will mainly decrease except in areas such as the Black Sea, Mediterranean, and Red Sea coastal areas as well as mountainous and higher altitude regions in the eastern part of the study area. In addition, highest decrease rates will happen in the Middle East countries, Afghanistan, Morocco, Algeria, and Sudan. Based on different scenarios in the MENAP region, precipitation will vary between −77.3 and + 51.1 mm compared to the base period. Moreover, the lowest and highest precipitation changes were estimated based on SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. According to the various scenarios, the amount of precipitation in the future period will decrease compared to the historical period in most parts of the areas under study.

The structure design of integrated urban drainage systems: A view of robust optimization

Rapid urbanization puts a lot of pressure on urban water pollution from point and non-point sources, calling for the practical, specific, and integrated management of urban drainage systems (UDS). The structural design of an integrated UDS is essential for highly complex and uncertain urban water management. In this study, we developed a multi-objective robust optimization model to explore the optimal structures of UDS considering system uncertainty. We applied this model to City B, northern China, to illustrate its effectiveness. The results show that the model can produce optimal designs with a more robust performance in terms of structural uncertainty. When the uncertainty degree ranges from 5% to 20%, a considerable extra cost (increased by 1.10–2.68 times) is required to improve the robustness of UDS. With the increase in structural uncertainty, the fraction of the cost invested in the stormwater subsystem increased from 10.2% to 27.2%. The findings showed that stormwater management is efficient in coping with system uncertainty. The research results promote an understanding of robust urban drainage systems.

Key Points of Construction Management of Building Water Supply and Drainage System and Outdoor Comprehensive Pipeline

Key Points of Construction Management of Building Water Supply and Drainage System and Outdoor Comprehensive Pipeline

Developing Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) Curves Based on Rainfall Cumulative Distribution Frequency (CDF) for Can Tho City, Vietnam

Information on the relationship between rainfall intensity, duration and accumulation frequency or return period (IDF) is commonly utilized in the design and management of urban drainage systems. Can Tho City, located in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, is a city which has recently invested heavily in upgrading its stormwater drainage systems in the hope of preventing reoccurring flood events. Yet, much of these works were designed based on obsolete and outdated IDF rainfall curves. This paper presents an updated IDF curve for design rainfall for Can Tho City. For each duration and designated return period, a cumulative distribution function (CDF) was developed using the Pearson III, Log-Pearson III, and Log-Normal distribution functions. In order to choose the best IDF rainfall curve for Can Tho City, the CDF rainfall curve and empirical formulas used in Vietnam and Asia (Vietnamese standard 7957:2008, Department of Hydrology, Ministry of Transportation, Talbot, Kimijima, and Bermard) were compared. The goodness of fit between the IDF relationship generated by the frequency analysis (CDF curve), and that predicted by the IDF empirical formulas was assessed using the efficiency index (EI), and the root mean squared error (RMSE). The IDF built from Vietnam’s standard TCVN 7957:2008 with new parameters (A = 9594, C = 0.5, b = 26, n = 0.96) showed the best performance, with the highest values of EI (0.84 ≤EI≤ 0.93) and the lowest values of RMSE (2.5 ≤RMSE≤ 3.2), when compared to the other remnants.