Dotted Line Research Articles

Measles Infection Dose Responses: Insights from Mathematical Modeling

How viral infections develop can change based on the number of viruses initially entering the body. The understanding of the impacts of infection doses remains incomplete, in part due to challenging constraints, and a lack of research. Gaining more insights is crucial regarding the measles virus (MV). The higher the MV infection dose, the earlier the peak of acute viremia, but the magnitude of the peak viremia remains almost constant. Measles is highly contagious, causes immunosuppression such as lymphopenia, and contributes substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality. This work investigated mechanisms underlying the observed wild-type measles infection dose responses in cynomolgus monkeys. We fitted longitudinal data on viremia using maximum likelihood estimation, and used the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to evaluate relevant biological hypotheses and their respective model parameterizations. The lowest AIC indicates a linear relationship between the infection dose, the initial viral load, and the initial number of activated MV-specific T cells. Early peak viremia is associated with high initial number of activated MV-specific T cells. Thus, when MV infection dose increases, the initial viremia and associated immune cell stimulation increase, and reduce the time it takes for T cell killing to be sufficient, thereby allowing dose-independent peaks for viremia, MV-specific T cells, and lymphocyte depletion. Together, these results suggest that the development of measles depends on virus-host interactions at the start and the efficiency of viral control by cellular immunity. These relationships are additional motivations for prevention, vaccination, and early treatment for measles.Graphical abstractMeasles infection dose responses: insights from mathematical modeling. Top: Model-data fits for acute viremia in response to changes in measles infection doses. 104\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$10^4$$\\end{document}, 103\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$10^3$$\\end{document}, 102\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$10^2$$\\end{document}, 10 and 1 TCID50\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{50}$$\\end{document} correspond to red diamonds, blue stars, orange triangles, magenta dots, and green squares respectively. The solid lines represent the trajectories generated by the proposed model parameterization. The shapes represent data. The dark grey dotted dashed line represents the limit of detection < 0.3. Bottom: Cartoon illustrating that when the measles infection dose increases, the stimulation of the measles-specific cellular immune responses increases early on post-infection. This enhanced immune response reduces the time required to clear the infectious viral load and helps maintain similar levels of viral loads and lymphocyte depletion irrespective of the initial dose.

(단보) 조선왕조의 서북계도(西北界圖) - 청나라 지도·지리지와의 관계

“Seobug gyedo(西北界圖)” is a private map of Korea compiled from 1750 to 1776, which includes both the Map of China and the Map of Korea and belongs to the type of defense map of each other (each refers to Qing Dynasty, other refers to Korea). From the source of the map, we can see the Map of China is based on the “Kangxi FenfuTu(康熙分府圖)”, the brochure version of “HuangYu QuanLanTu(皇輿全覽圖)” of Kangxi Period. But since the “Kangxi FenfuTu” does not contain the map of Heilongjiang, it refers to the “Map of Heilongjiang” in the “Shengjing Tongzhi(盛京通志)” (The first year of Qianlong)”. On the map, it not only marks the boundary of Yalu River and Tumen River by dotted line, but also marks the Baegdusan Jeonggyebi with symbol. However, due to the influence of the “Kangxi FenfuTu” (“Yalu River Map” “Map of Shengjing Province”), the monument site is mistakenly marked in the vicinity of Sobeaksan, which bring about a distance from the actual monument site(the southeast foot of Baegdusan).

Composer's video for his own work: time parallels, dotted lines, perpendiculars

Relevance of the study is related to the problem of composers' self-illustrations in the YouTube presentations. The novelty of this topic is conditioned by new practice to illustrate music in YouTube. Graphic representation of music leads to the problem of correspondence between music and video. We selected only two Ukrainian composers to compare: Yuri Ishchenko and Sviatoslav Luniov.&#x0D; The main objective of the study is the determination of main principles of similarity or dissimilarity of time structures in music and images. The methodology is based on methods of comparison and analogy in the context of phenomenological approach to the Event in the Being Time (by late Heidegger). How the study was done: time structures of selected compositions were compared, through analogies, with the illustrating graphic events as phenomena of existential time. Thereby a number of similarities and dissimilarities were detected.&#x0D; Composer Y. Ishchenko preferred to illustrate his music by static images. Such a situation is a paradoxical because of the dynamic essence of his music. It establishes the problem of co-existent two time situations: in the first of them there is an integral and quasi-timeless image of music; but in the other situation there is a running stream of music structures. This approach becomes very and very fruitful because Music is able to use both the continuity, integrity of musical image as well as fluid sound events. The Y. Ishchenko's "Watercolors" for violin and piano are illustrated by several images; this approach makes it possible to mark different parts of total design (i.e. different movements or stages). Another solution one can hear and see in his "Small partita" for violin and harp. I helped him to accompany this design with fragments of animation about baroque époque. There are several GIFs - the periodically repeating images, which creates a cross-rhythm constellation with music. The significant crossfade is present in the video by Ishchenko's 3rd Violin sonata: ruined house through cross-like gap transforms in an abandoned church. The final fade of it lasts a minute. Thus, the minimal graphic processes are extremely expressive. S. Luniov mastered advanced skills in electronic music and its visual presentation. In his video "POST” he combines fragments of his own Panta Rhei for orchestra with sounds of the war. The intensity of the music development is essentially higher than that of graphic illustration, but at the end of the project the situation is opposite. In the video accompanying his Panta Rhei for orchestra S. Luniov synchronized main events and stages of the sound score with more intensive changes of the video stream and its thematic.&#x0D; Findings and conclusions. For the composer Y. Ishchenko, the graphic self-illustration on YouTube was mostly the outer necessity. He often limited his projects with static images for the total score or its main parts. Thus, he reinforced the integrity pole of events with the graphic ingredient of YouTube projects. Thereby, the dramaturgic tense of his compositions is concentrated in music. Such an approach was called time perpendicular strategy or time dotted line strategy. For the composer S. Luniov, the graphic self-illustration on YouTube is mostly the parallel stream of events. However, the tempo and intensity of visual and sound streams can be unequal. Such an approach is called time parallel strategy. Significance of the study follows from its conclusions, leading to more skillful and exact solutions within composers' self-illustration, i.e. in clarifying the semantic and structure design in music.

1148. Long-term Persistence of Measles and Rubella Virus Neutralizing Antibody Levels among Adults with Three Doses of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine

Abstract Background A third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) may be administered for various reasons, but there are limited data on long-term immunogenicity. We assessed persistence of measles and rubella neutralizing antibodies among adults after receipt of three MMR doses. Methods Adults who received two MMR doses in childhood and a third dose as young adults (aged 18-28 years) in 2009-2010 were recalled at around 5 (2014-2016) and 9-11 (2019-2021) years after receipt of the third MMR dose. Measles and rubella antibody levels were assessed by plaque-reduction and soluble immunocolorimetric neutralization assays, respectively. Participants with measles antibody concentrations &amp;lt; 120 mIU/ml or rubella antibody concentrations &amp;lt; 10 U/mL were considered potentially susceptible to infection. Generalized estimating equations models were used to estimate geometric mean concentrations (GMC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of antibody levels over time. Results Approximately 5 and 9-11 years after receipt of the third MMR dose, 408 (aged 22-33 years) and 304 (aged 26-37 years) adults were reassessed, respectively. For measles, GMC was 428 mIU/mL (95% CI, 392 – 468 mIU/mL) at 5 years after the third MMR dose, declining to 381 mIU/mL (95% CI, 339 – 428 mIU/mL) at 11 years after the third MMR dose (Fig 1). Measles antibody concentrations during both long-term follow-up periods declined to levels lower than before receipt of the third dose (Fig 2). At the last follow-up visit (2019-2021), 10% of participants were potentially susceptible to measles infection compared to 3% before receipt of the third MMR dose up to 11 years earlier. For rubella, GMCs were stable throughout the long-term follow-up period (63 U/mL to 65 U/mL) (Fig 3). Rubella antibody concentrations during the long-term follow-up periods remained higher than levels before receipt of the third MMR dose and were similar to levels at 1 year after receipt of the third MMR dose (Fig 2). None of the participants were susceptible to rubella at the last follow-up visit. The solid black line shows the trend in population GMC estimates from before vaccination (0 year) through 12 years after receipt of the third MMR dose. The gray lines show the measles virus antibody concentrations over time for each individual. The dotted horizontal line shows concentration &amp;lt;120 mIU/mL used as the cutoff for susceptibility. The vertical dotted lines represent the cutoff for susceptibility. The geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were estimated using generalized estimating equations model. The solid black line shows the trend in population GMC estimates from before vaccination (0 year) through 12 years after receipt of the third MMR dose. The gray lines show the rubella virus antibody concentrations over time for each individual. The dotted horizontal line shows concentration &amp;lt;10 U/mL used as the cutoff for susceptibility. Conclusion Neutralizing antibody levels to measles and rubella remained high and persisted through 11 years after vaccination among adults who received three MMR doses. However, some adults may become susceptible to measles infection over time despite receipt of three MMR doses. Disclosures Stephen N. Crooke, PhD, Bionano Genomics: Stocks/Bonds|Caribou Biosciences: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Vistagen Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Huong McLean, PhD, MPH, Seqirus: Grant/Research Support

2183. Porin Mutations Potentiate the in Vitro Synergy of Meropenem-Vaborbactam (MVB), but not Ceftazidime-Avibactam (CZA) in Combination with Other Antibiotics against KPC-producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae (KPC-Kp)

Abstract Background CZA and MVB are often used in combination with other antibiotics in clinical practice. Our objective was to assess their in vitro synergy stratified by predominant ompK36 genotype: wild-type (WT), or mutants that included an insertion sequence 5 (IS5) or GD duplication (GD). Methods 15 KPC-Kp clinical isolates were selected. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution in triplicate. Time-kill analyses were used to test CZA and MVB alone (1 and 4x MIC) and in combination with colistin (COL; 2 mg/L), fosfomycin (FOS; 100 mg/L + 25 mg/L G6P), gentamicin (GEN; 2 µg/mL), meropenem (MEM; 8 mg/L), and tigecycline (TGC; 2 mg/L) against 1x108 cFu/mL. 24 hour log-kill was calculated as log cFu/mL decrease from time 0. Results 5 isolates each had ompK36 WT, IS5, or GD. 27% and 73% were KPC-3 and KPC-2, respectively. 100% were susceptible to CZA and MVB. None were resistant to COL. 3 were non-susceptible to GEN, which were all IS5 (Table 1). In combination with CZA 1x MIC, each of COL, GEN, and MEM were bactericidal against all isolates; mean ± standard error (SE) log kills were -7.39 ± 0.3, -6.58 ± 0.93, and -5.81 ± 0.21, respectively (Figure 1). Mean log-kills did not vary for CZA + COL, GEN, or TGC against ompK36 mutants vs WT; however, log-kills were significantly lower for CZA + FOS (-3.78 vs -6.6; p &amp;lt; 0.05) or MEM (-5.4 vs -6.62; p &amp;lt; 0.01) against ompK36 mutants compared to WT. Synergy rates were reduced from 100% against WT to 80%, 60%, and 40% against mutant isolates for CZA + COL, MEM, and FOS, respectively (Figure 2). MVB 1x MIC in combination with COL, FOS, GEN, and TGC were bactericidal 67, 27, 80, and 47% of the time, with corresponding log kills of -3.96 ± 1.1, -1.56 ± 0.83, -5.05 ± 0.82, and -2.53 ± 0.28, respectively (Figure 1). Mean ± SE log kills were significantly greater against porin mutants compared to WT for MVB + COL (-5.57 vs -0.73; p = 0.03), FOS (-3.11 vs 1.54; p = 0.03), or TGC (-2.93 vs -1.73; p = 0.04). Rates of synergy were also higher against porin mutants vs WT for MVB + FOS or COL (Figure 2). Table 1 Characteristics and susceptibility data for fifteen KPC-Kp isolates chosen for analysis. CAZ = ceftazidime; COL = colistin; CZA = Ceftazidime-avibactam; FOS = fosfomycin; GD = GD duplication; GEN = gentamicin; IS5 = insertion sequence 5; KPC = Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase; MEM = meropenem; MVB = meropenem-vaborbactam; TGC = tigecycline; WT = wild-type. Figure 1 24-hour log kills for antibiotic combinations with CZA (ceftazidime-avibactam) and MVB (meropenem-vaborbactam) at 1X MIC, stratified by ompk36 status: wild-type (WT) versus mutant (MUT). Bactericidal is defined as -3 log kill from time 0 at 24 hours and indicated by the dotted horizontal line. COL = colistin; FOS = fosfomycin; GEN = gentamicin; MEM = meropenem; MIC = minimum inhibitory concentration; TGC = tigecycline. Figure 2 Proportion of bactericidal, synergistic, and antagonistic outcomes for ompK36 wild-type (WT; n = 5) versus mutant (MUT; n = 10) KPC-Kp isolates tested against CZA (ceftazidime-avibactam) or MVB (meropenem-vaborbactam) at 1X MIC as single agents and in combination with colistin (COL), gentamicin (GEN), tigecycline (TGC), meropenem (MEM), or fosfomycin (FOS). Bactericidal activity was defined as -3 log kill from time 0 at 24 hours; synergy and antagonism were defined as -2 or +2 log kill at 24 hours compared to most active single agent, respectively. Conclusion Porin mutations negatively impact CZA synergy with other antibiotics compared to WT, though 24-hour log kills for COL, FOS, GEN, and MEM remained below the bactericidal threshold. Conversely, porin mutations potentiate synergy between MVB and COL, FOS, or TGC. Disclosures Ryan K. Shields, PharmD, MS, Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Utility: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Grant/Research Support

Debulking of Ligamentum Teres—A Technique to Preserve the Ligamentum in Open Reduction of DDH

Debulking of Ligamentum Teres—A Technique to Preserve the Ligamentum in Open Reduction of DDH

Analysis of risk factors and development of a nomogram prediction model for lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Background This study aimed to explore risk factors for lupus nephritis (LN) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and establish a Nomogram prediction model based on LASSO-logistic regression. Methods The clinical and laboratory data of SLE patients in Meishan People’s Hospital from July 2012 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. All SLE patients were divided into two groups with or without LN. Risk factors were screened based on LASSO-logistic regression analysis, and a Nomogram prediction model was established. The receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis were adopted to evaluate the performance of the Nomogram model. Results A total of 555 SLE patients were enrolled, including 303 SLE patients with LN and 252 SLE patients without LN. LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that ESR, mucosal ulcer, proteinuria, and hematuria were independent risk factors for LN in SLE patients. The four clinical features were incorporated into the Nomogram prediction model. Results showed that calibration curve was basically close to the diagonal dotted line with slope 1 (ideal prediction case), which proved that the prediction ability of the model was acceptable. In addition, the decision curve analysis showed that the Nomogram prediction model could bring net clinical benefits to patients when the threshold probability was 0.12–0.54. Conclusion Four clinical indicators of ESR, mucosal ulcer, proteinuria, and hematuria were independent risk factors for LN in SLE patients. The predictive power of the Nomogram model based on LASSO-logistic regression was acceptable and could be used to guide clinical work.

C55 A GIANT PSEUDOANEURYSM OF MITRAL–AORTIC INTERVALVULAR FIBROSA PRESENTING AS RECENT–ONSET ANGINA AND CARDIAC ARREST DUE TO VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

Abstract A 66–year–old man was suddenly referred to the emergency department (ED) for an extra–hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation, promptly treated by a single DC shock. Four months prior, he had undergone aortic valve replacement with a biological valve prosthesis (BVP, Perimount Magna n. 23) for severe aortic stenosis. One month after cardiac surgery the patient was hospitalized for acute cholecystitis requiring antibiotics and percutaneous cholecystostomy. On arrival to the ED the patient was awake and completely asymptomatic; no fever during days before the episode. He had been complaining of constricting retrosternal chest pain during physical exertion for ten days. However, no signs of ischemia were seen on the EKG. TT echo showed a very large pulsatile anaechogenic area posteriorly to BVP. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE 2D, Traditional 3D and TrueVue) highlighted a very large pseudoaneurysm of mitral–aortic interventricular fibrosa (P–MAIVF; Figures 1 and 2, long axis and short–axis views). TEE features included: 1) a very large cavity with thickened walls, extended for more than two–thirds of the prosthetic circumference and with multiple septa; 2) a large communication between the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and P–MAIVF (see yellow dotted line in Fig.1A) with a to–and–fro flow into the cavity and a prominent systolic pulsation; 3) no paraprosthetic leak and absence of any attached mass or intraprosthetic aortic regurgitation. These findings suggested a prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis with an extensive periannular involvement. Moreover, the P–MAIVF may have led to “ab extrinseco” compression of the left coronary artery, with a potential role in the genesis of chest pain and ventricular arrhythmia (in absence of significant CAD at preoperative coronary angiography). An empiric antibiotic therapy with daptomycin and piperacillin–tazobactam was started. The patients subsequently underwent Bentall surgery with a subannular implantation technique (Perimount valvular prosthesis n.23 and Gelweave vascular prosthesis n.28). Figure 3 shows an intraoperative image and postoperative TEE. In conclusion, P–MAIVF is an ominous complication of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Presentation with exertional angina and cardiac arrest is unusual. TEE is sensitive for diagnosis and 3D echo provides better insights into the anatomy helping formulate an appropriate surgical strategy.

Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for sarcopenia among older people in China.

Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for sarcopenia among older people in China.

Road Use Regulations: Knowledge and Compliance Among Commercial Motorcycle Riders in Oluyole Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria

The usage of motorbikes for commercial transportation has become increasingly popular, particularly when there are traffic jams in Nigeria. However, the number of injuries resulting from motorcycle accidents is rising, and there is insufficient data on how much commercial motorcyclists abide by traffic laws and regulations. This study, therefore, assessed the knowledge of road use regulations and compliance among commercial motorcycle riders in Oluyole Local Government Area (OLGA), Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted 300 randomly selected commercial motorcyclists in OLGA. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square at p=0.05. Respondents’ mean age was 31.9±7.0 years, 66.0% were married while 54% had a valid riding license. Sixty-eight percent of the participants stated that 50 km/hour is the speed limit for commercial motorcycle while 77.7% reported that the dotted white line on the road indicating a rider can overtake. The mean knowledge score was 7.8±1.8, 86.0% had good knowledge on road use rules and regulation. Most (99.7%) of the participants revealed that they always mindful of following road use rules while 37.0% said they always use helmet whenever they want to carry passengers. The mean level of compliance to road use rules and regulation was 6.3±0.6, only 31% were in full compliance with the road use rules and regulation. Significantly, commercial motorcycle riders who possess a valid drivers’ license (36.6%) had full compliance to road use regulations compared to those without valid drivers’ license (25.2%). Commercial motorcycle riders had good knowledge of traffic rules and regulations but full compliance was low. Compliance to road use rules and regulations should be enforced.

3D-printed Model and guide plate for accurate resection of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.

Advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) can have unclear borders, and simple expanded resection may not only destroy surrounding normal tissues unnecessarily, but can also leave residual tumor cells behind. In this article, we describe a new method for resection and evaluate its accuracy. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 12 patients with advanced cSCC were reconstructed to obtain three-dimensional (3D) tumor models and guide plates for surgeries. Thirty-eight patients with the same cSCC stage, who underwent expanded resection, were included. The distances between the upper, lower, left and right horizontal margins and tumor pathological boundaries were classified as "positive", "close" (0-6 mm), "adequate" (6-12 mm) or "excessive" (>12 mm). The positive margin rate and margin distance were compared between the groups. The 3D tumor models of 12 patients were all successfully reconstructed. The positive rate of 48 surgical margins in the guide plate group was 2.1%, and the proportion of "adequate" margins was 70.8%. A total of 152 margins of 38 patients were included in the extended resection group, for which the positive rate was 13.8%; this was higher than that of the guide plate group (P = 0.045). The proportion of "adequate" margins was 27.6%, with group differences seen in the distance distribution (P < 0.01). In surgical resection of advanced cSCC, compared with simple expanded resection, surgical planning using a 3D tumor model and guide plate can reduce the rate of horizontal surgical margins, and the probability of under- or over-resection.Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn, Identifier [No. ChiCTR2100050174].

A Regular Pattern of Timestamps Between Machines with Built-in System Time

This paper studied the effect of 15.6 ms time resolution where the collected timestamps are in a form of parallel dotted lines, instead of one straight line like in classical case. The dotted lines made the clock skew measurement of two devices to become incorrect as the measurement which normally follow the cluster of offsets but now follow the parallel dotted lines. Dotted lines pattern is required in order to understand how to correct the clock skew measurement on data containing dotted lines. To model the dotted lines pattern is through Dotted lines Grouping Method, a tools to find the characteristics of the dotted lines. The dotted lines grouping method was then tested data obtained from wired and wireless communication of two similar devices. The dotted line grouping method results equal maximum number of dot of 10 for both data, which indicated the robustness of the dotted lines grouping method.

1954. Immunogenicity against SARS CoV-2 ancestral strain and variants of two new COVID-19 recombinant adjuvanted vaccines compared to BNT162b2 as a third dose following two doses of BNT162b2: a single-blinded multicenter randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background New adjuvanted recombinant protein vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as heterologous boosters could maximize the benefits of vaccination against SARS CoV-2. Methods In this randomized, single-blinded, multicenter trial, adults who had received two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) 3–7 months before were randomly assigned to receive a boost of BNT162b2, Sanofi/GSK SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted recombinant protein MV D614 (monovalent parental formulation) or SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted recombinant protein MV B.1.351 vaccine (monovalent Beta formulation). The primary endpoint was the percentage of subjects with a ≥ 10-fold increase in neutralizing antibody titers for the Wuhan (D614) and B.1.351 (Beta) SARS-CoV-2 viral strains between D0 and D15. Results The percentages of participants whose neutralizing antibody titers against the Wuhan (D614) SARS-CoV-2 strain increased by a factor ≥ 10 between Day 0 and Day 15 was 55.3% (95% CI 43.4-66.7) in MV(D614) group (n=76), 76.1% (64.5-85.4) in MV(Beta) group (n=71) and 63.2% (51.3-73.9) in BNT162b2 group (n=76). These percentages were 44.7% (33.3-56.6), 84.5% (74.0-92.0) and 51.3% (39.6-63.0) for the B.1.351 (Beta) viral strain, respectively. Higher neutralizing antibodies rates against Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants were also elicited after Sanofi/GSK MV(Beta) vaccine compared to the other vaccines. Comparable reactogenicity profile was observed the three vaccines. Table 1.Characteristics of patients at inclusion (per-protocol population).Figure 2.Neutralizing antibodies against D614 (wild-type; Wuhan) SARS-CoV-2 and variants Beta, Delta and Omicron BA.1 at D0, D15 and D28 after the boost dose (“post D3”)with Sanofi/GSK-D614, Sanofi/GSK-B.1.351 or BNT162b2 (per-protocol population); dotted line represents the positivity threshold.Figure 4.Rates and grades of severity of solicited adverse events reported from D0 to D7 by participants from the three randomized groups of the safety population (G1, Sanofi/GSK-D614; G2, Sanofi/GSK-B.1.351; G3, BNT162b2) according to the Toxicity Grading Scale for Healthy Adult and Adolescent Volunteers Enrolled in Preventive Vaccine Clinical Trials (Modified FDA scale/September 2007) Conclusion All three vaccines boosted antibodies and neutralizing response after BNT162b2 initial course. Heterologous boosting with the Sanofi/GSK SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted recombinant protein vaccine B.1.351 (Beta formulation) provided higher neutralizing antibodies response rates against variants, including Omicron BA.1, compared with the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. Disclosures Odile Launay, MD, PhD, AstraZeneca: Financial|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Johnson &amp; Johnson: Advisor/Consultant|Johnson &amp; Johnson: Grant/Research Support|MD: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Data safety monitoring board|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Data safety monitoring board Liem Binh Luong, MD, Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria Karine Lacombe, MD, PhD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, MD, PHD, Janssen: Board Member|Pfizer: Board Member|Sanofi Pasteur: Board Member.

Cortical mechanisms of visual brightness.

SUMMARYThe primary visual cortex signals the onset of light and dark stimuli with ON and OFF cortical pathways. Here, we demonstrate that both pathways generate similar response increments to large homogeneous surfaces and their response average increases with surface brightness. We show that, in cat visual cortex, response dominance from ON or OFF pathways is bimodally distributed when stimuli are smaller than one receptive field center but unimodally distributed when they are larger. Moreover, whereas small bright stimuli drive opposite responses from ON and OFF pathways (increased versus suppressed activity), large bright surfaces drive similar response increments. We show that this size-brightness relation emerges because strong illumination increases the size of light surfaces in nature and both ON and OFF cortical neurons receive input from ON thalamic pathways. We conclude that visual scenes are perceived as brighter when the average response increments from ON and OFF cortical pathways become stronger.

PENERAPAN METODE MENEBALKAN GARIS PUTUS-PUTUS DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOORDINASI MATA DAN TANGAN ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN DI TK AISYIYAH BUSTANUL ATHFAL II PERUMNAS

Giving stimulation in early childhood is very important for optimizing children's development, including fine motor skills. It is important to optimize fine motor development stimulation because it will affect the child's readiness to maximize the movements of the wrist and fingers. This also affects the coordination of the child's eye and hand functions so that he can process the information he receives at the same time. This study aims to determine the improvement of the child's eye and hand coordination after applying the method of thickening the dotted line to children aged 4 to 5 years in community service research through service learning at TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Atfhal II Perumnas Makassar City with a total of 4 participants. children. In its application, it uses a dotted line patterned drawing paper instrument, an observation sheet, and an evaluation sheet for the implementation of the intervention. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of this research show that the application of thickening the dotted line is effective in improving children's hand and eye coordination in carrying out activities simultaneously. This study implies that the development of hand-eye coordination in stimulated children has different speeds.

Beyond the Dotted Line: Empowering Parents From Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Families to Participate

Parent participation in the Individualized Education Program (IEP) process is a critical factor in improving the effectiveness of children’s special education programs and services. However, many families, particularly those from culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) backgrounds, are unfamiliar with the IEP process and their rights under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). For families with young children with special needs in preschool, this process may be even more daunting when they may have just transitioned from early intervention services to the school system. The article will focus on the critical need for early childhood special education (ECSE) teachers to support and empower families to become active participants in their child’s IEP. The article will 1) examine the importance of cultural self-awareness in developing collaborative relationships with families, 2) discuss supports for CLD families, and 3) provide an easy-to-follow checklist for ECSE teachers as they support and empower CLD families to become active participants in their children’s IEP.

Interrelations between the Oppel-Kundt- and the T-illusion.

In order to investigate interrelations between the Oppel-Kundt- and the T-illusion, T-type figures, comprised of one dotted and one empty line (demarcated by its endpoints), separated by a gap of variable size, and rotated to oblique orientations, were judged with regard to the lengths of the two extents. The T-illusion (overestimation of the length of the undivided line) was greater for a T with a dotted undivided line and a small gap. When the divided line was dotted, the illusion vanished at a small gap and reversed at a larger one. Findings are interpreted to mirror activities of a neural T-schema as well as orientation- and density-sensitive neurons.

Novel roles of tendon in the postnatal growth and expansion of TMJ condyle

The Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex joints in the human body. TMJ is composed of the temporal bone, a disc and a movable mandibular condyle with abundant tendon attachments. Tendon has been thought to play the sole function of transmitting muscle forces to stabilize joints, yet it is largely unclear why tendon undergoes ectopic ossification in trauma or diseases, and whether it has any direct contribution to skeletal formation. This study aimed to investigate the full biological significance of tendon in TMJ growth. We first discovered that the TMJ condyle is composed of a well‐established cartilage head and an overlooked “bony head” that grows after birth and continuously expands throughout the lifespan with little signs of remodeling. Mouse X‐ray images (Fig.1a) showed little change in the cartilage head’s volume but a continuous expansion in the bony head’s mass with a low mineral content from 1 to 5 months (Fig.1b). Toluidine blue staining showed TMJ condyle had a large area of tendon attachment extending down to ramus (Fig.1c, white dotted line in lower magnification), defined by regions of tendon, interface, and TFB (Fig.1c1). The TFB morphology was distinct from endosteum‐formed bone (EFB, Fig.1c1), cartilage‐formed bone (CFB, Fig.1c2, rich in cartilage residual), or periosteum‐formed bone (PFB, Fig.1c3) in cell shape and distribution, and ECM. TEM images further revealed that the osteocytes in the TFB were large in size, irregular in shape, had small nuclei but numerous ERs and Golgi complexes, and were embedded in ECM rich in fibropositors. In contrast, the osteocytes in EFB, CFB or PFB were spindle‐shaped with larger nuclei but fewer ERs and Golgi complexes (Fig.1d). To reveal the cell source of the bony head, cell lineage tracing were used. Tracing data showed that most CFB cells originate from Col10a1+ hypertrophic chondrocytes, whereas the interface and TFB were derived from Scx+ cells (Fig.1e). RNAscope displayed high levels of Thbs4 (Thrombospondin‐4, a tendon marker) and SOST (a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling secreted by osteocytes) mRNA in TFB at bony head (Fig.1f). The Scx‐CreERT2 tracing combined with IHC staining showed TFB maintained a mixed ECM of bone (Col1), cartilage (Aggrecan) and tendon (Periostin, Fig.1g). To further determine the role of tendon lineage in condyle expansion, we generated Scx‐CreERT2; R26RDTA (carrying a loxP‐flanked stop cassette associated with an attenuated diphtheria toxin fragment A, DTA, for the ablation of cells when Cre is active). Deletion of Scx+ cells greatly reduced the size of bony head (Fig.1h) and the thickness of interface with few Scx+/Col1+ bone cells in P28 DTA mice (Fig.1i); In conclusion, our study tendon cells, beyond their conventional role in joint movement, are key players for the postnatal growth and expansion of TMJ condyle (Fig.1j).

PO-717-02 TRANS-HEPATIC ‘BODY-FLOSSING’ TO OBTAIN ACCESS IN A PATIENT WITH VENOUS OCCLUSIONS FOR SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA ABLATION

Trans-hepatic access (THA) can be performed for ablations in patients with femoral venous occlusions. In the setting of additional superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion, obtaining a second access can be challenging. To describe retrograde crossing of a chronic total venous occlusion (CTVO) followed by superior snaring after THA. n/a A 45-year-old female with a history of end-stage renal disease presented with recurrent supraventricular tachycardia refractory to medications. She had dialysis performed at different times via all 4 extremities and had known inferior CTVO. THA was obtained to gain access into the heart (A, blue arrows). Right internal jugular vein (IJV) was occluded; the left IJV vein was accessed, however, there was evidence of SVC stenosis (B, yellow dotted line), and a wire could not be advanced antegradely. Using a Glidewire from the THA, the stenosis was crossed retrogradely (C, yellow arrows). From the left IJV sheath, the wire tip was snared (D, white arrow), and pulled out (Figure 1E, green arrows). Once through-and-through access was obtained, a long sheath was advanced over the wire into the right atrium (F, red arrows) through which another decapolar catheter (G-H, orange arrow) was placed and with the help of the THA decapolar coronary sinus catheter (G, asterisk), the diagnosis of typical atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia was confirmed. Following this, the THA decapolar catheter was replaced by an ablation catheter (H, red arrow) for successful slow pathway modification. Obtaining venous access in addition to the THA can be challenging in patients with superior and inferior venous stenosis. Retrograde crossing of CTVO scan be performed after THA, and with the help of snaring, additional access can be obtained.

Friction wear characteristics of a femtosecond laser-patterned amorphous carbon thin film

In this study, an amorphous carbon thin film on a cemented carbide substrate was prepared with surface micropatterns using femtosecond laser machining. The micropatterns that were considered were made of lines, dotted lines, and zigzag dotted lines. We performed a tribology test using a ball-on-disk friction wear test and investigated the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear amount as a function of pattern size and shape. The micropattern made using femtosecond laser patterning exhibited better friction coefficient properties than the bare amorphous carbon samples. Moreover, the pattern size and shape influenced the friction coefficient value of the patterned samples. The dotted line pattern shape showed superior results in friction coefficient characteristics compared to those of other micropatterns.