Dr Christian Research Articles

Investigating the discourse of right-wing populists

Right-wing populist parties in Europe have developed an electoral agenda based on strengthening state border control. How do these parties adapt their discourse in cross-border regions characterized by strong economic interdependences? We spoke to Dr Christian Lamour and Professor Oscar Mazzoleni about their work in analysing populist discourse in cross-border regions

First person – Franziska Lehne

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Franziska Lehne is first author on ‘ Swip-1 promotes exocytosis of glue granules in the exocrine Drosophila salivary gland’, published in JCS. Franziska conducted the research described in this article while a PhD student in Prof. Dr Sven Bogdan's lab at the Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany. She is now a postdoc in the lab of Prof. Dr Christian Helker at Philipps-University Marburg, investigating the formation of the lymphatic vasculature in zebrafish.

A scientific convention on the World Homoeopathy Day: ‘Homoeopathy: People’s choice for wellness’ – A Conference Report

Three apex bodies, namely the Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, the National Commission for Homoeopathy and the National Institute of Homoeopathy, jointly organised a scientific convention on the occasion of the World Homoeopathy Day to commemorate the 267th birth anniversary of the founder of Homoeopathy, Dr Christian Fredrich Samuel Hahnemann which was held on 9 and 10 April 2022 at New Delhi on the theme ‘Homoeopathy: People’s Choice for Wellness’. Over the 2 days, scientific sessions and interactive meets were held. This convention was an opportunity to review the developments in the field of Homoeopathy and formulate future strategies for the advancements of Homoeopathy to make homoeopathy the first choice for people for wellness.

Keystone Malaria Symposium 2022: a vibrant discussion of progress made and challenges ahead from drug discovery to treatment

Keystone Malaria Symposium 2022: a vibrant discussion of progress made and challenges ahead from drug discovery to treatment

National Convention on World Homoeopathy Day – A conference report

Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy organized a scientific convention on the World Homoeopathy Day on 10th and 11thApril, 2021 to commemorate the 266th birth anniversary of Dr Christian Fredrich Samuel Hahnemann at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, India. The theme of the conference was ‘Homoeopathy – Roadmap for Integrative Medicine’. There were oral presentations and a panel discussion during the convention organized in the hybrid mode, with participants and presenters attending the convention either physically, or remotely through video link. Recommendations to develop a roadmap for Homoeopathy for integrative care were also proposed during the convention. Integration is not simply co-location of all systems but a wholesome clinical approach for the public health benefit where systems have known limitations. Specific strategic actions are needed at research, practice and education levels to promote integrative care with Homoeopathy as a key contributor.

Editorial: New Initiatives at the IJP

Irena Sailer, Editor-in-Chief: This year, our Editorial Board team has decided to launch several new initiatives at the IJP to add to last year’s innovations. One of these 2021 initiatives is the publication of specific Position Papers delivered by our partner organization, the European Association for Osseointegration (EAO). These Position Papers are planned to appear twice per year and aim to disseminate the knowledge of the EAO by providing the clinical readership with relevant, evidence-based, clinically oriented conclusions and recommendations on current implant-prosthodontic topics. Furthermore, Invited Commentaries on cutting-edge topics written by world-class experts will be added to the scientific content of the journal. The purely scientific content of journals like the IJP can sometimes be difficult to translate into daily clinical practice. The new initiatives at IJP, as well as the ones introduced last year (eg, #BringtheJournaltoLife), aim to improve this translation and thereby to fulfill the main mission of the IJP—to bridge the gap between science and clinical practice. For this issue, we invited Prof Dr Christian Stohler, the Dean of the Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, to share his vision on the future of 21st century health care—enjoy his excellent, inspiring invited commentary and buckle up for the future! On behalf of the entire Editorial Board team, Irena Sailer, Editor-in-Chief

First person – Frederike Riemslagh

ABSTRACTFirst Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Disease Models & Mechanisms, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Frederike Riemslagh is first author on ‘Inducible expression of human C9ORF72 36× G4C2 hexanucleotide repeats is sufficient to cause RAN translation and rapid muscular atrophy in mice’, published in DMM. Frederike conducted the research described in this article while a PhD Candidate in Prof. Dr Rob Willemse's lab at Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. She is now a Postdoctoral Fellow in the lab of Dr Christian Mosimann at the University of Colorado, USA, investigating genetic diseases that affect the heart and brain.

A Summary of the 2020 Gastric Cancer Summit at Stanford University

There exists no coherent national strategy for the early detection or prevention of gastric cancer in the United States (US), even among identified high-risk groups such as Asian Americans, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Alaska Native/American Indian peoples. As a result, patients with gastric cancer in the US are diagnosed at later stages and demonstrate worse overall survival compared to nations of East Asia with established screening programs (Table 1). The under-recognition of gastric cancer risk within minority communities is a significant unaddressed healthcare disparity.

First person – Jana Kroll and Özge Demet Özçete

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Jana Kroll and Özge Demet Özçete are co-first authors on ‘AP180 promotes release site clearance and clathrin-dependent vesicle reformation in mouse cochlear inner hair cells’, published in JCS. Jana is a Postdoc in the lab of Prof. Dr Christian Rosenmund at Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, investigating the morphology of neuronal synapses during and after exocytosis. Özge Demet is a Postdoc in the lab of Prof. Dr Tobias Moser at Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany, investigating synaptic physiology.

Canadian Association of Neuropathologists L’Association Canadienne des Neuropathologistes

Abstracts and unknown cases presented at the 58th annual meetingThe Canadian Association of Neuropathologists (CANP) held their 58th annual meeting at the Halifax Harbourfront Marriott from October 3rd to 6th, 2018, under the leadership of Dr Marc Del Bigio, CANP president, and Dr. Sidney Croul handled the local arrangements. The annual banquet was held at Chives restaurant in Halifax.The academic program of 20 scientific abstracts and 8 unknown cases was compiled by the CANP Secretary-Treasurer Dr Julia Keith into 5 sessions; I. Traumatic and Neurodegenerative Neuropathology, II. Pediatric, Epilepsy and Miscellaneous Neuropathology, III. Tumour Neuropathology, IV. Infectious/Immune Mediated Neuropathology, and V. Quality Assurance in Neuropathology. The Quality Assurance session included a guided interactive forum led by Dr Marc Del Bigio, and the Neurodegenerative session included an invited talk on Butyrylcholinesterase as a Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease by Dr Sultan Darvesh (Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University). The digital pathology images from the 8 unknown cases are available for viewing online (www.canp.ca) thanks to the CANP webmaster, Dr Jason Karamchandani.The Presidential Symposium explored the theme of Brain Inflammation. Dr Sean Pittock (Dept of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN) delivered the Dr Jerzy Olszewski Guest Lecture entitled Neural autoantibody discovery: the new era of autoimmune neurology – out with the old and in with the new! Dr Christian Pagnoux (Vasculitis Clinic, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto ON) was an invited speaker who spoke on Vasculitis – effects on the nervous system. Dr Alex Easton (Dept of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS) was the Dr Gordon Mathieson invited lecturer speaking about The blood brain barrier and inflammation, and Dr Serge Rivest (Directeur du Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec QC) delivered the Dr David Robertson invited lecture on Microglial roles in human neuropathology. The symposium concluded with a panel discussion and group Question and Answer session with the speakers moderated by Dr Marc Del Bigio.Several trainee awards were handed out. The Dr Mary Tom Award for best clinical science paper was awarded to Dr Maryam Abdollahi (supervisor Dr David Munoz) and the Dr Morrison H. Finlayson Award for best basic science/research paper went to Dr Maliha Khara (Drs Zhou, Wong, Renwick).The following abstracts were presented at the 58th annual meeting of the Canadian Association of Neuropathologists (CANP) in October 2018.

Recurrent inflammatory disease caused by a heterozygous mutation in CD48

Recurrent inflammatory disease caused by a heterozygous mutation in CD48

Neurological Complications Induced by Anti-PD-1 or Anti-PD-L1: Prevalence, Clinical Description and Treatment: 5-Years Experience of a National Network

Introduction: Neurological immune-related adverse events (n-irAEs) are a rare complication of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 immunotherapies that can be life threatening and lead to immunotherapy withdrawal. Given the rarity of n-irAEs, few data are available regarding prevalence, clinical spectrum, management and outcome. Material and Methods: Adult patients treated by anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 immunotherapies given alone or in combination with other treatment, who had n-irAEs of CTCAE grade ≥ 2 were identified in the Reisamic registry and in the national ImmunoTOX assessment board at Gustave Roussy cancer center in Villejuif, France. Results: Forty patients with n-irAEs were identified: 26 (65%) patients received anti-PD-1 or PD-L-1 alone and 14 (35%) patients a combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies. Prevalence of n-irAEs was estimated at 1.2%. Nineteen patients (47.5%) presented with exclusively peripheral nervous system (PNS) n-irAEs: inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, cranial nerve palsy, myasthenia gravis. Fourteen patients (35%) had exclusively central nervous system (CNS) n-irAEs: encephalitis, meningitis. Seven patients (17.5%) had both PNS and CNS n-irAE. The maximum grade of toxicity was 2 in 14 patients, 3-4 in 23 patients, and three (8%) patients died due to n-irAEs. The immunotherapy was permanently discontinued in 37 cases and temporary held in 3 cases. Three patients were rechallenged without recurrence of their n-irAE. Systemic steroids were given in 30/40 patients and led to improvement in 86.7% with significant reduction of disability and modified Rankin Scale. Anti-tumoral overall response rate was 65%. Conclusion: N-irAEs occur in approximatively 1% (11/899) of patients treated with PD1/PDL1 The clinical spectrum of n-irAEs is wide, including both PNS and CNS manifestations in a same patient. As required by international guidelines, N-irAEs treatment should remain based on corticosteroids first, effective in 87% of cases. Funding Statement: This study was funded by Gustave Roussy and belongs to the GRIP (Gustave Roussy Immunotherapy Program) launched in 2015. Declaration of Interests: Dr Olivier Lambotte: paid expert testimony and consultancy fees from BMS France, MSD, Astra Zeneca; consultancy fees from Incyte, expert testimony for Janssen. Dr Stephane Champiat has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, BMS, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, and Roche Dr Aurelien Marabelle: Scientific Advisory Boards of Merck Serono, eTheRNA, Lytix pharma, Kyowa Kirin Pharma, Bayer, Novartis, BMS, Symphogen, Genmab, Amgen, Biothera, Nektar, GSK, Oncovir, Pfizer, Seattle Genetics, Flexus Bio, Roche/Genentech, OSE pharma, Transgene, Gritstone Dr Jean-Marie Michot: Advisory board: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Roche, Novartis, Janssen, Astra-Zeneca, Cellgene, Gilead. Dr Nicolas Noel: speaker fees from BMS and Janssen outside the submitted work Dr Cecile Cauquil has received honoraria from BMS Dr Christian Denier : speakers fees from Bohringer. Dr Alexandre Maria : has received fees from Abbvie, Actelion, CSL Behring, Experf, Novartis and Shire and declares speaking fees from Astra-Zeneca and BMS in the last 5 years. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: All patients gave oral informed consent for the study. This study was approved by the institutional review board of Gustave Roussy cancer center and the REISAMIC registry was declared at the Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertes (N°2098694v0).

The new post-Cold War arms market: competition, regulation and Europeanisation

‘This important book provides a comprehensive and much-needed analysis of French defence export policy, the first of its kind in more than 30 years. Lucie Béraud-Sudreau skilfully reconstructs the policy deliberations during the post-Cold War era, in the process shedding light on France's understanding of strategic autonomy. Her book will be essential reading for any observer of French defence policy.’Professor François Heisbourg, Senior Advisor for Europe, IISS‘French Arms Exports: The Business of Sovereignty is poised to become the go-to resource on the contemporary French arms trade. Not since the 1970s has there been such a carefully researched, historically rich and politically knowledgeable book about the French arms trade, and Béraud-Sudreau ably brings us from the Cold War to the modern day, using a wealth of original interview evidence. In doing so, she also offers important insights into the sources of continuity in French arms exports, amidst great political, economic and military change.’Jennifer L. Erickson, author of Dangerous Trade: Arms Exports, Human Rights, and International Reputation and Associate Professor of Political Science at Boston College‘This book is a must-read for anyone who wishes to understand French defence-export policy and its foundation in the broader policy conception of strategic autonomy. Taking a systematic deep dive, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau not only elaborates upon the relevant actors and internal power dynamics in the policy process, she also analyses the changes in policies and outcomes when France had to react to a shifting European and global political and industrial landscape.’Dr Christian Mölling, Deputy Director, German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP)Ever since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958, France has believed its strategic independence to be predicated on self-sufficiency in modern weapons. In order to maintain the requisite defence-industrial base, in the context of limited domestic orders, successive governments have prioritised the export of French arms on a large scale.In this Adelphi book, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau provides a detailed, behind-the-scenes examination of the institutional arrangements that have underpinned France's relatively liberal approach to arms sales over the years. The narrative begins during the Cold War, when France offered customers an alternative to reliance on one of the superpowers for their arms purchases, and then charts how the French arms-export system has responded to international political developments and dramatic changes in the global arms market. The book shows that, in general, France's leaders and machinery of government have been resistant to the notion of restraining arms sales. It also looks to the future, arguing that France now faces a dilemma over whether to maintain its traditional course or accept a greater degree of export restraint as part of closer armaments cooperation with European partners.Lucie Béraud-Sudreau is Senior Researcher and Director of the Arms and Military Expenditure Programme at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Sweden.

The ambiguity of French arms-export policy in the post-Cold War era

‘This important book provides a comprehensive and much-needed analysis of French defence export policy, the first of its kind in more than 30 years. Lucie Béraud-Sudreau skilfully reconstructs the policy deliberations during the post-Cold War era, in the process shedding light on France's understanding of strategic autonomy. Her book will be essential reading for any observer of French defence policy.’Professor François Heisbourg, Senior Advisor for Europe, IISS‘French Arms Exports: The Business of Sovereignty is poised to become the go-to resource on the contemporary French arms trade. Not since the 1970s has there been such a carefully researched, historically rich and politically knowledgeable book about the French arms trade, and Béraud-Sudreau ably brings us from the Cold War to the modern day, using a wealth of original interview evidence. In doing so, she also offers important insights into the sources of continuity in French arms exports, amidst great political, economic and military change.’Jennifer L. Erickson, author of Dangerous Trade: Arms Exports, Human Rights, and International Reputation and Associate Professor of Political Science at Boston College‘This book is a must-read for anyone who wishes to understand French defence-export policy and its foundation in the broader policy conception of strategic autonomy. Taking a systematic deep dive, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau not only elaborates upon the relevant actors and internal power dynamics in the policy process, she also analyses the changes in policies and outcomes when France had to react to a shifting European and global political and industrial landscape.’Dr Christian Mölling, Deputy Director, German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP)Ever since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958, France has believed its strategic independence to be predicated on self-sufficiency in modern weapons. In order to maintain the requisite defence-industrial base, in the context of limited domestic orders, successive governments have prioritised the export of French arms on a large scale.In this Adelphi book, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau provides a detailed, behind-the-scenes examination of the institutional arrangements that have underpinned France's relatively liberal approach to arms sales over the years. The narrative begins during the Cold War, when France offered customers an alternative to reliance on one of the superpowers for their arms purchases, and then charts how the French arms-export system has responded to international political developments and dramatic changes in the global arms market. The book shows that, in general, France's leaders and machinery of government have been resistant to the notion of restraining arms sales. It also looks to the future, arguing that France now faces a dilemma over whether to maintain its traditional course or accept a greater degree of export restraint as part of closer armaments cooperation with European partners.Lucie Béraud-Sudreau is Senior Researcher and Director of the Arms and Military Expenditure Programme at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Sweden.

President Sarkozy’s stimulus package for arms exports

‘This important book provides a comprehensive and much-needed analysis of French defence export policy, the first of its kind in more than 30 years. Lucie Béraud-Sudreau skilfully reconstructs the policy deliberations during the post-Cold War era, in the process shedding light on France's understanding of strategic autonomy. Her book will be essential reading for any observer of French defence policy.’Professor François Heisbourg, Senior Advisor for Europe, IISS‘French Arms Exports: The Business of Sovereignty is poised to become the go-to resource on the contemporary French arms trade. Not since the 1970s has there been such a carefully researched, historically rich and politically knowledgeable book about the French arms trade, and Béraud-Sudreau ably brings us from the Cold War to the modern day, using a wealth of original interview evidence. In doing so, she also offers important insights into the sources of continuity in French arms exports, amidst great political, economic and military change.’Jennifer L. Erickson, author of Dangerous Trade: Arms Exports, Human Rights, and International Reputation and Associate Professor of Political Science at Boston College‘This book is a must-read for anyone who wishes to understand French defence-export policy and its foundation in the broader policy conception of strategic autonomy. Taking a systematic deep dive, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau not only elaborates upon the relevant actors and internal power dynamics in the policy process, she also analyses the changes in policies and outcomes when France had to react to a shifting European and global political and industrial landscape.’Dr Christian Mölling, Deputy Director, German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP)Ever since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958, France has believed its strategic independence to be predicated on self-sufficiency in modern weapons. In order to maintain the requisite defence-industrial base, in the context of limited domestic orders, successive governments have prioritised the export of French arms on a large scale.In this Adelphi book, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau provides a detailed, behind-the-scenes examination of the institutional arrangements that have underpinned France's relatively liberal approach to arms sales over the years. The narrative begins during the Cold War, when France offered customers an alternative to reliance on one of the superpowers for their arms purchases, and then charts how the French arms-export system has responded to international political developments and dramatic changes in the global arms market. The book shows that, in general, France's leaders and machinery of government have been resistant to the notion of restraining arms sales. It also looks to the future, arguing that France now faces a dilemma over whether to maintain its traditional course or accept a greater degree of export restraint as part of closer armaments cooperation with European partners.Lucie Béraud-Sudreau is Senior Researcher and Director of the Arms and Military Expenditure Programme at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Sweden.

President Hollande: continued backing for arms sales

‘This important book provides a comprehensive and much-needed analysis of French defence export policy, the first of its kind in more than 30 years. Lucie Béraud-Sudreau skilfully reconstructs the policy deliberations during the post-Cold War era, in the process shedding light on France's understanding of strategic autonomy. Her book will be essential reading for any observer of French defence policy.’Professor François Heisbourg, Senior Advisor for Europe, IISS‘French Arms Exports: The Business of Sovereignty is poised to become the go-to resource on the contemporary French arms trade. Not since the 1970s has there been such a carefully researched, historically rich and politically knowledgeable book about the French arms trade, and Béraud-Sudreau ably brings us from the Cold War to the modern day, using a wealth of original interview evidence. In doing so, she also offers important insights into the sources of continuity in French arms exports, amidst great political, economic and military change.’Jennifer L. Erickson, author of Dangerous Trade: Arms Exports, Human Rights, and International Reputation and Associate Professor of Political Science at Boston College‘This book is a must-read for anyone who wishes to understand French defence-export policy and its foundation in the broader policy conception of strategic autonomy. Taking a systematic deep dive, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau not only elaborates upon the relevant actors and internal power dynamics in the policy process, she also analyses the changes in policies and outcomes when France had to react to a shifting European and global political and industrial landscape.’Dr Christian Mölling, Deputy Director, German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP)Ever since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958, France has believed its strategic independence to be predicated on self-sufficiency in modern weapons. In order to maintain the requisite defence-industrial base, in the context of limited domestic orders, successive governments have prioritised the export of French arms on a large scale.In this Adelphi book, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau provides a detailed, behind-the-scenes examination of the institutional arrangements that have underpinned France's relatively liberal approach to arms sales over the years. The narrative begins during the Cold War, when France offered customers an alternative to reliance on one of the superpowers for their arms purchases, and then charts how the French arms-export system has responded to international political developments and dramatic changes in the global arms market. The book shows that, in general, France's leaders and machinery of government have been resistant to the notion of restraining arms sales. It also looks to the future, arguing that France now faces a dilemma over whether to maintain its traditional course or accept a greater degree of export restraint as part of closer armaments cooperation with European partners.Lucie Béraud-Sudreau is Senior Researcher and Director of the Arms and Military Expenditure Programme at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Sweden.

The policy model for French arms exports

‘This important book provides a comprehensive and much-needed analysis of French defence export policy, the first of its kind in more than 30 years. Lucie Béraud-Sudreau skilfully reconstructs the policy deliberations during the post-Cold War era, in the process shedding light on France's understanding of strategic autonomy. Her book will be essential reading for any observer of French defence policy.’Professor François Heisbourg, Senior Advisor for Europe, IISS‘French Arms Exports: The Business of Sovereignty is poised to become the go-to resource on the contemporary French arms trade. Not since the 1970s has there been such a carefully researched, historically rich and politically knowledgeable book about the French arms trade, and Béraud-Sudreau ably brings us from the Cold War to the modern day, using a wealth of original interview evidence. In doing so, she also offers important insights into the sources of continuity in French arms exports, amidst great political, economic and military change.’Jennifer L. Erickson, author of Dangerous Trade: Arms Exports, Human Rights, and International Reputation and Associate Professor of Political Science at Boston College‘This book is a must-read for anyone who wishes to understand French defence-export policy and its foundation in the broader policy conception of strategic autonomy. Taking a systematic deep dive, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau not only elaborates upon the relevant actors and internal power dynamics in the policy process, she also analyses the changes in policies and outcomes when France had to react to a shifting European and global political and industrial landscape.’Dr Christian Mölling, Deputy Director, German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP)Ever since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958, France has believed its strategic independence to be predicated on self-sufficiency in modern weapons. In order to maintain the requisite defence-industrial base, in the context of limited domestic orders, successive governments have prioritised the export of French arms on a large scale.In this Adelphi book, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau provides a detailed, behind-the-scenes examination of the institutional arrangements that have underpinned France's relatively liberal approach to arms sales over the years. The narrative begins during the Cold War, when France offered customers an alternative to reliance on one of the superpowers for their arms purchases, and then charts how the French arms-export system has responded to international political developments and dramatic changes in the global arms market. The book shows that, in general, France's leaders and machinery of government have been resistant to the notion of restraining arms sales. It also looks to the future, arguing that France now faces a dilemma over whether to maintain its traditional course or accept a greater degree of export restraint as part of closer armaments cooperation with European partners.Lucie Béraud-Sudreau is Senior Researcher and Director of the Arms and Military Expenditure Programme at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Sweden.

Introduction

‘This important book provides a comprehensive and much-needed analysis of French defence export policy, the first of its kind in more than 30 years. Lucie Béraud-Sudreau skilfully reconstructs the policy deliberations during the post-Cold War era, in the process shedding light on France's understanding of strategic autonomy. Her book will be essential reading for any observer of French defence policy.’Professor François Heisbourg, Senior Advisor for Europe, IISS‘French Arms Exports: The Business of Sovereignty is poised to become the go-to resource on the contemporary French arms trade. Not since the 1970s has there been such a carefully researched, historically rich and politically knowledgeable book about the French arms trade, and Béraud-Sudreau ably brings us from the Cold War to the modern day, using a wealth of original interview evidence. In doing so, she also offers important insights into the sources of continuity in French arms exports, amidst great political, economic and military change.’Jennifer L. Erickson, author of Dangerous Trade: Arms Exports, Human Rights, and International Reputation and Associate Professor of Political Science at Boston College‘This book is a must-read for anyone who wishes to understand French defence-export policy and its foundation in the broader policy conception of strategic autonomy. Taking a systematic deep dive, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau not only elaborates upon the relevant actors and internal power dynamics in the policy process, she also analyses the changes in policies and outcomes when France had to react to a shifting European and global political and industrial landscape.’Dr Christian Mölling, Deputy Director, German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP)Ever since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958, France has believed its strategic independence to be predicated on self-sufficiency in modern weapons. In order to maintain the requisite defence-industrial base, in the context of limited domestic orders, successive governments have prioritised the export of French arms on a large scale.In this Adelphi book, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau provides a detailed, behind-the-scenes examination of the institutional arrangements that have underpinned France's relatively liberal approach to arms sales over the years. The narrative begins during the Cold War, when France offered customers an alternative to reliance on one of the superpowers for their arms purchases, and then charts how the French arms-export system has responded to international political developments and dramatic changes in the global arms market. The book shows that, in general, France's leaders and machinery of government have been resistant to the notion of restraining arms sales. It also looks to the future, arguing that France now faces a dilemma over whether to maintain its traditional course or accept a greater degree of export restraint as part of closer armaments cooperation with European partners.Lucie Béraud-Sudreau is Senior Researcher and Director of the Arms and Military Expenditure Programme at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Sweden.

Conclusion

‘This important book provides a comprehensive and much-needed analysis of French defence export policy, the first of its kind in more than 30 years. Lucie Béraud-Sudreau skilfully reconstructs the policy deliberations during the post-Cold War era, in the process shedding light on France's understanding of strategic autonomy. Her book will be essential reading for any observer of French defence policy.’Professor François Heisbourg, Senior Advisor for Europe, IISS‘French Arms Exports: The Business of Sovereignty is poised to become the go-to resource on the contemporary French arms trade. Not since the 1970s has there been such a carefully researched, historically rich and politically knowledgeable book about the French arms trade, and Béraud-Sudreau ably brings us from the Cold War to the modern day, using a wealth of original interview evidence. In doing so, she also offers important insights into the sources of continuity in French arms exports, amidst great political, economic and military change.’Jennifer L. Erickson, author of Dangerous Trade: Arms Exports, Human Rights, and International Reputation and Associate Professor of Political Science at Boston College‘This book is a must-read for anyone who wishes to understand French defence-export policy and its foundation in the broader policy conception of strategic autonomy. Taking a systematic deep dive, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau not only elaborates upon the relevant actors and internal power dynamics in the policy process, she also analyses the changes in policies and outcomes when France had to react to a shifting European and global political and industrial landscape.’Dr Christian Mölling, Deputy Director, German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP)Ever since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958, France has believed its strategic independence to be predicated on self-sufficiency in modern weapons. In order to maintain the requisite defence-industrial base, in the context of limited domestic orders, successive governments have prioritised the export of French arms on a large scale.In this Adelphi book, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau provides a detailed, behind-the-scenes examination of the institutional arrangements that have underpinned France's relatively liberal approach to arms sales over the years. The narrative begins during the Cold War, when France offered customers an alternative to reliance on one of the superpowers for their arms purchases, and then charts how the French arms-export system has responded to international political developments and dramatic changes in the global arms market. The book shows that, in general, France's leaders and machinery of government have been resistant to the notion of restraining arms sales. It also looks to the future, arguing that France now faces a dilemma over whether to maintain its traditional course or accept a greater degree of export restraint as part of closer armaments cooperation with European partners.Lucie Béraud-Sudreau is Senior Researcher and Director of the Arms and Military Expenditure Programme at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Sweden.

Progressive compressive thoracic myelopathy

Extramedullary hematopoiesis is a possible complication in patients with beta-thalassemia, due to ineffective erythropoiesis, producing remote sites of hematopoiesis in multiple and very variable anatomic locations [1Gatto I. Terrana V. Biondi L. Compression of the spinal cord due to proliferation of bone marrow in epidural space in a splenectomized person with Cooley's disease.Haematologica. 1954; 38: 61-76PubMed Google Scholar, 2Haidar R. Mhaidli H. Taher A.T. Paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis in patients with thalassemia intermedia.Eur Spine J. 2010; 19: 871-878Crossref PubMed Scopus (126) Google Scholar]. Among these sites, spinal epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis carries potential risk and may lead to acute irreversible neurological deficits [[3]Salehi S.A. Koski T. Ondra S.L. Spinal cord compression in beta-thalassemia: case report and review of the literature.Spinal Cord. 2004; 42: 117-123Crossref PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar]. Surgery has been used as a treatment option, however there have been reports of significant blood loss [3Salehi S.A. Koski T. Ondra S.L. Spinal cord compression in beta-thalassemia: case report and review of the literature.Spinal Cord. 2004; 42: 117-123Crossref PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar, 4Lau S.K. Chan C.K. Chow Y.Y. Cord compression due to extramedullary hemopoiesis in a patient with thalassemia.Spine. 1994; 19: 2467-2470Crossref PubMed Scopus (35) Google Scholar, 5Garg K. Singh P.K. Singh M. et al.Long segment spinal epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis.Surg Neurol Int. 2013; 4: 161Crossref PubMed Google Scholar]. In our case, after multidisciplinary discussion, emergency surgical decompression was chosen due to the rapidly progressive paraparesis during the preceding48 hours since admission. It was felt that this would provide speedier decompression over radiotherapy. Additionally, appropriate preoperative hematologic optimization (tranexamic acid, blood and platelet transfusions) was also instigated. After induction of general anesthesia, left T5-T9 hemilaminectomies) were performed (Fig. 2). Total intraoperative blood loss was estimated at 200cc. No supplementary hematologic treatment was needed in the postoperative period. We underline the need for surgical management in cases of progressive spinal cord compression [2Haidar R. Mhaidli H. Taher A.T. Paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis in patients with thalassemia intermedia.Eur Spine J. 2010; 19: 871-878Crossref PubMed Scopus (126) Google Scholar, 4Lau S.K. Chan C.K. Chow Y.Y. Cord compression due to extramedullary hemopoiesis in a patient with thalassemia.Spine. 1994; 19: 2467-2470Crossref PubMed Scopus (35) Google Scholar]. It can be performed safely and without excessive hemorrhagic risk. In our case we used a unilateral approach which allowed complete decompression. This approach also limits blood loss and preserves soft tissue and bony structures on the contralateral side. Adequate preoperative hematologic status is essential in these cases. Radiation therapy was used as an adjuvant treatment postoperatively to prevent recurrence of epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis. Follow-up was performed at 6 weeks and 3 months. Complete neurologic recovery was observed, with no recurrence at 3 months MRI (Fig. 3). In conclusion, the optimal management for extramedullary hematopoiesis with neurological impairment remains unproven and is currently based on case-by-case situations. We suggest that surgical management can be safely performed with optimal hematologic preparation without incurring excessive intraoperative blood loss. Note 1: A signed patient consent form has been supplied for publication. Note 2: Posthumous authorship for Dr Christian Wider.