Sulfur Doses Research Articles

Effect of various sources and doses of Sulphur on yield and economics of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Effect of various sources and doses of Sulphur on yield and economics of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Yield and composition of rosemary essential oil cultivated with different doses of nitrogen and sulfur

Yield and composition of rosemary essential oil cultivated with different doses of nitrogen and sulfur

Efeito de nitrogênio e enxofre no perfil de ácidos graxos de cártamo

ABSTRACT Nutritional management is one of the most important factors determining plant growth and improving the quality characteristics of a crop. This study aimed to investigate the application of doses of sulphur from different fertilizer sources (S0: control - no sulphur application); S1: 25 kg ha−1 - sulphur phosphate composites; S2: 50 kg ha−1 - sulphur phosphate composites; S3: 25 kg ha−1 - elemental sulphur; S4: 50 kg ha−1 - elemental sulphur; S5: 25 kg ha−1 - zinc sulphate; S6: 50 kg ha−1 - zinc sulphate) and nitrogen fertilizers (0, 40 and 80 kg ha−1 - urea fertilizer) on the profile of fatty acids, in Carthamus tinctorius L. seeds. The application of high levels of sulphur significantly reduced the amount of ash. The highest percentage of oil was achieved from plants grown with S4N80 and S3N40. The highest amounts of stearic and oleic acid were recorded with the use of S6N80. The linolenic acid content was affected by both sulphur and nitrogen doses, and the highest amount was recorded using S4N80 and S6N40, respectively. The application of S4N80, S6N80 and S3N80 in the studied area could significantly improve the oil quality.

Infection Risk-Based Application of Plant Resistance Inducers for the Control of Downy and Powdery Mildews in Vineyards

Plant resistance inducers (PRIs) are potential alternatives for controlling grapevine downy (DM) and powdery (PM) mildews in vineyards. In a 3-year field study, we evaluated the field efficacy of six commercial PRIs of chemical and natural origin against DM and PM diseases when applied at designated vine growth stages in a mixture with low doses of copper and sulfur, and only when advised by weather-driven disease models. The disease severity and incidence were evaluated for each season at key growth stages (i.e., the end of flowering, berries pea-sized, veraison, and pre-harvest), and areas under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) were calculated and compared with those of nontreated vines. These risk-based applications resulted in a 41% and 61% reduction of interventions against DM and PM, respectively, compared to the official advice for integrated pest management in the growing area. These applications provided a disease control efficacy of 88% for DM and 93% for PM; the disease severity on bunches never exceeded 5%. Overall, when the disease severity was expressed as AUDPC, we observed higher efficacy of all the PRIs for PM, and of laminarin and cerevisane for DM. We also found that potassium phosphonate and fosetyl-Al (commonly used against DM) were effective against PM, and cos-oga (used against PM) was effective against DM. These results broaden the application and integration of PRIs in viticulture.

Impact of Sulphur Nanoparticles on Growth and Biological Yield of Groundnut-Mustard Crop Sequence Under Sandy Loam Soils of Central Gujarat

In the present era of farming, the farmers were not using the secondary fertilizers for supplementing the sulphur nutrient and groundnut and mustard crops require the higher amount of sulphur. While, the traditional sulphur fertilizers have very low nutrient use utilization efficiency, moreover nano fertilizers have high nutrient use efficiency. So, the present experiment was conducted with using the different sources of sulphur. The existing experiment was conducted at Anand Agricultural university, Anand, in 2021-22 using completely randomized design with 11 treatments replication 4 times. The results reveal that the significantly higher plant height at 30 DAS was registered with the application of RDF + sulphur nanoparticles @ 4 mg S/kg (T10), than rest of the treatments. The significantly higher plant height, branches/plant and biological yield of groundnut-mustard cropping sequence was obtained with the fertigation of RDF + sulphur nanoparticles @ 3 mg S/kg soil, 50% at basal & 50% at 30 DAS (T9). It can be concluded that application of 3 mg S/kg soil, 50% at basal & 50% at 30 DAS can be an optimum dose of sulphur in pot experiment through fertigation under sulphur deficient soil.

Plantar Psoriasis Treated with Individualised Homoeopathic Medicine – A Case Report

AbstractPsoriasis is a common non-infectious disease that is considered a chronic autoimmune condition. It is T-cell mediated and characterized by the rapid replacement of epidermal cells on the basal membrane level. Affecting approximately 2 to 3% of the population, around 3 to 4% of individuals with psoriasis experience palmoplantar psoriasis. This type of psoriasis can manifest at any age. Psoriasis, being a chronic skin disorder, impacts various aspects of an individual's social life. Homoeopathy has demonstrated positive outcomes in treating skin complaints. In this presentation, we discuss a diagnosed case of plantar psoriasis that was managed with individualized homoeopathic medicine. The patient exhibited itching eruptions on both soles, characterized by chronic local dryness, hardness, cracking, and roughness, without any other accompanying systemic complaints. This condition was treated using individualized homoeopathic medicine. The patient displayed significant improvement with the prescribed medicine, achieving full recovery within 6 months. The treatment comprised two doses of Sulphur 30 at a 1-month interval, followed by one dose of Sulphur 200 at a 4-month interval. Notably, there was no relapse for over 2 years, indicating that the benefits of the therapy persisted long after the treatment concluded. An assessment of possible causal attribution was conducted using the Modified Naranjo Criteria (Score-7 out of 13). Photographic documentation was conducted at the beginning and conclusion of the treatment. The negative impact of this chronic condition on the patients' quality of life was evaluated through the Dermatology Life Quality Index and was significantly ameliorated with homoeopathic treatment.

Effect of Sulphur and Vermicompost on Growth Parameters, Yield Attributes and Yield of Chickpea

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2022-2023 at Rajoula Agriculture farm, of Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.). The present experiment having 4 levels of sulphur and 3 levels of vermicompost of 9 treatment combination replicated thrice in factorial randomized block design. Chickpea variety GNG-1958 (Marudhar)” was grown with recommended agronomic practices. On the basis of the results emanated from present investigation, it could be concluded that application of graded dose of sulphur significantly increases growth parameters (plant height, number of branches and number of nodule plant-1), yield attributes (number of pod plant-1, number of seed plant-1 and seed index) and seed yield. All the growth and yield parameters were significantly higher S @ 25 kg ha-1 as compared to S @ 20 kg ha-1 and S @15 kg ha-1. Similarly different levels of vermicompost significantly increases growth parameters (plant height, number of branches and number of nodule plant-1), yield attributes (number of pod plant-1, number of seed plant-1 and seed index) and seed yield. However, it is clear from the information you've provided that the treatment with V @ 5 t ha-1 had a positive and statistically significant impact on the growth and yield parameters of the crop, and when combined with S @ 25 kg ha-1, it produced the best results among the treatments tested.

Effect of Different Doses of Sulfur on Growth and Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica campestris var. Lumle Tori)

Sulfur plays an important role in the growth and yield of rapeseed plants. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with seven levels of sulfur (60 kg/ha, 50 kg/ha, 40 kg/ha, 30 kg/ha, 20 kg/ha, 10 kg/ha, and 0 kg/ha in three replicates) to evaluate the effect of different doses of sulfur on the growth and yield of rapeseed (Brassica campestris var. Lumle Tori) in Khairahani, Chitwan. Plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, grain per pod, pod weight, fresh weight, dry weight, stover weight, harvest index, and grain yield were recorded. Significant differences were observed in plant height, yield-related traits, and grain yield. The results showed significant differences between the growth and yield-related traits of the different treatments. Plant height and number of branches increased with increasing sulfur dose, reaching a maximum of 60 kg/ha. The maximum number of pods per plant was observed at 20 kg/ha, and the maximum pod length and grain per pod were observed at 60 kg/ha. Grain yield and harvest index were maximum at 20 kg/ha. The results showed that the maximum grain yield could be obtained by applying 20 kg/ha of sulfur. These findings provide valuable guidance for optimizing agricultural practices to meet the increasing global demand for oilseeds.

Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Response to Different Forms of Sulfur Fertilizers

The aim of the study was to compare sulfate fertilizers and mixtures of elemental sulfur (S0) and sulfate in terms of yield and nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) status in perennial ryegrass. Mixtures of sulfate and S0 can reduce the consumption of sulfate alone. The plants were grown in soil cultures. The plants were supplemented with S0, K2SO4, MgSO4, and (NH4)SO4 or a mixture of these salts with So. Two sulfur doses were applied and the ryegrass was harvested three times. Fresh and dry weights of each swath, the N and S content, and their uptake were determined. The total fresh yield of sulfur-fertilized plants was 25 to 94% higher compared to unfertilized plants. The increases in dry matter were even more significant. Fertilizers, being a mixture of S0 and sulfate, showed the same efficiency as those containing sulfate alone. Sulfur fertilization resulted in a higher S content and its uptake, lowered N concentration in second and third swatch, and a decrease in total N uptake. In conclusion, to achieve high crop yields, soil sulfur deficiency should be corrected and fertilizers that are the mixture of elemental sulfur and sulfate are a beneficial and effective approach.

Influence of Sulphur and Molybdenum on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

The field experiment was carried out at Crop Research Farm (CRF) during the Zaid season (march to June – 2023). The Department of Agronomy at SHUATS in Prayagraj (UP) on soil with sandy loam in texture to find out the effect Sulphur and Molybdenum on Growth and Yield of Black gram. The treatments consist of three doses of Sulphur viz., 30 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1 and 50 kg ha-1 and Molybdenum 0.5 kg/ha, 1 kg/ha, foliar molybdenum 1500 ppm whose effect is observed on Black gram (var. Shekhar 2). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Ten treatments replicated thrice. The treatment with application of Sulphur - 50 kg/ha+ Foliar Molybdenum 1500 ppm recorded significantly higher plant height (53.77 cm), number of branches plant-1 (15.33) and plant dry weight (23.68 g), number of pods per plant (26.27), number of seeds per pod (9.53), test weight (30.52 g), seed yield (1.37 t ha-1) and Straw yield (2.95 t ha-1) compared to other treatment combinations.

Amino Acid Composition and Biological Value of Irrigated Potato Tubers on Chestnut Soil at Increasing Doses of Sulfur Fertilizers (with NPK)

Application of sulfur fertilizers at the doses of 15 and 30 kg/ha (with NPK) for irrigated potatoes on chestnut soils of Western Transbaikalia is the most effective for production of marketable tubers with the maximum value of bioenergy coefficient. With increasing the doses of sulfur, in spite of the insignificant increase of crude protein content, the amount of amino acids and the index of essential acids significantly increased in comparison with the control and the background. Replacement of limiting sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine + cystine) with leucine was noted. The highest biological value of potato protein at the level of 72–74% was found at the doses of 15 and 30 S kg/ha (with NPK).

Effect of Nitrogen (N) and Potassium (K) on Growth and Yield of Onion

The experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh in rabi season during December 2019 to March 2020 to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) on growth and yield and find out the optimum dose of N and K for maximum yield of onion. The experiment consists of 8 treatments as Control (no nitrogen+no potassium); Nitrogen @ 80 kg ha-1+Potassium@ 80 kg ha-1; Nitrogen @ 100 kg ha-1+Potassium @ 80 kg ha-1; Nitrogen @ 100 kg ha-1+Potassium @ 100 kg ha-1; Nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1+Potassium @ 100 kg ha-1; Nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1+Potassium@ 120 kg ha-1; Nitrogen @ 140 kg ha-1+Potassium @ 100 kg ha-1; Nitrogen @ 140 kg ha-1+Potassium @ 120 kg ha-1. Recommended dose of phosphorus, sulphur, zinc and boron were used in this experiment. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The tested variety was BARI Piaz-4. Data were collected on different yield attributes, growth and quality of onion and postharvest soil analysis. Results of the experiment revealed that N and K significantly (p<0.05) influenced plant height, leaves plant-1, leaf length, dry matter content of leaves, diameter of bulb, length of bulb, fresh weight of bulb plant-1, dry matter content of bulb plant-1, bulb yield, total nitrogen (%), available phosphorus (ppm), exchangeable potassium (meq 100 g-1). Results suggested that nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) application had significant positive effect on plant and soil.

Use of Bacteria to Recover Coagulant from Water Treatment Residue and Reuse for Turbidity Removal from Water

Aluminum is present in significant concentrations in water treatment residue (WTR), a waste product obtained during turbidity removal in drinking water treatment. This study aimed at exploring the potential for recovery of coagulant from WTR using Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans (ATF) and reusing the recovered coagulant (RC) for turbidity removal from water. The activity of ATF was measured by monitoring the pH and Al recovery (in %, AlR%). The effects of two factors (WTR and sulfur dose) on the activity of ATF were studied using central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The results indicated that the bacteria activity decreased with an increase in WTR dose. The results also revealed that the sulfur dose does not have a significant effect on the ultimate AlR%; however, it significantly reduced the time required for achieving AlR%. ANOVA analysis indicated that the obtained model and factors were significant. The maximum AlR% around 70.9% was obtained with 10 g/L of WTR dose and 8 g/L of sulfur dose. The RC was reused for the turbidity removal from lake water and synthetic turbid water (STW) and compared with the turbidity removal achieved with 1% (w/v) aluminum sulfate. The doses of RC to bring the turbidity <5 NTU in lake water and STW were found to be 0.75 and 1 mL/L respectively. To obtain similar turbidity level, the dose required with aluminum sulfate was 2.5 and 1.5 mL/L for lake water and STW, respectively. There was no significant change in the pH and sulfate and metal concentrations in the effluent treated with RC. The results obtained indicate that the RC is efficient in turbidity removal. The RC, therefore, has potential to reduce the demand for fresh alum for water treatment purposes and provide an alternative use of a waste material.

Pod and Seed Production Potential of Vegetable Pea (Pisum sativum L.) as Influenced by Different Levels of Sulphur and Boron in Calcareous Soil of North Bihar

Background: Vegetable pea is one of the relevant vegetable crops grown in the cool season all over the India. Sulphur deficiency is becoming more prevalent in Bihar due to the less use of boron and sulphur-containing fertilizer in calcareous soils and the consequent decrease in sulphur and boron nutrients. On the other hand, organic matter-rich manures, are utilized in very small quantities which is a source of a macro-and micronutrients, including sulphur and boron. As a consequence, soils have become deficient in sulphur and boron, which is detrimental to crop production. In the absence of these sulphur and boron in the soil, different legume crops such as vegetable pea suffer from reduced growth, yield and nodule formation. Methods: In this field investigation during 2020-2022, experiments were conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design using fifteen different combinations of Boron and Sulphur doses in Azad Pea-3 variety of vegetable pea in three replications and different pod and seed yield attributing traits were studied. Result: Among the different treatments, it has been inferred that treatment combination 40 kg S ha-1 + 2 kg B ha-1 exhibited superiority over rest of the treatment combinations with respect to pod and seed yield attributes of vegetable pea.

Response of Sulphur, Zn and FYM Application on Growth, Yield and Nutrient uptake of Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.)

Response of Sulphur, Zn and FYM Application on Growth, Yield and Nutrient uptake of Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.)

Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertility Practices: Influences on Hop Chemistry, Aroma, and Nitrate Accumulation

Multiphasic studies were conducted to quantify how sulfur fertilization influences nitrate levels in hops, and how nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer dose jointly affect hop yield, brewing chemistry, and aroma of hops and beer. In an observational study of commercial lots of Simcoe® hops, a weak positive correlation was found between sulfur and nitrate concentrations. In field studies with Simcoe® in Washington, factorial combinations of representative low and high rates of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer revealed that nitrate content of cones increased 13 to 22% with increasing nitrogen dose yet declined 8 to 8.7% with an increasing sulfur dose. Yield was unaffected by the lower dose of nitrogen when sulfur dose was high; effects on α-acids, total oil, and hop and beer aroma were not detected. Cysteine-3SH and cysteinylglycine-3SH were reduced 19% and 23%, in cones that received the higher sulfur dose in one year; other thiols and precursors were unaffected. In cultivar Willamette in Oregon, increasing sulfur dose over an 11-fold range by varying nitrogen fertilizer form from urea to ammonium sulfate had small to non-detectable effects on yield, α-acids, or nitrate concentrations. Hop aroma and brewing characteristics appear largely invariant to sulfur fertilization; increased sulfur fertilization may reduce hop nitrate levels modestly in certain situations.

Effects of acidifiers on soil greenhouse gas emissions in calcareous soils in a semi-arid area

In most agricultural fields, when soil pH is high, elemental sulfur or sulfuric acid are used to reduce soil pH and increase the availability of macro and micronutrients for optimum crop yield. However, how these inputs impact soil greenhouse gas emissions is unknown. This study aimed to measure the amount of greenhouse gas emissions and pH after the application of various doses of elemental sulfur (ES) and sulfuric acid (SA). Using static chambers, this study quantifies soil greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O, and CH4) for 12 months after the application of ES (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 kg ha−1) and SA (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha−1) to a calcareous soil (pH 8.1) in Zanjan, Iran. Also, in order to simulate rainfed and dryland farming which are common practices in this area, this study was conducted with and without sprinkler irrigation. Application of ES slowly decreased soil pH (more than half a unit) over the year whereas application of SA temporarily reduced the pH (less than a half unit) for a few weeks. CO2 and N2O emissions and CH4 uptake were maximum during summer and lowest in winter. Cumulative CO2 fluxes ranged from 1859.2 kg−1 CO2-C ha−1 year−1 in the control treatment to 2269.6 kg CO2-C ha−1 year−1 in the 1000 kg ha−1 ES treatment. Cumulative fluxes for N2O-N were 2.5 and 3.7 kg N2O-N ha−1 year−1 and cumulative CH4 uptakes were 0.2 and 2.3 kg CH4-C ha−1 year−1 in the same treatments. Irrigation significantly increased CO2 and N2O emissions and, depending on the amount of ES applied, decreased or increased CH4 uptake. SA application had a negligible effect on GHGs emissions in this experiment and only the highest amount of SA altered GHGs emissions.

Protein, Amino Acids and Yield of Lentil (Lens culneris L.) Expressed Differential Response to Incremental Doses of Sulphur and Boron in Rice Fallow Soil of Mirzapur

Background: Lentil is an important legume crop and plays an important role in human nutrition and soil fertility improvement. It contains 57-60% carbohydrate, 24-26% protein, 3.2% fiberand only 1.3% fat with the full complement of amino acids. It is a potential crop for about 10 million hectares of rice-fallow areas of eastern India. This study aimed to standardized Sulphur and Boron requirements of Lentil in Eastern India. Methods: The experiment was conducted in a glass house during 2018-19 and 2019-20 in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications and 16 treatment combinations of sulphur and boron. The treatment combinations were product of 4 levels each of sulphur and boron as 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg ha-1 (0, 0.067, 0.134 and 0.201 g pot-1) and 0, 1, 2 and 3 kg ha-1 (0, 0.004, 0.009 and 0.013 g pot-1), respectively. Lentil grain yield was observed at harvest and sulphur-containing amino acids, as well as seed nutrient content, were analyzed followingstandard operating procedures. Result: Lentil grain yield was enhanced by 1.85 times with a combined application of 45 kg S and 2 kg B ha-1 with a recommended dose of NPK. The sulphur-containing amino acids namely methionine, cystine and cysteine content showed significant improvement with increasing levels of sulphur application however were not significantly affected with boron levels. The protein content in lentil seed increased considerably with application of sulphur levels as compared to boron levels and it was highest with 30kg S ha-1 + 2kg B ha-1 along with recommended dose of NPK fertilizers.

Effect of Digestate Modified with Amendments on Soil Health and Plant Biomass under Varying Experimental Durations.

A digestate with amendments provides plants with available nutrients and improves the microbiological properties of treated soil. Modification of a digestate through the addition of a biochar and sulphur source is less well-known. This pot experiment aimed at comparing the short- and long-time fertilization effects of a digestate enriched with biochar, with elemental sulphur, or with a combination of both on soil health and plant biomass. The experiment was carried out with maize, cultivated twice (1st-12th week = pre-cultivation; re-sowing after shoot harvest, 13th-24th = main cultivation) in soil amended with prepared digestate. The digestate used in pre-cultivation was incubated untreated (D) and was then treated with biochar (D + B), with elemental sulphur at a low (LS) and high (HS) dose, or with a combination of both (D + B + LS and D + B + HS). An additional unamended digestate (D) was added to each soil variant before the main cultivation. The application of digestate with a high dose of elemental sulphur and biochar mediated the most significant differences in the soil. The increase (compared to the unamended soil) was of short-term type (+11% and +6% increased total nitrogen and carbon after 12 weeks), then of long-term type (+54% and +30% increased sulphur and arylsulfatase activity after 24 weeks), and later emerged in the 13th to the 24th week of the experiment (+57% and +32% non-inhibited urease, increased N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and phosphatase). No significant differences in the effect of the applied amendments on dry aboveground plant biomass were observed.

Economically optimum sulphur dose determination under middle Gujarat conditions for summer cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub) production

During the summer of 2020, on farm evaluation was carried out on the College Agronomy Farm of Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat. A significant effect of sulphur fertilizer was observed in raising crop yields of cluster bean. The ideal sulphur dose for maximizing yield and making a profit over fertilizer cost was obtained using a quadratic model of the connection between cluster bean seed yield and the sulphur dose applied. Using information from field trials conducted in 2020, the ideal sulphur dose in cluster bean cultivation under middle Gujarat conditions was determined. For cluster bean, the economically ideal sulphur dose was discovered to be 43.63 kg/ha under middle Gujarat conditions in 2020. When sulphur was over-fertilized for maximum production, the seed yield was nearly identical, even at the physical and economic optimum dose of sulphur, resulting in a 1.55 kg/ha reduction in sulphur use.