Enzyme-mediated nanoreactors with cascade metabolic modulation for enhanced chemo-chemodynamic combination therapy.

Advancement of doxorubicin monitoring with a DNA fragmentation strategy for SYBR Green I-based aptamer biosensors.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent whose clinical use is limited due to cardiorespiratory muscle toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate sex differences in the severity of DOX myotoxicity and to determine the effectiveness of preconditioning exercise to confer protection. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats remained sedentary (Sed) or performed 2 wk of exercise preconditioning (5 d·wk -1 , 60 min·d -1 , 30 m·min -1 ) (Ex). Twenty-four hours after the final exercise bout, rats received saline (Sal) or DOX (20 mg·kg -1 IP). Forty-eight hours later, cardiac and respiratory muscle functions were assessed and tissues were collected. Exercise preconditioning increased exercise tolerance in both male and female Sal- and DOX-treated rats compared with their Sed counterpart (male: Sed-DOX = 26.89 ± 2.30 min vs Ex-DOX = 39.01 ± 2.76 min; female: Sed-DOX = 24.65 ± 1 .81 min vs Ex-DOX = 45.14 ± 3.72 min). DOX reduced left ventricle fractional shortening (FS%) and maximal diaphragm muscle force production compared with Sal-treated rats in males and females, which were only prevented with exercise in female DOX-treated rats (FS% male: Sed-DOX = 35.57 ± 1.59% vs Ex-DOX = 35.12 ± 0.67%; female: Sed-DOX = 36.84 ± 1.11% vs Ex-DOX = 43.99 ± 2.56% and force male: Sed-DOX = 17.93 ± 1.13 N·cm -2 vs Ex-DOX = 20.91 ± 1.01 N·cm -2 ; female: Sed-DOX = 19.71 ± 0.68 N·cm -2 vs Ex-DOX = 22.00 ± 1.47 N·cm -2 ). These effects were associated with sex-specific differences in circulating hormones, muscle DOX accumulation, and gene expression.Conclusions: Cardiorespiratory muscle toxicity occurred after acute DOX exposure in male and female rats. Although, exercise preconditioning elicited a robust increase in cardiorespiratory endurance in both sexes, the beneficial effects of exercise on cardiac and diaphragm muscle function occurred exclusively in female rats.

Suppression of the neutrophil-derived S100A8/A9 complex ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in non-human primates.

Role of myocardium-derived exosomal miRNAs in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.

NRF2 upregulation by CDDO-Me protects AC16 human cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin-induced toxicity.

The traditional Chinese medicine Astragali Radix (AR) shows therapeutic effects on nephrotic syndrome (NS), with AR n-butanol (AR-B) particularly ameliorating podocyte injury. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study investigates how serum containing AR-B (AR-B-S) mitigates podocyte injury. Using rats as serum donors, we established an adriamycin (ADR)-induced injury model. The findings indicated that the optimal preparation protocol for AR-B-S was as follows: using serum collected 3.5 h after administration, incubating it at 56°C for 30 min, and employing a final concentration of 2.5%. Subsequently, compositional analysis using UPLC-MS technology and integrated network pharmacology predicted potential pathways, with more than 30% of AR-B-S targets for amelioration of podocyte injury related to the cell cycle. Furthermore, ADR was shown to facilitate the transition of MPC5 cells from a quiescent to a differentiated state. Additionally, ADR was demonstrated to have the ability to cause mitotic arrest in podocytes, which in turn leads to apoptosis. Conversely, intervention with AR-B-S was found to reverse ADR-induced mitotic arrest through the PI3K/Akt pathway, reducing podocyte apoptosis. This study showed AR-B-S reduces podocyte damage by regulating the cell cycle, providing a methodological reference for herbal serum preparation and suggesting a new therapeutic target for kidney disease.

As a broad-spectrum anticancer agent, doxorubicin (DOX) is extensively applied in the treatment of diverse human tumors. In this work, green-emitting fluorescent silicon doped carbon dots (Si-CDs) were fabricated through a straightforward solvent-thermal method. The as-prepared Si-CDs were quenched through the inner filter effect (IFE) with the addition of DOX. A fluorescence method based on Si-CDs was established for the quantitative analysis of DOX. The proposed approach showed a linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and DOX concentrations spanning from 0.05 to 50 µM, and its limit of detection reached as low as 6 nM. Meanwhile, the presented assay shows remarkable ability to detect DOX in practical samples with satisfactory recoveries, which may have important implications for the clinical monitoring of DOX therapy.

Y10 phosphorylation of LDHA promotes the release of extracellular vesicle-derived circSEPT9 to enhance the chemoresistance of triple negative breast cancer cells via modulation of the miR-515-5p/KIAA1429 axis.

pH-Responsive gradient hydrophobic multidrug co-delivery microcapsules based on sodium alginate for enhanced tumor accumulation.

Ursolic acid ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting DRP1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress.

The 2-aminopyrimidine ring as a new scaffold for potent MRP1 inhibitors.

Modulating tumor acidity with hydroxyethyl starch-based nanoparticles by targeting CA9 to eliminate cancer stem cells and overcome immunosuppression.

Biopolymeric nanogel delivery of doxorubicin induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of colon cancer cells through modulating Bax/Bcl2 ratio, AKT/PTEN, and activating Caspase-3.

A lysosome-targetable fluorescent probe for monitoring peroxynitrite fluctuations and therapeutic evaluation in ferroptosis-induced cardiomyopathy.

A clinically inspired olsalazine-based metal-organic framework enables a universal nanodrugs platform for diverse disease.

Rationale: Early and accurate evaluation of chemotherapy efficacy remains essential, yet conventional imaging approaches rely on delayed morphological changes. Functional alterations such as apoptosis and reduced metabolic activity occur earlier but are difficult to detect noninvasively. Magnetic signal detection offers a promising alternative but is limited by signal instability and biological noise.Methods: We developed a magnetic signal-based monitoring platform by combining magnetically responsive ferromagnetic-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (F-SPION) with a spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetometer, with signal amplification achieved through rubidium magnetization. In vitro, we assessed the linear correlation between magnetic signal intensity and tumor cell number, and further evaluated doxorubicin (DOX)-induced signal changes under constant cell conditions. Prussian blue staining was used to confirm changes in F-SPION uptake. In vivo, F-SPION was intravenously injected into tumor-bearing mice, and magnetic signals from tumor and normal tissues were measured at multiple time points after magnetization. The mice were randomly assigned to control or doxorubicin-treated groups, and tumor signals were monitored on Days 1, 7, 14, and 21. Biocompatibility was assessed through cytotoxicity, hemolysis, histology, and blood analysis.Results: In vitro, magnetic signal intensity strongly linearly correlated with tumor cell number (R² = 0.974). Doxorubicin treatment resulted in signal reduction despite the identical cell numbers (control: 267.88 ± 5.97 pT; 24 h: 206.02 ± 2.23 pT; 48 h: 122.74 ± 2.11 pT), with Prussian blue staining confirming reduced F-SPION uptake. In vivo, the signal peaked at 0.5 h post-injection (1528.54 ± 23.34 pT). The tumor signals were consistently greater than the signals of normal tissues at 5 min (802.7 ± 60.8 vs. 149.3 ± 16.2 pT) and 60 min (163.6 ± 3.2 vs. 42.8 ± 1.5 pT). On Day 1, the signal of the treatment group was 425.3 ± 24.4 pT and remained stable until Day 7 (425.4 ± 14.4 pT), whereas that of the control group increased from 481.4 ± 3.8 to 830.7 ± 5.9 pT.Conclusions: This magnetic signal-based platform enables noninvasive, real-time, and functional monitoring of tumor response, offering a sensitive and translational strategy for early-phase therapeutic evaluation.

The synergistic effects of kPa-scale elastic modulus and size of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/sodium alginate nanospheres on endocytosis.

Boronate-crosslinked hydrogel enables localized chemoimmunotherapy to remodel the immune microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer.

High-entropy intermetallic alloy/carbon nanoflower cascade nanozyme for multi-modal synergistic cancer therapy.