Dragon Fruit Skin Extract Research Articles

Formulation of Natural Food Coloring Granules from Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and Effectiveness Test in Reducing Blood Glucose Levels

Anthocyanin is one of the many compounds in dragon fruit skin that can be used as an antioxidant. Dragon fruit skin can also lower blood glucose levels. The fact that cases of diabetes mellitus are increasing every year shows that this disease needs serious treatment. This study aims to make dragon fruit skin extract formulated in the form of granules and make dragon fruit skin extract granules that meet the requirements as natural food coloring and to determine the content and effectiveness of dragon fruit skin extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) which can lower blood glucose levels. This research method is experimental. The One Way Anova test and the Tukey HSD post-hoc test were used to analyze the data. The outcomes showed that there were 9 granule recipes that met the assessment test necessities. After being induced by 20% fructose solution, the glucose level study revealed that the treatment of dragon fruit skin extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg / kgBW was able to lower blood glucose levels in test animals. Winged serpent natural product skin concentrate can be formed as granules. Equations 2 and 3 produce the best tone. The consequences of the review reasoned that winged serpent natural product skin remove (Hylocereus polyrhizus) at dosages of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kgBW was viable in decreasing blood glucose levels in guinea pigs prompted by 20% fructose arrangement and a portion of 200 mg/kgBW gave an impact of lessening blood glucose levels that was practically equivalent to the positive control.

The Potential of Hyperglycemia Combination of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Rind Extract and Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel Extract

This study aims to determine the potential hyperglycemia of the combination of Watermelon Skin Extract (Citrullus lanatus) and Red Dragon Fruit Skin Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The research method used is the alloxane induction method. Rats were divided into 5 groups, namely positive control given metformin 45 mg / Kg BB, negative control given Na. CMC 1% w/v, and variations of test groups given combination extracts with concentration variations of 6% and 13.4%; 9% and 16.4%; and 12% and 19.4% then each group was induced alloxane at a dose of 24 mg / 200g BB. The results of the study on the negative control given NaCMC 1% did not show a decrease in blood sugar levels, in the positive control given metformin 45 mg / KgBB showed an average percent decrease of 94.12%, in the combination extract test group with a dose of 6% and 13.4% showed an average percent decrease of 25.04%; 9% and 16.4% % showed an average percent decrease of 24.69%; and 12% and 19.4% % showed an average percent decrease of 55.61%. Based on the results of this study, a combination extract of 12% and 19.4% can reduce blood sugar levels of white rats. This study proved that red watermelon peel extract and red dragon fruit peel extract have antihyperglycemia effects.

Efek Pemberian Kulit Buah Naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap Tebal Endometrium dan Miometrium Tikus Model Menopause

ABSTRACT
 Effects of Giving Red Dragon Fruit Skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as Phytoestrogens on Endometriak Thickness and Myometrium of Menopausal Model Rats
 Background: Menopause is a condition in which the body experiences a lack of estrogen due to decreased ovarian function. Decreased estrogen levels result in particular changes in the thickness and shape of the uterus. Phytoestrogens are herbal compounds that have several similarities to the functions and structures of estrogen. Phytoestrogens also can be an alternative as a therapeutic option when they need a substitute for estrogen. Among several types of phytoestrogens, anthocyanin is one of the potential. Anthocyanins are mostly found in the red dragon fruit, Hylocereus polyrhizus. Red dragon fruit skin contains anthocyanins. Anthocyanins compounds have the potential to overcome the symptoms caused by menopause through their phytoestrogens and antioxidant activity.Objective: The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of red dragon fruit skin extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on the thickness of the endometrium ad myometrium in menopausal model rats. Methods: This study applied a randomized post-test only control group design using a sample of 30 female wistar rats that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample was divided into 3 (three) treatment groups where a group was consisted of 10 female wistar rats. The treatment group 1 was the control group, while the treatment group 2 was the group given the ethanol extract of red dragon fruit skin at a dose of 60 mg/200 grBW/day for 30 days, and the treatment group 3 was the group given the ethanol extract of red dragon fruit skin at a dose of 90 mg/200 grBW/day for 30 days. Results: The study signified an increase in the endometrial thickness after being given red dragon fruit extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) at a dose of 60 mg/200 grBW and 90 mg/200 grBW in menopausal model rats. In the single-lane ANOVA test, the thickness of the endometrium found a significance value of 0.038 (p<0.05), while the thickness of the myometrium found a significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05).

Formulasi Dan Uji Fisikokimia Gel Sleeping Mask Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah Dengan Variasi Gelling Agent Hydroxypropyl Methly Cellulose (HPMC)

Gels are semi-solid preparations formed from suspensions made up of large organic molecules and small inorganic particles that permeate the liquid. Sleeping mask It is a skin care product that is used at night (before going to bed). Serious research on natural ingredients is currently being carried out, including research in the field of cosmetics. Among the advantages of natural ingredients is their antioxidant properties, which can disrupt free radicals and cause the use of antioxidants in preventing premature aging. Dragon fruit skin contains compounds polyphenol, anthocyanins and betacyanins which have antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the effect of the gelling agent Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physical properties of gel preparations sleeping mask red dragon fruit skin extract. This study uses an experimental method. Red dragon fruit skin is extracted by maceration in 96% ethanol. This study used 3 gel formulations, with various concentrations of HPMC 5%, 7% and 9%. Physicochemical tests carried out included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesion, irritation and viscosity. The results of the research show the use of variations gelling agent HPMC meets the criteria for the physicochemical test of gel preparations sleeping mask from dragon fruit skin extract which produces the best formula from gel preparations sleeping mask namely formulation III (9%) has the best evaluation.

IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN UJI TOKSISITAS HASIL FRAKSINASI EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

East Kalimantan, especially the cities of Tana Paser, is one of the producers of dragon fruit, especially red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The amount of consumer interest in red dragon fruit results in a large amount of dragon fruit peel waste that is not utilized. Several studies have shown that red dragon fruit skin extract has toxic properties that can be applied to cancer cells. So in this study, the extraction and fractionation process was carried out which was then continued with phytochemical tests and BSLT tests with the aim of knowing secondary metabolites in the aqueous extract fraction, ethyl acetate extract fraction and n-hexane extract fraction with phytochemical test methods and to determine the toxicity of the fraction. aqueous extract, ethyl acetate extract fraction and n-hexane extract fraction were carried out using the BSLT test method. The results of the phytochemical test showed that the aqueous fraction extract of dragon fruit peel contained alkaloids, phenolics and saponins. The extract of the ethyl acetate fraction of dragon fruit peel contains phenolics and flavonoids. Fralsi n-hexane dragon fruit peel \contains triterpenoids. The results of the BSLT test showed that the LC50 value of the aqueous fraction extract was 451.855 ppm, the ethyl acetate fraction extract was 374.024 ppm, and the n-hexane fraction extract was 312.176 ppm which overall was classified as moderately toxic. The highest toxicity effectiveness was shown in the n-hexane fraction extract with triterpenoid secondary metabolite compounds.

Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap Karakteristrik Jelly Drink

This study aims to determine the effect of the comparison between red dragon fruit skin extract on the characteristics of jelly drink and to get the right red dragon fruit skin extract ratio to produce jelly drink with the best characteristics. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design with treatment consisting of 5 levels of concentration ratio of red dragon fruit skin extract namely: 20%, 24%, 28%, 32%, dan 36%. Each was repeated 3 times in order to obtain 15 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and the treatment had a significant effect, then followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result showed that ratio of red dragon fruit skin extract had a significant effect on moisture content, color intensity (l,a,b), scor color, hedonic color, texture, overall acceptance, non significant effect to total anthocyanin, antioxidant capacity, aroma, and taste. The ratio of red dragon fruit skin extract concentrations of 32% produced the best characteristics, moisture content 88.02%, color intensity l* 40.83, a* 58.86, dan b* 33.36, total anthocyanin 0.98 mg/L, antioxidant capacity 9.95 mg GAEAC/100g, color liked and carmine, aroma, texture, taste, overall acceptance is liked.

Pengaruh Variasi Gliseril Monostearat pada Krim Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah Super (Hylocereus costaricensis) dan Uji Antioksidannya

A Glyceryl monostearate can be used as an emulsifier because it can affect the increase in antioxidant activity. The study aims to determine the effect of fluctuations in the concentration of glyceryl monostearate (GMS) on the physical properties of cream preparations containing 70% ethanol extract from the skin of super red dragon fruit and their antioxidant activity. The research methods carried out experimentally include the manufacture of extracts from super red dragon fruit peel, phytochemical screening using thin layer chromatography, formulations using various concentrations of glyceryl monostearate 8%, 10%, 12% then the physical quality of the cream and antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method. The results of one-way ANOVA for pH, dispersion, adhesion, and viscosity tests showed a p-value of> 0.05, indicating that there was no significant difference. The IC50 results obtained with equations 1, 2, and 3 are 3.69 mg/L, respectively. 3.98mg/L; and 4.78mg/L. Formula 3 is the best formula and estimates the antioxidant activity of Vitamin C, which is a positive control, at a value of 5.83 mg/L. The results of the irritation test showed that none of the formulations caused irritation. The preference test results showed that the respondents liked all the formulas. The conclusion of this study is that increased fluctuations in the concentration of glyceryl monostearate did not affect the physical properties of super red dragon fruit skin extract cream, but did affect its antioxidant activity.

The Role of Anthocyanin Substances from Dragon Fruit Skin Extract in Formalin Content Testing in White Tofu

One of the high-quality processed vegetable food ingredients is tofu. Tofu is made from processed soy milk with a thick texture and molded according to the right nutritional amount. White tofu is the most popular of the various forms of tofu available. Today, tofu producers have taken manipulative actions to anticipate production losses by including preservatives in the mix of ingredients used to make tofu. Most of the tofu production centers provide additional ingredients in the form of preservatives such as formalin to reduce losses from damage to the tofu they produce. The presence or absence of formalin in food can be detected using a unique component found in dragon fruit peel called anthocyanins. The methodology applied in this research is a simple and direct one, with primary data collected in the form of testing samples of white tofu collected from numerous traditional markets in the Banten area (up to ten samples). The aim of the research is to identify formalin in white tofu discovered in numerous traditional markets in Banten using natural component extracts, including dragon fruit peel extract. The results stated that there were two positive samples containing formalin and eight negative samples; the presence of formalin in tofu was indicated by a red color on the tissue. Sellers or customers can detect formalin simply by utilizing dragon fruit, allowing them to avoid formin which is harmful to health, with a simple and low-cost method.

The Effect of Giving Dragon Fruit Skin Extract (Hylocereus costarisensis) on the Quality of Se'i Beef Meat

This research has been conducted to determine the quality of processed meat mixed with dragon fruit skin extract (Hylocereus costarisensis) and determine the length of time of different watering. The method used was an experimental method with a design using a complete randomized design (CRD) consisting of 2 4x3 pattern factors consisting of 4 factors of dragon skin extract level of 0% (control), 40%, 60%, 80%, and 3 factors of duration time of watering 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours. Combining these two factors produces 12 combinations in each treatment and were repeated 3 times, thus there will be 36 experimental units. The parameters measured in the study were TBA, water activity, pH, total bacteria (TPC). Data analysis used Anova, if the impact is very significant (P<0.01) Duncan further test was conducted to determine the difference between treatment with SPSS 23 software. This study showed that the interaction between dragon fruit skin extract and the duration factor of watering had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on TBA, pH, TPC, antioxidant activity. The best combination for TBA, pH, TPC, antioxidant activity of meat se'i at 80% for 18 hours. While the activity of se'i water caused the Aw value to increase from 0.84 to 0.96, the best combination for the value of water activity meat se'i at the level of 60% with a length of 12 hours.

Increasing the Yield of Powder and Bioactive Materials during Extraction and Spray Drying of Dragon Fruit Skin Extracts

One potential utilization of dragon fruit skin is to produce bioactive materials as natural antioxidants and colorants for the food industry by extraction and spray drying. This study investigated the quality (total phenolic compounds/TPC, betacyanin and betaxanthin contents, and antioxidant activity) of the extracts and spray-dried products, and the quantity (powder yield) obtained by the use of different types and amounts of spray drying agents. Two drying agents were introduced during spray drying, i.e. maltodextrin and whey protein isolate (WPI). The result showed that a lower extraction solvent to solid ratio may result in a lower yield of TPC, betacyanin and betaxanthin contents, and also in antioxidant activity of the dragon fruit skin extract. In addition, maltodextrin and WPI were found to be able to significantly increase the yield from spray drying. The highest yield (72.7 ± 8.4%) was obtained with the use of 40% maltodextrin as drying agent, while the control yielded 9.5 ± 1.8%. Furthermore, it was found that the spray-dried product could recover more than 90% of the TPC and betacyanin in the extracts, which indicates that spray drying may be suitable for heat-sensitive materials.

Fabrication and characterization of a pH-sensitive intelligent film incorporating dragon fruit skin extract.

A novel intelligent pH‐sensing indicator based on gelatin film and anthocyanin extracted from dragon fruit skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus) (DFSE) as a natural dye was developed to monitor food freshness by the casting method. Anthocyanin content of DFSE was 15.66 ± 1.59 mg/L. Dragon fruit bovine gelatin films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moisture content, mechanical properties, water solubility, water vapor permeability (WVP), light transmittance, color, and pH‐sensing evaluations were evaluated for potential application. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the extracted anthocyanin could interact with the other film components through hydrogen bonds. When the extract was added, films showed a smooth and clear surface as observed by SEM. The addition of anthocyanin increased the moisture content, thickness, and water solubility of the films, but decreased the WVP and light transmittance of films. Also, the incorporation of 15% v/v DFSE decreased the tensile strength from 17.04 to 12.91 MPa, increasing the elongation at break from 91.19% to 107.86%. The films showed higher ΔE with increasing DFSE content, which indicated that the film had good color variability. A significant difference in the color of the films was observed with exposure to different pH buffer solutions. The findings demonstrated that gelatin film incorporated with DFSE could be used as a visual indicator of pH variations to monitor the freshness of foods during storage time.

Pemanfaatan Sari Kulit Buah Naga sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Nilai Fisik dan Sensori pada Permen Jelly Sari Tempe

Dragon fruit skin is organic waste which has high content of vitamin C, pectin and anthocyanin and can be used as raw material for making jelly candy because pectin is one of the gelling agent and anthocyanin is a natural dye that can make sari tempe jelly candy more interesting. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of adding the dragon fruit peels extract(10,20,30, and 40%), towards the dissolved solids, elasticity, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties in jelly candies from extract of tempe.Then, there was physical testing (the amount of dissolved solids and elasticity), and sensory properties (aroma, taste, color, and texture). The result of the research showed that the addition of the concentration of dragon fruit skin extract on jelly candies of tempe extract had very significant effect on dissolved solids, elastisity, color, and texture, but there were not significantly different from aroma and its taste. The best treatment was in the addition of 40% extract of dragon fruit skin.

IDENTIFIKASI BORAKS PADA PENTOL BAKSO YANG DI KELURAHAN AIR HITAM DENGAN PEREAKSI KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyhizus)

Borax is often misused to preserve various foods such as wet noodles, meatballs, rice cake, rhombus and so on. Red dragon fruit skin contains secondary metabolites, namely anthocyanin, anthocyanin is the most important and widespread dye in the skin of red dragon fruit, but the use of red dragon fruit peels has not been studied much naturally. The purpose of this study was to identify borax on the meatball sold in the Air Hitam district with the red dragon fruit skin reagent (Hylocereus polyhizus). This research is experimental with data collection techniques by accidental sampling. In this study used several samples of meatball pentol purchased at the meatball merchant located in Air Hitam Village by using dragon fruit peel and AgNO3 reagent as a comparison indicator. This research includes plant determination, sample collection, sample preparation, spike making, dragon fruit skin extract reagents and qualitative sample testing. Data analysis using descriptive analysis method. The results of the identification of borax on 5 meatball samples using color reagents from the extract (essence) of the red dragon fruit peel and AgNO3 reagent as a comparative indicator showed that all samples of the meatball obtained Negative results

Literature Review: Food Processing in Minimizing Chemical Contamination of Rhodamin B in Shrimp Paste and Chlorpirifos Residue in Fresh Vegetables Garnish Which are Circulating in the Communities in Indonesia

Introduction: Food circulation among communities is prone to chemical contamination. The contamination is obtained from both food processing and food cultivation (planting, raw materials). One of the examples related to chemical contamination can be seen in the contamination of rhodamine B on Terasi. Although there is a prohibition on using Rhodamine B compounds in food add-ons, which is listed in Regulation of Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia No.722/Menkes/Per/IX/1988, its usage is widely found. Similarly, chlorpyrifos pesticide residue in lalapan is the other example provided. The usage of it remains to continue even though the result of pesticide residue value is under BMR SNI 7313:2008. The article aims to study food processing efforts in minimizing the chemical contamination of Rhodamine B in shrimp terasi and chlorpyrifos residue in the lalapan vegetables in the communities in Indonesia. A literature review on scientific publications was undertaken through Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Neliti, ScienceDirect, LIPI, Directory Open Acces Journal, and Crossref. The keywords used were related to rhodamin B on terasi, synthetic dyes on terasi, natural dyes for terasi, vegetable pesticide residues, Chlorpyrifos residue on vegetables, and how to reduce chlorpyrifos residue in vegetables. All of them were published between the 2015 – 2020 period. Discussion: Chlorpyrifos residue in vegetables can be reduced by washing, soaking brine, and boiling. The usage of rhodamine B on Terasi can be replaced by the application of dragon fruit skin extract and angkak (red yeast rice) for natural dye alternatives. Conclusion: Washing food with running water and soaking it in hot water before food consumption can lower chlorpyrifos residue level in dark vegetables. However, it is more significant to lover the residue level through the boiling step. The use of natural pesticides can be used as the choice of alternative. Moreover, rhodamine B on terasi can be replaced with natural dye alternatives such as angkak (red yeast rice) and dragon fruit skin extract.

Effect of Ethanol Addition as Extraction Solvent on The Content of Bioactive Materials in Dragon Fruit Skin Extract and Powder

This study aims to produce natural pigments for food prepared from dragon fruit skin by extraction and freeze-drying and to assess the effect of additional ethanol as extraction solvent on the process yield. During extraction stage, the effect of solvent (pure water and additional ethanol) on the yield of bioactive materials was assessed. Furthermore, during freeze-drying, the effect of maltodextrin addition as carrier agent on the quality of powder has also been evaluated. It has been found that the addition of ethanol as extraction co-solvent may give a positive effect on the yield of bioactive materials in the dragon fruit skin extracts, including the contents of anthocyanin, betacyanin, and total phenolic compounds. Regarding freeze drying, it was found that high recoveries of bioactive materials (84-92%) had been achieved, which indicates that freeze-drying may be suitable for drying such heat-sensitive materials. In addition, it was found that the addition of 10% maltodextrin as carrier agent may decrease the moisture content of the powder significantly, up to 8.162.12%, which is beneficial for its storage stability.Keywords: betacyanin; food additives; dragon fruit; extraction; anthocyanin.

The Utilization of Rice Wastewater Combined With Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as Basic Ingredients of Nata De Leri

Nata de leri is one of the products produced from fermented organic white, red, black rice washing water with the addition of red dragon fruit skin extract. In javanese the rice washing water is called Leri so that the resulting nata is called “Nata De Leri”. (carbohydrates, proteins, minerals) that are carried away from the rice membrane during the washing process. So that it can be utilized by microorganisms as a medium in making nata. The addition of red dragon fruit skin extract gives color because it contains a lot of anthocyanin and also the fiber and water content is very high. The purpose of this research was to determine the organoleptic and chemical characteristics of nata. This research used a qualitative descriptive method using a 2 factor complete randomized design and the treatment given was 75% of white, red, black rice washing water concentration, The concentration of red dragon fruit skin extract 75%, 50%, and 25%. The results showed that the most preferred texture on the addition of 75% red dragon fruit skin extract was an average of 4,65, the most preferred color in the addition of 75% and 25% red dragon fruit skin extract, the aroma of the average panelist doesn’t like all the aroma of nata de leri, for the taste all the samples were liked by the panelists because of their sweet taste. While the water content and crude fiber content produced are quite high on average but do not exceed SNI.

Salep Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga (Hylicereus costaricensis) Menurunkan Ekspresi Interleukin-2 (IL-2) dan Jumlah Sel Radang Mononuklear terhadap Luka Terbuka di Kulit Tikus Strain Wistar

Open wounds healing is need more time because of the long inflammatory phase. Dragon fruit skin contains flavonoids and vitamin C which function as anti-inflammatory and cell regeneration. The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic effects of dragon fruit skin extract ointment (Hylicereus costaricensis) on the area of IL-2 expression and the number of mononuclear inflammatory cells in skin tissue in open wounds of rats (Rattus norvegicus) for 6 days of treatment. As many as 20 male rats, ± 180 grams, Wistar were divided into 5 groups namely negative control, positive control, ointment of dragon fruit skin extract with concentration of 5% (P1), concentration of 10% (P2) and concentration of 15% (P3). Wound formed as dorsal skin biopsy of dorsal 1x1 cm. Ointment was given topically 2x/day for 6 days. Rats were euthanized on day 7th and the skin tissues of the wound area were collected. The number of mononuclear inflammatory cells was counted in skin slides of HE staining and Expression Area expression of IL-2 was measured by ImmunoRatio® in immunohistochemical slides. Data were analyzed statistically using One Way ANOVA and Tukey Post Hoc Test. The results showed that dragon fruit skin extract ointment was able to reduce significantly (p<0.05) for area expression of IL-2 and the number of mononuclear inflammatory cells and the best concentration of ointment for treatment was 15%. This is due to the effect of flavonoids as anti-inflammatory and vitamin C as a trigger for cell regeneration. The conclusion of the study was that ointment of dragon fruit peel able to become a candidate for therapeutic medicine for open wounds.

Aplikasi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Pada Nata De Coco Dalam Menurunkan Kadar Kolesterol Total, LDL, Dan Meningkatkan HDL Pada Mencit (Mus musculus)

Penderita hiperkolesterolemia umumnya mengkonsumsi obat-obat konvensional dengan menggunakan obat hipolipidemik untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol. Namun jenis obat seperti ini juga memiliki efek samping. Selain mengkonsumsi obat hipolipidemik, peningkatan kadar kolesterol dapat ditekan dengan pengaturan pola diet dengan mengontrol asupan zat gizi secara seimbang sesuai kebutuhan. Ekstrak kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) yang diaplikasikan pada nata de coco diyakini dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol karena keduanya mengandung serat yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan diet, dan memperbaiki proses pencernaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aplikasi dan menentukan dosis ekstrak kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) pada nata de coco dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, LDL dan meningkatkan HDL pada mencit (Mus musculus). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan desain penelitian Pre-Post Test Only Control Group Design yang menggunakan hewan coba mencit sebanyak 18 ekor dengan pemberians dosis yang berbeda yaitu dosis 1:1 dan dosis 1:2. Uji statistik ANOVA pada hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan yang efektif dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, LDL, dan meningkatkan HDL adalah perlakuan ekstrak kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) pada nata de coco dengan dosis 1:2. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi dosis yang diberikan untuk hewan coba mencit maka menunjukan penurunan kadar kolesterol secara signifikan.

The Effect of Use of Red Dragon Leather Skin Extract and Long Storage to Water Content, Total Microby and Organoleptic Test Wet Noodle

<pre>Noodle products are generally used as an energy source because they have high enough carbohydrates. Wet noodles are raw noodles which before being marketed experience boiling process in boiling water, with water content around 35% and after boiling the water content increases to 52%. Relatively high water content results in a short shelf life and generally wet noodles have a shelf life of 36 hours at room temperature. Red dragon fruit skin contains high enough fiber and natural antioxidants namely β-carotene, as well as betasianin natural dyes. The antioxidant content of β-carotene in red dragon fruit skin which prolongs the shelf life of wet noodles, because antioxidants can protect cells from damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction of the effect of the use of red dragon fruit skin extract and storage time on moisture content, microbial total and organoleptic tests of wet noodles. The research method is by observing the water content, microbial total and organoleptic test of wet noodles. The results of this study are where the analysis of water content with an average of 55.24%. The results of microbial total analysis with an average of 1008,667 x 10 3. Whereas the results of the organoleptic analysis of the color of wet noodles with an average value of 3.90 (likes) and organoleptic tests of texture of wet noodles with an average value of 3.75 (likes).</pre>

Effect of Dragon Fruit Skin Extract (Hylocereus costaricensis) on Bio-plastic Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cassava Starch and Polyvinyl Alcohol

This study aims to determine the effect of dragon fruit skin extract (Hylocereus costaricensis) to the bio-plastic characteristics of cassava starch and polyvinyl alcohol and to know the addition of the best dragon fruit skin extract (Hylocereus costaricensis). The treatment of this research is the addition of dragon fruit skin extract of 5%; 10%; 15%; 20%; and 25%. Observations on the resulting bio-plastic product are physical properties and mechanical properties. Physical properties test include thickness, density, water absorption and mechanical properties test including tensile strength test, percent elongation. The results showed that the difference of dragon fruit color extract concentration in bio-plastic has effect on thickness, density, water absorption, tensile strength, elongation percentage. The best treatment based on bio-plastic mechanical properties is on E treatment (addition of 20% dragon fruit skin extract).