Draft Revision Research Articles

On the statistical assessment of the EN 1993-1-9 detail categories for hot dip galvanised steel

This paper provides the final developments regarding the fatigue life prediction of hot dip galvanised (HDG) steel details. The background information that has led to the definition of new S-N curves based on fatigue tests is firstly discussed, in accordance with the third draft revision of the EN 1993-1-9 and comparative guidelines. Using relevant statistical distributions and probability of survival levels, a statistical evaluation of all data retrieved from the literature is carried out. The two-parameter Weibull distribution, often used for reliability analysis in different areas of expertise, is also discussed. Finally, the overall impact of this assessment on the latest design rules from EN 1993-1-9 is discussed and guidance is given for an accurate determination of S-N curves for HDG steel details, based on the lessons learned.

The Development of E-Learning Material of English for Tourism for Tourism Personnel in Labuan Bajo

The purpose of this study was to create e-learning material of English for tourism personnel in Labuan Bajo. This study was a research and development one. The outcome of this research was learning devices in the form of module. This study refers to Borg and Gall’s development research procedure consisting collecting data, planning, product draft development, expert validation, revision, and field test. There were two kinds of data in this study; qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data was in the form of suggestions from validator regarding module, as well as the results of observation and interview. Meanwhile the quantitative data was obtained from the participant’s result of pretest and postest. The posttest results showed that there was an increase in scores of 37% from the participants' average scores. This showed that materials in the form of module were effective in improving the English language skills of tourism actors in Labuan Bajo. Apart from that, the material in the form of a module has met all the criteria in terms of content feasibility and presentment feasibility by validators who are experts in their fields. Keywords: E-learning, Material, English for Tourism, Tourism Personnel

Development of the Scale of Parental Playful Attitude During the Co-Occupation of Play

Abstract Importance: There is a need for tools to measure adults’ playfulness in reference to parent–child joint play. Objective: To (1) develop items for the Scale of Parental Playful Attitude (PaPA), (2) evaluate evidence for validity based on content, and (3) evaluate evidence for validity based on the response process. Design: A mixed-methods design with three phases: (1) development of the first draft of the PaPA (based on the literature, focus groups, and semistructured interviews), (2) review by experts and revision of the first draft, and (3) cognitive interviews with parents. Setting: Various (e.g., schools, a university). Participants: Phase 1 had 32 participants: 13 parents of children ages 2.5–6 yr without major diagnosed conditions; 8 parents of autistic children age 4–7 yr; and 11 preschoolers age 3–5 yr. Phase 2 involved 10 experts. Phase 3 had 5 participants: 3 mothers and 2 fathers of children ages 2.5–6 yr; 1 child was autistic. Outcomes and Measures: Interview protocols and experts’ review form. Results: Phase 1 involved the initial item development. Extrinsic motivation and barriers to play emerged as important areas to include. Experts’ review enhanced representation of the construct of playfulness. Content validity index values ranged from .78 to 1.00. Cognitive interviews provided insights into parents’ comprehension of PaPA items. Conclusions and Relevance: Validity related to test content and the response process was supported. Additional sources of validity testing are necessary. Plain-Language Summary: Adult playfulness is critical for both the child and the parent, especially for developing a deeper connection. The Scale of Parental Playful Attitude (PaPA) assesses parents’ self-perceptions of their playfulness when playing with their child. The study authors developed the PaPA (in both English and Spanish) to address a lack of tools for assessing how parents perceive their own playfulness relative to their child’s playfulness. Understanding how parents perceive their own playful attitudes can create opportunities for occupational therapists to guide parents to approach play with an attitude that is as attuned as possible to their child’s playfulness. Future validity studies are needed to support the clinical use of the PaPA.

Membangun Partisipasi Pemda Aceh Utara pada Penyusunan Qanun Tentang Pengelolaan Aset Daerah

The qanun design process refers to Aceh Qanun Number 5 of 2011 concerning Procedures for Forming Qanuns. Article 22 of the Qanun states that the community provides verbal/written input in forming the Qanun. North Aceh Regional Government participation and community input on the draft revision of regional property management qanun was carried out through Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Existing Qanuns related to Regional Property must be adjusted to Government Regulation 28 of 2020 concerning the Management of State or Regional Property. This activity was carried out as a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with stages of material delivery, question and answer, and interviews. This activity aims to obtain input on the draft qanun regarding managing goods owned by the North Aceh Regency area. Participants in this activity are government elements, community leaders, academics, and NGOs. After the FGD was carried out, the draft qanun was revised based on input to perfect the raqan, including the need for perfect administration of regional property from the planning stage to destroying assets belonging to the North Aceh Regency region. Apart from that, it is necessary to maintain and secure regional property so that the value and quality of assets are always maintained. Then, a good understanding is needed for regional property managers so they can carry out management properly and correctly by the mechanisms provided by law.

Semantic analysis of two-syllabic terms of metrology. Part 2: Risk in measurements and calculations

Prior to the requirement for testing and calibration laboratories to take into account the risk of statistical assumptions, false positive and false negative decisions in international documents, it was found that the methodology of the “Guide to Expressing Measurement Uncertainty” based on the Bayes approach and the Monte Carlo method for calculating probabilistic risk characteristics is not applicable. A later draft revision of the “Manual on the Expression of Measurement Uncertainty” attempted to shift the interpretation of measurement uncertainty from the scattering parameter to the probability distribution. An attempt to contribute to solving the problem of definitional uncertainty in the International Dictionary of Basic and Basic Terms of Metrology was also unsuccessful. In the new version of the dictionary of general statistical terms and probability theory terms, the term measurement uncertainty is excluded, and one of the notes states that “the probability distribution fully describes the probabilistic properties of the uncertainty of the result”. However, due to the new requirements for risk calculations, international documents were urgently put into effect without radical assessments of the inapplicability of the Bayes approach and the Monte Carlo method, the disadvantages were renamed limitations, but there are no specific instructions for calculating risks. Based on the experience of the compositional approach to estimating accuracy, a procedure based on the convolution of probability distributions in the form of a modified reversal formula is recommended, which allows taking into account the definitive uncertainty in the moment approach. It is established that the method of accounting for the definitive uncertainty by convolution of uniform distributions is practically suggested in the text of the “Manual on the expression of measurement uncertainty”, but not used.

Shelley and the Retentive Memory

This essay approaches the familiar subject of memory in Shelley through examining his exceptional gift for retentive memorization, a gift not unique to him, but also conspicuously possessed by Byron. A few instances, mostly taken from the Shelley circle and the poet Henry Kirke White, demonstrate the encouragement given to the development of a retentive memory during the Romantic period, and the admiration that it attracted, but also the apprehensiveness lest it become an end in itself. Examples follow of memory feats performed by Byron and Shelley independently and interactively, focusing on the effect upon Shelley’s political poetry of 1819 of hearing Byron read the early part of Don Juan to him in the autumn of 1818, including portions that Shelley could not have reread in the interval. The question arises: did Shelley worry that his memory was a burden, tempting him into unwitting plagiarism? His draft revisions indicate that he sometimes might have done.

Using ADDIE Model to develop STORE (Students on Recreation): An Environmental Exploration-Based Learning Strategy in Merdeka Curriculum

English is an international language that all students must learn so they can speak, communicate, and interact with the international community both actively and passively. Unfortunately, many teachers have difficulties in creating a communicative, comfortable, and enjoyable learning and teaching atmosphere. This results in students being less enthusiastic about learning English and feeling bored. This research aims to develop STORE (students on recreation) learning strategy based on the environmental exploration of English language learning in the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum and to enhance students’ well-being using the STORE learning strategy. The research method used wasresearch and development with the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluations). To collect data, the researcher used questionnaires, interviews, and observation instruments. Data were obtained from 64 7th-grade students and three English teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Bangsri. For data processing, researchers used descriptive statistics to analyze learning needs for fun outdoor recreation. Research activities were carried out through the following stages. Initial stage: needs analysis; Stage II: creating a STORE learning plan; Stage III: limited trials and evaluation. Stage IV: Draft revision; Stage V: Design validation; Stage VI: implementation and evaluation; Final stage: dissemination of research results. The research showed that the students’ learning motivation had increased. The participants indicated their preference for outdoor learning because they could explore their environment and learn simultaneously. In conclusion, the environmental exploration learning strategy can be applied to enhance students’ interest in learning English and also to implement the Merdeka curriculum Keywords: ADDIE model, environmental exploration, independent curriculum, STORE learning

Forcing a square into a circle: why South Africa's draft revised material transfer agreement is not fit for purpose.

The South African National Health Research Ethics Council (NHREC) recently released a final draft revision of the standard material transfer agreement (MTA) that was promulgated into law in 2018. This new draft MTA raises pertinent questions about the NHREC's mandate, the way in which the draft MTA deals with data and with human biological material, and its avoidance of the concept of ownership. After South Africa's data protection legislation, the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA), became operational in mid 2021, the legal landscape changed and it is doubtful that the NHREC has a residual mandate to govern personal information in health research. Furthermore, data is dealt with in a superficial, throw-away fashion in the draft MTA. The position with human biological material is not substantially better, as the draft MTA fails to recognise that human biological material can contain pathogens, which has important legal and ethical ramifications that are not sufficiently addressed. A central problem with the draft MTA is its use of the term 'steward', and avoidance of the legal concept of 'ownership'. This is not only misaligned with the South African legal framework, but also fails to consider the ethical case for recognising ownership. Finally, a call to embrace decolonial thinking in health research underscores the importance of recognising ownership in order to foster the growth of the local bio-economy. Key recommendations to reshape the draft MTA include: Making use of the eventual revised MTA optional, and allowing it to evolve with input from scientific and legal communities; regulating the transfer of associated data in a separate data transfer agreement that can be incorporated by reference in the MTA; enhancing guidance on liability and risk management in respect of human biological material that contains pathogens; and, finally, adopting a decolonial approach in health research governance, which requires recognising the ownership rights of South African research institutions.

Analyzing argumentation patterns in political discourse for better policy design

ABSTRACT A new policy is needed to manage Switzerland’s increasing urbanization and growing population. The second stage of the revision of the Swiss Spatial Planning Law, which has been ongoing since 2014, aims to create the legal framework to reduce or prevent the negative consequences of soil sealing, such as loss of biodiversity or urban sprawl. The revision process is characterized by substantial opposition among the actors involved; an acceptable draft revision is not conceivable. Using a structuring qualitative discourse analysis, we coded the consultation responses from the three consultation processes to date. We based our code system on acceptance factors existing in the literature and analyzed the content of the consultation responses over time and by actor. The results show that while a consensus on the instruments of the policy is emerging, there is great disagreement about the exact design and the resulting effects on the actors involved. The relative advantage of the policy and its compatibility with existing regulations are not sufficiently elaborated and presented in a comprehensible way. Ultimately, we identify several patterns of argumentation that should be considered by the policy-makers involved in the further revision, especially to address the critical arguments of the cantons and municipalities. Highlights Points of conflict and consensus during policy design were identified using QDA. Structuring the content of the policy discourse can support consensus-building. Typical argumentation patterns for opposing or accepting a policy were identified. Growing consensus entails shifts of actor conflicts from mid- to low-level topics. Relative advantage of a policy solution is key to increasing its acceptability.

Exploring the Effect of Corpus‐Based Writing Instruction on Learner‐Corpus Interaction in L2 Revision: A Study of Chinese EFL Disciplinary Writers

AbstractThe use of academic corpora in second language (L2) writing pedagogy has gained popularity in recent decades, particularly in genre‐specific contexts for graduate‐level L2 students (Charles, 2007; Lee & Swales, 2006). However, its overall effectiveness is mainly observed within classroom contexts, influenced by various contextual and participant‐related factors (Vyatkina & Boulton, 2017). Moreover, these investigations have predominantly relied on retrospective data useful for understanding learners' perception of corpus‐analysis experiences, but not for how learners strategically integrate corpora into personal toolkits for self‐directed writing tasks. Addressing these gaps, this study tracks five Chinese EFL graduate students' corpus use through a 5‐week concept‐ and corpus‐based tutoring intervention and investigates how they navigated a discipline‐specific corpus alongside other digital resources during post‐intervention self‐directed revisions. By triangulating screen recordings with retrospective data (questionnaires, interviews, draft revisions, and stimulated recalls), the results showed that while participants were generally favorable toward the specialized corpus and its complementary role to personal toolkits, individual problem‐solving patterns in revision revealed less overall reliance on the corpus and its effectiveness primarily in addressing known linguistic problems. Implications for a relational understanding of digital tools support and the integration of other pedagogical activities in L2 writing instruction are discussed.

Addressing Regulatory Failures in the Draft Revised Consumer Credit Directive

New forms of consumer credit, alongside the use of big data and macroeconomic developments, necessitate the revision of the 2008 Consumer Credit Directive (‘CCD’). The impact assessment conducted by the European Commission should collect and use relevant evidence that help lawmakers identify and address problems for the internal market and consumer protection. The impact assessment acknowledges that CJEU case law and legal literature are relevant sources of evidence that should inform the revision of the CCD. An analysis of CJEU case law and legal literature reveals three possible regulatory failures: firstly, it is more complicated for legislators to address new forms of credit under maximum harmonization, especially as the scope of maximum harmonization is unclear, which renders the CCD more vulnerable to obsolescence. Secondly, the emphasis on information obligations does not reflect consumers actual decision-making, and thirdly, there appears to be insufficient enforcement of consumer rights under the CCD. The impact assessment rarely directly refers to CJEU case law and legal literature but reflects the existence of these regulatory problems. However, the problem analysis with regard to maximum harmonization and enforceability remains superficial and one-sided, and the draft CCD continues to allow for divergences. While the draft CCD further harmonizes enforcement, it does not indicate which civil law sanctions, as developed in CJEU case law, are effective, proportionate and dissuasive. Further, the impact assessment fails to benefit fully from behavioural insights and the draft CCD accordingly contains obligations to provide consumers with considerable, but not timely and salient, information. The impact assessment does convincingly address the shortcomings in the creditworthiness check, and the draft CCD accordingly proposes more stringent provisions on this topic, which, coupled with mandatory protection, which may well help to address overindebtedness

Development of lkpd based on ethnomathematics kain tenun Sambas motifs to facilitate students' ability to understand mathematical concepts

This study aims to: 1) find out the results of needs analysis in developing LKPD; 2) find out the results of the development of LKPD; 3) determine the feasibility of LKPD in terms of validity, practicality and effectiveness. The research method used is Research and Development with the ADDIE development model. The LKPD test subjects were 24 students at SMP N 1 Selakau Timur. Data analysis techniques using validity, practicality and effectiveness analysis. The results of the study show that: 1) the results of the needs analysis on LKPD, a) the analysis of students' needs shows that teachers and students want teaching materials that can help in learning mathematics. b) curriculum analysis shows that the resulting LKPD is adapted to the 2013 curriculum. c) material analysis shows that the developed LKPD is rectangular material integrated with culture; 2) the results of the development of the LKPD resulted in 2 forms of design, (a) the first design/initial draft was the initial draft of the LKPD which was the result of the researcher's study. (b) The second design is the result of a revision of the initial draft based on expert validation and student readability tests. 3) LKPD Feasibility results, namely a) LKPD is declared valid because it obtains an average value of 50 with valid information, b) LKPD is declared practical based on the results of students' responses to the use of LKPD by obtaining an average response value of 50.21 with information the response was very good, c) the LKPD was declared effective because it obtained a mastery score in learning mathematics above the KKM (Minimum Completeness Criteria)

The role and features of peer assessment feedback in college English writing.

Peer assessment is a common pedagogical practice for evaluating students' writing in college English classrooms. However, in-depth research on the learning outcomes after peer assessment is scarce and inconsistent; how peer feedback is used has not been fully explored either. This study compared peer feedback to teacher feedback and explored the different features of feedback and its impact on draft revision. Two specific research questions were answered in this study: (1) In which aspects can peer feedback supplement teacher feedback in improving the linguistic features in writing? (2) What are the differences in features of peer feedback versus teacher feedback? And how do they connect to feedback take-in? Two writing tasks were assigned to 94 students. One received teacher feedback and the other peer feedback. Pre-feedback and post-feedback writings in both tasks (4 sets in total) were scored and human ratings were adjusted using Many-Facet Rasch modeling to control for differences in leniency. Drawing on three natural language processing (NLP) tools, this study also assessed writing qualities by comparing 22 selected indices related to the scoring rubrics for human raters, which involve three dimensions: cohesion, lexical quality and syntactic complexity. Peer and teacher feedback was then coded based on features of feedback to explore their influence on draft revision. The results showed that both peer and teacher feedback had positive effects on rating scores. We confirmed peer feedback as an effective classroom approach to improve writing, though limited compared to teacher feedback as reflected in the indices. In terms of feedback features, students often stopped at identifying the language problems, while the teacher provided more explanations, solutions or suggestions regarding the problems identified. Implications for peer feedback research and implementation of peer assessment activities are provided.

Developing the Types of Exercise to Improve the Agility of Wheelchair Badminton Athletes

This study aims to produce a developing product of exercise types to improve the agility of disabled badminton athletes. This research and development is conducted by adapting development research steps as follows: (1) preliminary studies, (2) initial draft design, (3) initial draft validation and revision, (4) small-scale trials and revisions, (5) large-scale trials and revisions, (6) final products, and (7) effectiveness tests. Small-scale trials were conducted at NPC of Bantul, and large-scale trials were conducted in the NPC of Yogyakarta Special Region. The effectiveness test was conducted in NPC of Yogyakarta Special Region. The data collection instruments used were: (1) interview guideline, (2) questionnaires, (3) and effectiveness test instruments in the form of performance tests. The effectiveness test used a zig-zag run modification instrument. Data were analyzed quantitative descriptive on the assessment scale, t-test on effectiveness test and qualitative descriptive on product assessment input and interview results. The results showed that: (1) Types of exercise to improve the agility of wheelchair badminton athletes with development stages starting from: (a) preliminary studies, (b) developing initial products; expert validation (materials and media) and revisions, (c) product trials; small-scale trials/ revisions and large-scale trials/ revisions, and, (d) product effectiveness tests. The final product in this study is a book entitled “Types of Agility Exercises for Wheelchair Badminton Athletes”. The product produces ten types of agility exercises for wheelchair badminton athletes. (2) The types of exercise to improve agility for wheelchair badminton athletes based on a material expert assessment of 81% is in the very good/ very feasible category and a media expert assessment of 80%, is in the good/ feasible category. (3) Types of exercise to improve agility for wheelchair badminton athletes is effective with a p value < 0.05 and an increase of 8.73%.

COPD, diabetes, lymphopenia, and increased LDH cause higher mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

COPD, diabetes, lymphopenia, and increased LDH cause higher mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Amid COVID-19 and monkeypox: tomato flu outbreak in India

Amid COVID-19 and monkeypox: tomato flu outbreak in India

Key changes to wind load provisions of the draft TCVN 2737:202x

TCVN 2737:1995 Loads and Actions – Norm for Design [1] is the current Vietnamese design standard to determine the wind loads acting on the buildings & structures. This standard was prepared and officially issued in 1995, and has been effective until today (May 2023). Subsequently, two draft revisions related to wind loads were prepared in 2006 and 2009.The applications of design practices have demonstrated the limitations of TCVN 2737:1995.Therefore, Vietnam Ministry of Construction has asked the Vietnam Institute for Building Science & Technology (IBST) to carefully revise TCVN 2737:1995 and to prepare the new TCVN 2737:202x to meet the present and future requirements for design of buildings and structures as well as to harmonise with the region and the world. Hence, the draft standard TCVN 2737:202x Loads and Actions has been prepared since 2017 and has been uploaded to the IBST website [3] to receive feedbacks and opinions from designers, engineers and experts. This draft is expected to be approved and officially published to replace the current standard TCVN 2737:1995. In the draft of this new standard, there are many contents, including wind load provisions. And this paper presents the key changes to wind load provisions of the new draft TCVN 2737:202x.

WHO guidelines on biosimilars: Toward improved access to safe and effective products.

The World Health Assembly resolution on access to biotherapeutics in 2014 urges WHO and Member States to facilitate access to biotherapeutics while ensuring their quality, safety, and efficacy. While efforts to date have contributed to increased availability and better access to biotherapeutics, including biosimilars, huge gaps still remain, with lack of product access identified as a problem in many countries. A thorough review of the WHO guidelines on biosimilars issued in 2009 in view of technical developments, accumulated and emerging scientific evidence as well as experience in biosimilar evaluation since the release of the guidelines provided an opportunity to introduce greater flexibility and to reduce regulatory requirements in biosimilar development where possible. Based on the identification, draft revisions of the WHO guidelines were prepared with input from extensive consultation with various stakeholders and the broader public. The move toward a greater emphasis on quality and functional in vitro assessment enables the reduction of cost and timelines of development and supports streamlined regulatory approval as a first critical step toward product availability. This article includes the key updates that have been incorporated in the revised guidelines but are not restricted to these alone and should be read in conjunction with the guidelines.

INTERACTIVE E-MODULE: THE ECONOMIC LEARNING SOLUTIONS IN HIGH SCHOOL DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The purpose of research and development of this Interactive e-module is to provide a solution for studying Economics in high school in the sub-subject Basic equations of Accounting in online learning during the Covid 19 Pandemic. This interactive e-module research and development activity adopts the Borg Gall (2003) model which consists of 7 stages (needs analysis stage, initial draft development, validity test, draft revision, group trial, and revision stage). The results of research and development show that this Interactive e-module discusses three learning module units containing Economics material with the sub-subject of Basic Accounting Equations which is equipped with several interesting interactive features such as QR Code, music, YouTube videos, quiz applications, and games as support. students learn. This interactive e-module is very appropriate to be used as a solution for learning Economics during the Covid 19 Pandemic.

Progress Report on the Study for Developing Draft Revision of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia General Information “Rapid Microbial Method”: towards International Harmonization

Progress Report on the Study for Developing Draft Revision of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia General Information “Rapid Microbial Method”: towards International Harmonization