DPI Technology Research Articles

OpenVPN is Open to VPN Fingerprinting

VPN adoption has seen steady growth over the past decade due to increased public awareness of privacy and surveillance threats. In response, certain governments are attempting to restrict VPN access by identifying connections using “dual use” DPI technology. To investigate the potential for VPN blocking, we develop mechanisms for accurately fingerprinting connections using OpenVPN, the most popular protocol for commercial VPN services. We identify three fingerprints based on protocol features such as byte pattern, packet size, and server response. Playing the role of an attacker who controls the network, we design a two-phase framework that performs passive fingerprinting and active probing in sequence. We evaluate our framework in partnership with a million-user ISP and find that we identify over 85% of OpenVPN flows with only negligible false positives, suggesting that OpenVPN-based services can be effectively blocked with little collateral damage. Although some commercial VPNs implement countermeasures to avoid detection, our framework successfully identified connections to 34 out of 41 “obfuscated” VPN configurations. We discuss the implications of the VPN fingerprintability for different threat models and propose short-term defenses. In the longer term, we urge commercial VPN providers to be more transparent about their obfuscation approaches and to adopt more principled detection countermeasures, such as those developed in censorship circumvention research.

Network Big Data Analysis and Mining Based on DPI Technology

In recent years, the rapid development of mobile data network, with 4G commercial wireless network has entered the data era, more and more big data impact on the network of mobile operators, network monitoring and network security need to be strengthened. Depth packet detection technology DPI. The purpose of this paper is to complete network data analysis by in-depth identification of key words in IP packets, so as to meet the current demand of operators for network analysis. In this paper, DPI technology is applied to the actual network, and the DPI data analysis system is constructed by combining the 2G and 3G networks of China mobile. The key technologies in DPI include character recognition, behavior pattern recognition and application layer gateway recognition. At the end of the experiment, the mass signaling data from GB interface and iu-ps interface were obtained to effectively identify various applications and data mining in the network. This paper expounds big data analysis and mining technology and its decision application research from different aspects, hoping to provide theoretical reference for experts and scholars studying the application of big data analysis and mining technology.

Unraveling the Economic and Political Drivers of Deep Packet Inspection

The use of Deep Packet Inspection technology has been the focus of a growing amount of scholarly work due to its impact on sensitive policy issues. In this paper we look at the use of DPI for throttling or blocking peer to peer protocols by 288 broadband operators over three years, and correlate this with economic and political variables. Our empirical data shows that as of 2011, half of the studied ISPs are actively using DPI in their networks, although to varying degrees. We examine the role of seven economic and political drivers of DPI technology based on typical use-cases: bandwidth scarcity, network security, competition, surveillance, privacy protections, censorship and the strength of copyright industries. Performing bivariate analysis, we find that a few of these drivers are significantly correlated with the use of DPI.

Server Congestion Control And Reduction of Server Power Consumption With DPI Technology

Server Congestion Control And Reduction of Server Power Consumption With DPI Technology

Research on P2P Traffic Monitoring System Based on DPI Technology

This paper focuses on the key technologies of P2P technology and network traffic monitoring, which focuses on AC automaton and bypass interference control technology, and on based of it, we design a new P2P traffic monitoring system. The system uses DPI and DFI recognition technology, as well as straight loss and bypass interference control technology, basically meet the recognition and control of P2P traffic. Finally, the test results show that this system recognition accuracy of P2P traffic is high, good control effect, function and performance meet the design requirements.

Development of Budesonide Loaded Biopolymer Based Dry Powder Inhaler: Optimization, In Vitro Deposition, and Cytotoxicity Study.

The progress in the development of DPI technology has boosted the use of sensitive drug molecules for lung diseases. However, delivery of these molecules from conventional DPI to the active site still poses a challenge with respect to deposition efficiency in the lung. At same time, serious systemic side effects of drugs have become a cause for concern. The developed budesonide loaded biopolymer based controlled release DPI had shown maximum in vitro lung deposition with least toxicity. The subject of present study, lactose-free budesonide loaded biopolymer based DPI, further corroborates the great potential of antiasthmatic drugs. This technology is expected to revolutionize the approaches towards enhanced therapeutic delivery of prospective drugs.

Securitizing Critical Infrastructure, Blurring Organizational Boundaries: The U.S. Einstein Program

Objective: The objective of this research is to understand how organizations and policies were altered by a new information security technology, namely intrusion detection and intrusion prevention systems (IDS/IPS). The paper tracks the progress of the U.S. federal government’s Einstein program between 2003 and 2013, which implemented first IDS and later IPS capabilities in U.S. government agency networks. IDS/IPS inspects data packets in real-time and decides how to treat network traffic based on automated recognition of threats. The paper will: 1) analyze the securitization of U.S. information infrastructure; and 2) assess the potential implications for U.S. telecommunications policy.Method: We draw on interviews with principal actors, documentary evidence from federal privacy impact assessment reports, policy documents and news reports to track the progress of the program. Theoretically, we draw on new institutional economics, specifically transaction costs theory, to explain how security technologies can create new dependencies or new forms of supervision across organizational boundaries, or require hierarchies where before there were market transactions or looser, networked forms of cooperation. Findings: Cybersecurity efforts can alter the boundaries between governmental and private networks. The implementation of cybersecurity policies struggled to maintain a clear line between security and surveillance. As Einstein progressed, the relationships between private sector operators of Internet infrastructure and the government’s Internet security initiatives proved to be especially sensitive. The DPI technology required greater coordination and some degree of organizational centralization, as well as new forms of information sharing between military intelligence agencies and civilian agencies. This restructuring profoundly affected the relationships between ISPs and the U.S. government. The civilian Department of Homeland Security (DHS) had to serve as the ‘trusted intermediary’ between the private sector actors and military and intelligence agencies. Initially the DPI equipment was housed in the government agencies, but later the ISPs retained control of the DPI equipment but were given signatures by federal agencies. In a 2013 executive order the government extended Einstein to include networks of the private sector Defense Industrial Base (DIB) and Critical Infrastructure (CI) companies. Through contractual arrangements, those entities can receive Einstein capabilities provided by telecom providers AT&T and CenturyLink and defense companies Lockheed Martin and Raytheon.Implementation of the technology, in other words, threw up for negotiation the question of authoritative responsibilities between civilian and the military/intelligence government entities and the boundaries between the public and the private sector in cybersecurity efforts. These dynamics triggered strong apprehensions about surveillance, security and civil liberties, as well as concerns about the distribution of costs and risks, which in turn seem to have had a strong impact on the way the technology was implemented.Contribution: This article contributes to the debate on the Internet’s securitization (e.g. Dunn Cavelty, 2008) by providing an empirical, longitudinal case study on technology deployment and its institutional effects. The emphasis on transaction costs provides a suitable analytical method for understanding the factors that created both pressure for and resistance to organizational changes.

Unravelling the Economic and Political Drivers of Deep Packet Inspection

The use of Deep Packet Inspection technology has been the focus of a growing amount of scholarly work due to its impact on sensitive policy issues. In this paper we look at the use of DPI for throttling or blocking peer to peer protocols by 288 broadband operators over three years, and correlate this with economic and political variables. Our empirical data shows that as of 2011, half of the studied ISPs are actively using DPI in their networks, although to varying degrees. We examine the role of seven economic and political drivers of DPI technology based on typical use-cases: bandwidth scarcity, network security, competition, surveillance, privacy protections, censorship and the strength of copyright industries. Performing bivariate analysis, we find that a few of these drivers are significantly correlated with the use of DPI.

84 Pulmosphere(tm) DPI technology reduces time burden in cystic fibrosis: the lesson of tobramycin inhalation powder (TIP(tm))

84 Pulmosphere(tm) DPI technology reduces time burden in cystic fibrosis: the lesson of tobramycin inhalation powder (TIP(tm))