Double Row Beds Research Articles

Insecticide Efficacy Against Aphids in Leaf Lettuce, 2015

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of foliar insecticide spray applications for control of aphids on leaf lettuce under desert growing conditions. Leaf lettuce, “Bergram’s Green” was direct seeded on 4 Nov 2014 at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, Holtville, CA into double row beds on 40 inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated via furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were four 40 inch beds (13.3 ft) wide by 40 ft long with one non-planted bed between plots and 5 ft between blocks. Five replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB …

Whitefly Insecticide Efficacy in Broccoli, 2015

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides for control of SWF on broccoli under low desert growing conditions. Broccoli, (General) sets were transplanted on 16 Sep 2015 at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, El Centro, CA into double row beds on 40 inch centers, with a spacing five inches between plants. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation and thereafter furrow irrigation was used for plant health maintenance. Plots were four beds, 13.3 ft wide by 50 ft long and bordered by one untreated bed. Five replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Insecticidal compounds, formulations and application rates are provided in the tables. …

RESPUESTA DE ALGUNOS COMPONENTES DEL RENDIMIENTO DEL CULTIVO DE GARBANZO (Cicer arietinum L.) A LA INOCULACIÓN DE Mesorhizobium ciceri, Trichoderma harzianum Y Bacillus subtilis EN LA REGIÓN AGRÍCOLA DE LA COSTA DE HERMOSILLO

This work was carried out at the research station of the Agriculture Department of the University of Sonora, on a sandy-loam soil, seeding was performed on december 19 in the chickpea variety Blanoro in 1.5 m apart and double row beds. Treatments consisted of inoculation of microorganisms: Mesorhizobium ciceri (Mc), Trichoderma harzianum (Th) and Bacillus subtilis (Bs) alone and in combination, in contrast to nitrogen fertilizer (90-50-00). Treatments based on M. ciceri had a greater number of nodules per plant compared with the nitrogen fertilization treatments, the treatment with M. ciceri + B. subtilis showed higher nodulation compared to the rest of the treatments. Similar results were found in the weight of 100 grains as M. ciceri treatments were significant compared to nitrogen fertilization. The treatments with T. harzianum alone or in combination had the highest yields, standing triple inoculation (Th + Bs + Mc) with 3.33 t ha 1 showing sig

Bagrada hilarisControl with Organically Approved Insecticides, 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of organically approved insecticides against Bagrada hilaris in broccoli relative to a conventional standard under low desert growing conditions. Broccoli “Emerald Crown” was direct seeded into double row beds on 42-inch centers on 16 September 2014. Plots were two beds wide by 35 ft in length and bordered by two untreated beds. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided in the tables. Three foliar sprays were applied on 29 September, 5 and 13 October as broadcast applications delivered through 2 …

Foliar Insecticide Efficacy Against Worm Pests in Lettuce, 2014: Table 1

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of foliar insecticide spray applications for control of worm pests (BAW and CL) on iceberg head lettuce under desert growing conditions. Head lettuce “Diamond Back” was direct seeded on 17 September 2014 at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, El Centro, CA into, double row beds on 40-inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation and irrigated via furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were four 40-inch beds (13.3 ft) in width by 50 ft in length with one nonplanted bed between plots and 5 ft between blocks. …

Bagrada hilarisControl with Conventional Insecticide Mixtures, 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of conventional insecticide chemistries (pyrethroid, organophosphate, and neonicotinoid) used alone or in mixtures against Bagrada hilaris in broccoli under low desert growing conditions. Broccoli “Emerald Crown” was direct seeded into double row beds on 42-inch centers on 16 September 2014. Plots were two beds wide by 35 ft in length and bordered by two untreated beds. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided in the tables. Two foliar sprays were …

Soil-Surface-Applied Insecticides for Control ofBagrada hilaris(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Broccoli, 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides against Bagrada hilaris when applied as surface-banded soil applications on broccoli under low desert growing conditions. Broccoli “Emerald Crown” was direct seeded into double row beds on 42-inch centers on 16 September 2014. Plots were two beds in width by 30 ft in length. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in an RCB design. Product formulations and rates for each compound are provided in Tables 1 and 2. The soil insecticides were applied as a surface-band treatment using a single-bed boom equipped with a single flat fan nozzle (8004VS) oriented parallel with each seed line and calibrated to deliver 25 gpa spray at 40 psi. A 2–3 inch spray band was placed directly over …

Efficacy of Sivanto Against Green Peach Aphid on Green Cabbage, 2014: Table 1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Sivanto, applied alone and in mixture with other insecticides, against green peach aphid in cabbage under desert growing conditions. Cabbage “Gazzelle” was direct seeded into double row beds on 42-inch centers on 24 January 2014. Plots were two beds in width by 45 ft in length and bordered by two untreated beds. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Four …

Whitefly Insecticides Efficacy in Broccoli, 2014

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides for control of sweetpotato whitefly (SWF) on broccoli under low desert growing conditions. Broccoli, “General” plants were transplanted on 17 September 2014 at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, El Centro, CA, into double row beds on 40-inch centers, with a spacing five inches between plants. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and thereafter, furrow irrigation was used for plant health maintenance. Plots were four beds, 13.3 ft in width by 50 ft in length and bordered by one untreated bed. Five replications of each treatment were arranged in an RCB design. Insecticidal compounds, formulations, and application rates are provided in the tables. All insecticide treatments were …

Insecticide Efficacy Against Worm Pests in Cabbage, 2014: Table 1

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of various insecticide treatments against worm pests (BAW and CL) on cabbage under desert growing conditions. Cabbage “Headstart” was direct seeded on 17 September 2014 at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, Holtville, CA, into double row beds on 40-inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and furrow irrigation was used thereafter. Plots were four beds (13.3 ft) wide by 50 ft long and bordered by one untreated bed. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in an RCB design. Insecticidal compounds, formulations, and application …

Comparison of Foliar Insecticide Alternatives for Control of Lepidopterous Larvae in Head Lettuce, 2014

The objective of this trial was to compare the efficacy of foliar insecticide alternatives currently used in conventional lettuce production under fall growing conditions. Head lettuce “El Guapo” was direct seeded into double row beds on 42-inch centers on 6 Sep 2014. Plots were two beds wide by 40 ft long and bordered by two untreated beds. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided in the tables. Three foliar sprays were applied on 5, 17 Oct, and 12 Nov with a CO2 …

Control of Green Peach Aphid on Green Cabbage, 2014: Table 1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual efficacy of three industry standard insecticides at low label rates against green peach aphid in cabbage tested under desert growing conditions. Cabbage “Gazzelle” was direct seeded into double row beds on 42-inch centers on 24 January 2014. Plots were two beds in width by 45 ft in length and bordered by two untreated beds. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation and irrigated via furrow thereafter. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in an RCB design. Formulations …

Evaluation of Sequoia and Movento for Control of Western Flower Thrips on Head Lettuce, 2014

The objective of the trial was to evaluate the efficacy of the aphicides Sequoia and Movento against western flower thrips relative to the industry standards on romaine lettuce. Head lettuce ‘Pennylea’ was direct seeded on 5 December 2013 at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ, into double row beds on 42-inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were two beds wide by 35 ft long and bordered by two untreated beds. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in an RCB design. Formulations and rates for each compound are …

Cross-spectrum Insect Control with Foliar Insecticides in Broccoli, 2014: Table 1

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide mixtures compared to Exirel applied alone, for cross-spectrum control of major insect pests (sucking and chewing pests) in broccoli under fall growing conditions. Broccoli “Emerald Crown” was direct seeded into double row beds on 42-inch centers on 4 September, 2014. Plots were two beds in width by 45 ft in length and bordered by two untreated beds. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in an RCB design. Product formulations and rates for each compound are provided in Table 1. Two foliar sprays were applied on 30 September and 15 October with a CO2 pressurized boom sprayer that delivered a broadcast application through 2 TXVS-18 …

Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Western Flower Thrips on Romaine Lettuce, 2014

The objective of the trial was to evaluate the efficacy of foliar insecticides against western flower thrips relative to the industry standards on romaine lettuce. Romaine ‘Sunbelt’ was direct seeded on 24 Jan, 2014 at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ into double row beds on 42 inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were two beds wide by 35 ft long and bordered by two untreated beds. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided …

Insecticide Efficacy Against Thrips in Romaine Lettuce, 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides for control of thrips (WFT) and (BT) on romaine lettuce under desert growing conditions. Romaine lettuce “Sunbelt” was direct seeded on 22 October 2014 at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, El Centro, CA, into double-row beds on 40-inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation and thereafter, irrigated via furrow. Plots were four beds 13.3 ft in width by 50 ft in length and bordered by one untreated buffer bed. The experiment included seven insecticidal treatments and a nontreated check. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in an RCB design. All insecticide treatments were applied as foliar sprays applied with a four-row sprayer (Lee Spider Spray Trac …

Acaricidal Control of Citrus Rust Mites, 2014: Table 1

Russeting of fruit caused by feeding of the citrus rust mite (CRM) is of major concern to fresh fruit growers but, when severe, also reduces juice yield and quality. Given its potential for damage and short generation time, an adequate “tool box” of products is needed against this persistent pest. This trial was conducted at the Southwest Florida Research and Education Center on 18-yr-old “Valencia” orange trees planted at 15 by 22 ft spacing on double-row beds spacing running north–south. …

EVALUATION OF EXIREL AND TORAC FOR CONTROL OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS ON ROMAINE LETTUCE, 2013

The objective of the trial was to evaluate the efficacy of two new active ingredients, Exirel and Torac, against western flower thrips relative to the industry standards on romaine lettuce. Romaine ‘Sunbelt’ was direct seeded on 24 Jan, 2013 at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ into double row beds on 42 inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were two beds wide by 35 ft long and bordered by two untreated beds. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided in the tables. Two foliar sprays were applied on 3 and 13 Mar. The applications were made with a CO2 pressurized boom sprayer that delivered a broadcast application at 40 psi and 22.5 gpa through 2 TXVS-18 ConeJet nozzles per bed. An adjuvant Dyne-Amic (Helena Chemical Co.), was applied at 0.25% to all treatments. Numbers of WFT from 5 plants per replicate were recorded at various sample dates following each application (DAT). Relative WFT numbers were measured by removing plants and beating them vigorously against a screened pan (12 inch x 7 inch x 2 inch) for a predetermined time (10 s). A 6 inch by 6 inch sticky card was placed inside of the pan to catch the dislodged WFT. Sticky cards were then taken to the laboratory where adult and larvae were counted. Because of heterogeneity of mean variances, data were transformed using a log10 (x + 1) function before analysis and subjected to ANOVA; means were compared using an F-protected LSD (P ≤ 0.05). Means from non-transformed data are presented in the tables.

EVALUATION OF LANNATE TANK-MIXTURES FOR CONTROL OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS ON ROMAINE LETTUCE, 2013

The objective of the trial was to compare the efficacy of Lannate tank-mixtures against WFT on romaine lettuce. Romaine ‘Big Green COS’ was direct seeded on 7 Dec, 2012 at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ into double row beds on 42 inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were two beds wide by 35 ft long and bordered by two untreated beds. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided in the tables. Foliar sprays were applied on 4 and 17 Feb. The applications were made with a CO2 pressurized boom sprayer that delivered a broadcast application at 40 psi and 22.5 gpa through 2 TXVS-18 ConeJet nozzles per bed. An adjuvant Dyne-Amic (Helena Chemical Co.), was applied at 0.25% vol/vol to all treatments. Numbers of WFT from 5 plants per replicate were recorded at various sample dates following each application (DAT). Relative WFT numbers were measured by removing plants and beating them vigorously against a screened pan (12 inch x 7 inch x 2 inch) for a predetermined time (10 s). A 6 inch by 6 inch sticky card was placed inside of the pan to catch the dislodged WFT. Sticky cards were then taken to the laboratory where adult and larvae were counted. Because of heterogeneity of mean variances, data were transformed using a log10 (x + 1) function before analysis and subjected to ANOVA; means were compared using an F-protected LSD (P ≤ 0.05). Means from non-transformed data are presented in the tables.

EFFICACY OF Torac Tank-MIXTURES against WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS ON ROMAINE LETTUCE, 2013

The objective of the trial was to compare the efficacy of Torac tank-mixtures to industry standards for western flower thrips control on romaine lettuce. Romaine ‘Big Green COS’ was direct seeded on 27 Nov, 2012 at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ into double row beds on 42 inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were two beds wide by 35 ft long and bordered by two untreated beds. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided in the tables. All foliar sprays were applied on 1, 13 and 26 Feb. The applications were made with a CO2 pressurized boom sprayer that delivered a broadcast application at 40 psi and 22.5 gpa through 2 TXVS-18 ConeJet nozzles per bed. An adjuvant Dyne-Amic (Helena Chemical Co.), was applied at 0.25% to all treatments. Numbers of WFT from 5 plants per replicate were recorded at various sample dates following each application (DAT). Relative WFT numbers were measured by removing plants and beating them vigorously against a screened pan (12 inch x 7 inch x 2 inch) for a predetermined time (10 s). A 6 inch by 6 inch sticky card was placed inside of the pan to catch the dislodged WFT. Sticky cards were then taken to the laboratory where adult and larvae were counted. Because of heterogeneity of mean variances, data were transformed using a log10 (x + 1) function before analysis and subjected to ANOVA; means were compared using an F-protected LSD (P ≤ 0.05). Means from non-transformed data are presented in the tables.