Dose Of Granisetron Research Articles

Role of Granisetron in Reducing Spinal Anesthesia Induced Hypotension during Cesarean Section

Abstract Background Spinal anesthesia is the preferred method for elective cesarean sections due to considerable risks regarding airway management associated with physiological changes of pregnancy. Although it has been considered as a safe technique, spinal anesthesia has many side effects, including hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, and vomiting. Factors influencing the level and the intensity of block include the injected drug, the level of injection, the needle type, the patient position, and patient characteristics, such as age, height, weight, pregnancy, and spinal anatomy. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different doses of granisetron, a 5-HT3 receptor inhibitors, on reducing the incidence of hypotension after subarachnoid block for cesarean section. Patients and Methods After obtaining approval from the Research Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, and written informed consent this study was conducted in the operating theatres of Ain Shams University Hospitals. Results In our study we compared the effect of different doses of granisetron in reducing the hypotension occurring as a result of spinal anesthesia in parturients undergoing elective LSCS. The result of the study showed that compared to placebo group, there was a reduction in the degree of hypotension in group who was pre-medicated with IV grainsetron, and this reduction was more with increasing the dose of granisetron. Conclusion IV granisetron can be used as a pre-medication to reduce spinal anesthesia induced hypotension in parturients undergoing elective lower section cesarean section.

Effect of Dexmedetomidine, Dexamethasone, and Ondansetron on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Children Undergoing Dental Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common unpleasant adverse effects after surgery. The incidence of PONV in pediatric patients is often twice as high as in adults. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone, and ondansetron for preventing PONV in children undergoing dental rehabilitation surgery. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Sharurah Armed Forces Hospital, Ministry of Defense Medical Services, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: One hundred patients (6-12 years old) scheduled for dental rehabilitation were included. Patients were randomly allocated into 4 groups (25 each) to receive either 0.15 mg/kg dexamethasone (DEX), 0.05 mg/kg ondansetron (OND), 0.3 microgram/kg dexmedetomidine (DEXMED), or normal saline (control[CONT]) in DEX, OND, DEXMED or CONT groups, respectively, via infusion after induction of anesthesia. The primary outcome was a PONV incident in the first 24 hours. Secondary outcomes were: granisetron doses during 24 hours postoperative, Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale, Pediatric Objective Pain Scale (POPS) for 4 hours postoperatively, and complications in the first 24 hours. RESULTS: The reduction of PONV and the overall number of patients who developed PONV was statistically significant in the DEXMED group compared to the CONT group (P = 0.041). However, the DEXMED group was higher compared to the DEX and OND groups but not statistically significant. Granisetron requirements and doses were statistically significantly lower in the DEXMED group than in the CONT group. PAED and POPS scores were much better in the DEXMED group than in the other groups with a statistically significant difference in most of the time measurements. LIMITATION: Optimal dexmedetomidine dose for better effect on PONV without affecting hemodynamic stability requires more studies. CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine is effective in reducing PONV in children undergoing dental rehabilitation with better sedative and analgesic scores as compared to the control group. KEY WORDS: Dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone, dental rehabilitation, ondansetron, postoperative nausea and vomiting

Intravenous Granisetron Combined with Dexamethasone in Cesarean Section Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia

BACKGROUND: Regional anesthesia, including spinal anesthesia, is the technique-of-choice over general anesthesia for cesarean section (C-section). Nausea, vomiting, and shivering are common after spinal anesthesia. Granisetron and dexamethasone are used as a premedication to prevent these reactions. AIM: This study determined the effect of different doses of granisetron combined with dexamethasone for the prevention of nausea, vomiting, and shivering. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This double-blind randomized clinical trial included patients undergoing C-section under spinal anesthesia at several hospitals in Makassar, Indonesia. Forty-five cases were divided into three equal-sized groups: G5, administered intravenous (IV) granisetron at 5 mcg/kg body weight (BW); G10, administered IV granisetron at 10 mcg/kgBW; and G25, administered IV granisetron at 25 mcg/kgBW. All patients also received IV dexamethasone at 0.1 mg/kgBW. RESULTS: In the G10 group, three cases experienced mild nausea, while, in the G5 and G25 groups, there were no incidences of nausea; this was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.043). Vomiting was not reported in any group. The G25 group had the lowest number of patients experiencing shivering (one case with a score of 3), but there were no significant differences in shivering incidence between groups (p = 0.164). CONCLUSION: Granisetron is effective in reducing nausea and shivering at certain dosage.

A comparative study between 1 and 3 mg of granisetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in strabismus ophthalmic surgeries during general anesthesia

Aims To compare the safety and efficacy of 1 and 3 mg of granisetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in strabismus surgeries under general anesthesia. Settings and design This single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at the ophthalmology operating theater of Kasr Al-Ainy Hospitals. Patients and methods We recruited 210 patients and allocated them randomly to receive either granisetron 1 mg (n=105) or 3 mg (n=105). The two groups were compared regarding demographic data, hemodynamic parameters, and percentage of patients with no complaints of PONV during the first 24 h. Results There was no statistically significant difference upon comparison of the two groups regarding PONV (P>0.05). The two doses (1 and 3 mg) provided total control of nausea and vomiting in 46.7 and 43.8% of patients during the first 24 h postoperatively, respectively. Moreover, we found no significant difference between the two groups regarding mean values of the heart rate or mean arterial pressure both preoperatively and intraoperatively (P>0.05). However, during the postoperative 24 h, both groups had significant differences regarding mean values of heart rate and mean arterial pressure at 2–4 h, 8–12 h, and 12–24 h postoperatively. Conclusions The comparison between two doses of granisetron (1 and 3 mg) showed no statistical difference regarding the total control of nausea and vomiting for 24 h postoperatively but showed a statistical difference regarding some postoperative vital sign readings.

Optimal dose of granisetron in reducing the incidence and severity of pruritus post intrathecal morphine for Caesarean deliveries

INTRODUCTION: Pruritus is one of the common side effects observed after intrathecal morphine (ITM) especially among parturients. Granisetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist has been shown to reduce this side effect. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective randomised double-blind control trial compared two different doses of granisetron for anti-pruritic efficacy. One hundred and twenty parturients with a singleton uncomplicated pregnancy undergoing Caesarean section received spinal anaesthesia with ITM 0.1 mg. After the delivery of baby, they were randomised to receive either granisetron 1 mg (Group 1) or 3 mg (Group 2). The severity of pruritus was assessed within 24 hours at different intervals and were graded. RESULTS: Patients demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The incidence for pruritus between Group 1 and 2 was 63.3% and 65.0% respectively with p value of 0.849 with a proportion of difference of 1.7%. Similarly, the severity of pruritus at different intervals, the need for rescue treatment and patient satisfaction for both groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Granisetron 1mg is effective when given as prophylaxis in reducing the incidence, severity and the need for rescue treatment in ITM-induced pruritus among Caesarean delivery patients.

Acid Suppression Therapy for the Empirical Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients

Objective: To investigate and compare the safety and efficacy of the empirical use of Histamine-2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) and Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), for the treatment of unspecified nausea and vomiting (NV) in hospitalized children.
 Methods: The retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh (KAMC-R) and included pediatric patients ≤14 years who received acid suppression therapy (AST), H2RAs or PPIs, for the treatment of unspecified NV between April 30, 2018, and April 30, 2019. The primary outcome was the complete resolution of NV within three days of AST. The secondary outcomes were the frequency of rescue medication use, the number of vomiting episodes since starting the AST, and the adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
 Results: Sixty-two patients were included in the study, 25 (40.3%) were in the H2RAs group and 37 (59.7%) in the PPIs group. The mean age was 3.69 ± 4.13 years, with the majority male (64.5%). Overall, 87% (n=54) of the sample had complete resolution of NV within 3 days of the AST therapy with no difference between the H2RAs and PPIs groups (p=0.344). The number of NV episodes from initiating the AST until the complete resolution was similar between the groups. In total, 14 patients (25.9%) required rescue therapy with granisetron, 6 (26.1%) in the H2RAs group compared to 8 (25.8%) in the PPIs group. There was no difference in the number of the required granisetron doses or the incidence of ADRs.
 Conclusion: Both PPIs and H2RAs were effective and safe for the treatment of unspecified NV in hospitalized pediatric patients. The selection of either agent should be based on other factors.
 Keywords: Pediatric; Nausea and vomiting; Proton pump inhibitor; Histamine-2-receptor antagonist; Granisetron.

The effect of 1-mg versus 3-mg granisetron on shivering and nausea in cesarean section: a randomized, controlled, triple-blind, clinical trial

IntroductionIntra- and postoperative nausea, vomiting and shivering are mentioned as the most common problem following spinal anesthesia. The aim of this study is to compare two different doses of granisetron to control the shivering, nausea, and vomiting caused by spinal anesthesia in women undergoing cesarean section (C/S). MethodThis study is a randomized, triple-blind clinical trial. The participants received 1-mg or 3-mg granisetron. Women who underwent elective C/S were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status grade I or II and age range of 18–40 years. Primary outcome was changes in the score of shivering, and nausea and vomiting. Secondary outcomes were Apgar score, mean arterial pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, temperature and heart rate. ResultsAccording to binary logistic regression, the incidence of shivering (6.9% vs. 1.5%; p-value = 0.049), and nausea and vomiting (19.2% vs. 9.2%; p-value = 0.024) was significantly higher in patients received 1-mg granisetron in comparison with 3-mg granisetron. Multinomial logistic regression showed that the occurrence of shivering, and nausea and vomiting were not associated with the dose of granisetron. There was no significant difference between the age and Apgar score of 1 (p = 0.908) and 5 (p = 0.843) minute(s) between the two groups. ConclusionThis study showed that although 3-mg of granisetron reduces the incidence of intra- and postoperative shivering, nausea and vomiting after spinal anesthesia in comparison with 1-mg of granisetron, the difference was not statistically significant.

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta-analysis.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To compare the efficacy and safety of different prophylactic pharmacological interventions (antiemetic drugs) either against no treatment, placebo or against each other (as mono- or combination prophylaxis) for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia. To explore the best dose or dose range of the antiemetic drugs in terms of efficacy and safety. To generate a clinically useful ranking of antiemetic drugs (mono- and combination prophylaxis) according to efficacy and safety.

Antidepressant effect of the interaction of fluoxetine with granisetron.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may produce digestive side effects such as nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea and decreased appetite. These side effects are determined by the increase in serotonin availability at 5-HT3 receptors. Granisetron, a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, is expected to antagonize the digestive adverse effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, but the question is to what extent granisetron influences the antidepressant effect of these substances. The aim of this study was to determine the dose of fluoxetine that has an antidepressant effect in the Porsolt test, and the interaction between fluoxetine and granisetron with respect to the antidepressant effect in this test. In experiment 1, fluoxetine was antidepressant only at 20 mg/kg body weight (bw). In experiment 2, granisetron 1 mg/kg bw had a statistically significant antidepressant effect vs. control. Fluoxetine 20 mg/kg bw associated with a small dose of granisetron (0.1 mg/kg bw) produced a significant antidepressant effect vs. control. This shows that low doses of granisetron associated to fluoxetine might produce a significant antidepressant effect, suggesting a potentiation between these two drugs used in sub-effective antidepressant doses. In conclusion, in our experimental conditions, we can assume that granisetron in low doses could be used to combat intestinal transit disorders produced by SSRI antidepressants. These low doses are preferred, because they increase the antidepressant effect of these SSRIs.

Effect of Different Doses of Granisetron on Preventing Postoperative Shivering in Patients undergoing Septorhinoplasty under General Anesthesia

Background: Postoperative shivering is a frequent complication in recovery room after general anesthesia and has been reported in 40-70% of patients undergoing surgery. Postoperative shivering might cause hypoxemia, increase in oxygen consumption, a linear increase in carbon dioxide production, lactic acidosis, and increased intraocular pressure and intracranial pressure. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different doses of granisetron on preventing postoperative shivering in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty under general anesthesia. Methods: 90 patients aged 18-60 years old with grades Ι or ΙΙ of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physicals classification were allocated to the study. The first group (G1) received Granisetron 1mg Intra Venous (IV) before anesthesia induction; the second group (G2) received 3mg Granisetron IV before anesthesia induction and the last group, the control group, received Normal Saline (NS). Three groups were matched regarding age, gender, weight and duration of surgery. Shivering grade and time of operation were recorded in the recovery room. Results: 90 patients scheduled for septorhinoplasty, including 54 men and 36 women, were enrolled to the study. The mean age of the patients was 28.53 ± 8.62 (18-60) years. The number of the patients suffering from shivering in the recovery room was significantly less in group G2 rather than control group (P=0.006) and also need to therapy was significantly less in this group (G2) compared with the control group (P=0.002). Conclusion: Prophylactic use of granisetron (3mg, IV) can be effective in preventing postoperative shivering following septorhinoplasty.

PWSC2-4 - Randomized Controlled Study Comparing Two Doses of Intravenous Granisetron Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the non-inferiority of 1 mg to 3 mg granisetron injection for the treatment of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to evaluate the tolerability of granisetron given at 1 mg in Japanese cancer patients.Methods: Patients with cancer receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy were enrolled in this single-blind randomized controlled study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive granisetron at a single dose of 1 mg or 3 mg. The primary endpoint was the rate of complete protection from emetic events(no vomiting, no retching, and no need for rescue medication)during the first 24 hours following the initiation of chemotherapy.Results: There were 89 patients in the 1-mg group and 90 patients in the 3-mg group. Complete protection was achieved in 70 patients(78.7%) in the 1-mg group and 73(81.1%) patients in the 3-mg group. The one-sided test did not reveal non-inferiority of either dose of granisetron to the other at a 5.0% significance level.Conclusion: Our data failed to show the non-inferiority of 1 mg to 3 mg of granisetron administered as a single dose. However, the rate of complete protection from nausea and vomiting was similar in the two groups. Given the recommended dosage in the guidelines and the economic need for reduction of medical care expenses in Japan, prophylactic administration of granisetron at 1 mg may be an appropriate treatment alternative for acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients.

Effective dose of granisetron for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Effective dose of granisetron for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED: Effective dose of granisetron in the reduction of nausea and vomiting after breast surgery

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED: Effective dose of granisetron in the reduction of nausea and vomiting after breast surgery

Retraction Note to: Optimal anti-emetic dose of granisetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting

Further to the Expression of Concern posted online on March 13th, 2012, it is with considerable regret that the Canadian Journal of Anesthesia hereby retracts the above-cited article by Dr. Yoshitaka Fujii as a result of:(1) overwhelming evidence of fabrication relating to the fact that the distributions of many variables reported by Dr. Fujii in these studies are exceedingly unlikely; and the inability of Dr. Fujii’s institution to attest to the integrity of the study and/or the data conducted under its auspices, as set out in the Joint Editors-in-Chief Request for Determination of April 9, 2012. We extend our sincere appreciation to Toride Kyodo General Hospital for their review of the status of Dr. Fujii’s research and to the investigating committee for their review of his research findings

Retraction Note to: Effective dose of granisetron for preventing postoperative emesis in children

Further to the Expression of Concern posted online on March 13th, 2012, it is with considerable regret that the Canadian Journal of Anesthesia hereby retracts the above-cited article by Dr. Yoshitaka Fujii as a result of:(1) overwhelming evidence of fabrication relating to the fact that the distributions of many variables reported by Dr. Fujii in these studies are exceedingly unlikely; and the inability of Dr. Fujii’s institution to attest to the integrity of the study and/or the data conducted under its auspices, as set out in the Joint Editors-in-Chief Request for Determination of April 9, 2012. We extend our sincere appreciation to Toride Kyodo General Hospital for their review of the status of Dr. Fujii’s research and to the investigating committee for their review of his research findings.

Cardiac effects of granisetron in a prospective crossover randomized dose comparison trial

Cardiac side effects of granisetron have been studied mostly in adult patients that are using cardiotoxic chemotherapeutics. There is limited evidence in pediatric age group and no information in pediatric oncology patients with non-cardiotoxic chemotherapeutics. In this prospective, crossover randomized study, the cardiac side effects of granisetron are compared in pediatric oncology patients who had carboplatin based chemotherapy. They were randomized to receive either 10 or 40 μg kg(-1) dose(-1) of granisetron before each cycle of chemotherapy. We drew blood for creatine phosphokinase (CPK), CPK-muscle band (MB) and Troponin-T before and 24 h after administering granisetron. Electrocardiography (ECG) tracings were taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 24 h of granisetron. Twenty-four hours Holter ECG monitorisation was performed after each granisetron infusion. A total of 16 patients (median 8.7 years of age) were treated with weekly consecutive courses of carboplatin. There was bradycardia (p = 0.000) in patients that had granisetron at 40 μg/kg and PR interval was shortened in patients that had granisetron at 10 μg/kg dose (p = 0.021). At both doses of granisetron, QTc interval and dispersion were found to be similar. CPK, CK-MB and Troponin-T values were found to be normal before and 24 h after granisetron infusion. As the first study that has studied cardiac side effects of granisetron in patients that are not using cardiotoxic chemotherapeutics, we conclude that granisetron at 40 μg kg(-1) dose(-1) causes bradycardia only. We have also demonstrated that granisetron does not cause any clinically cardiac side effects either at 10 or 40 μg kg(-1) dose(-1). However, our results should be supported by prospective randomized studies with larger samples of patient groups.

Evaluation of Adherence to Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Guidelines. An Observational Study

Objective: To describe the prescribing trends of antiemetics in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), assess adherence to American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines, and evaluate the effectiveness of prescribed antiemetics. Additionally, we also sought to explore barriers that hinder clinical practice guideline (CPG) implementation. Methods: One hundred fifty-five patients between the ages of 18 and 60 who were admitted to the haematology/oncology department/clinic to receive intravenous chemotherapy, either as in-patients or outpatients, were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Relevant patient demographic data, chemotherapy protocols and antiemetics were collected. Chemotherapies were classified according to their emetogenic potential. This information was used to assess whether the antiemetic prescribed matched the emetogenic risk of treatment. The analysis of outcomes was performed using the MASCC antiemetic assessment tool. Key Findings: The results showed that 95% of antiemetic prescription pre-chemotherapy regimens did not adhere to the guidelines. The findings were use of twice the recommended dose of granisetron (87.7%), overuse granisetron (16%) and metoclopramide (62.6%), and underuse dexamethasone (27%) and corticosteroid duplication (7.7%). With respect to post-chemotherapy antiemetic prescriptions, 91% of prescriptions were not adherent to guidelines, with overuse of granisetron (81.9%) and metoclpramide (34.2%) and underuse of dexamethasone (66.5%) being the most frequently reported trends. Conclusion: This study shows a lack of conformity to antiemetic guidelines, resulting mainly in overtreatment. Although vomiting was well-managed, nausea remains under controlled and requires additional medical attention. The lack of knowledge and motivation are considered barriers to CPG implementation.

Involvement of nitric oxide in granisetron improving effect on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice

Granisetron, a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, widely used as an antiemetic drug following chemotherapy, has been found to improve learning and memory. In this study, effects of granisetron on spatial recognition memory and fear memory and the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) have been determined in a Y-maze and passive avoidance test. Granisetron (3, 10mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was administered to scopolamine-induced memory-impaired mice prior to acquisition, consolidation and retrieval phases, either in the presence or in the absence of a non-specific NO synthase inhibitor, l-NAME (3, 10mg/kg, intraperitoneally); a specific inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, aminoguanidine (100mg/kg); and a NO precursor, l-arginine (750mg/kg). It is demonstrated that granisetron improved memory acquisition in a dose-dependent manner, but it was ineffective on consolidation and retrieval phases of memory. The beneficial effect of granisetron (10mg/kg) on memory acquisition was significantly reversed by l-NAME (10mg/kg) and aminoguanidine (100mg/kg); however, l-arginine (750mg/kg) did not potentiate the effect of sub-effective dose of granisetron (3mg/kg) in memory acquisition phase. It is concluded that nitric oxide is probably involved in improvement of memory acquisition by granisetron in both spatial recognition memory and fear memory.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled The Cognitive Neuroscience.

Comparative trial of two intravenous doses of granisetron (1 versus 3 mg) in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced acute emesis: a double-blind, randomized, non-inferiority trial

A single 3 mg or 40 μg/kg intravenous dose of granisetron combined with dexamethasone is routinely used in several countries, although the antiemetic guidelines have recommended granisetron at the dose of 1 mg or 10 μg/kg. A randomized, multicenter trial was conducted to determine the optimal intravenous granisetron dose, 1 or 3 mg, in cancer patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy. We enrolled 365 patients and randomly assigned them to receive intravenous granisetron 3 mg (3-mg group) or 1 mg (1-mg group), combined with dexamethasone at an adequate dose fixed as per the emetic risk category. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with a complete response during the first 24 h after chemotherapy. The study demonstrated that 1 mg of granisetron was not inferior in effect to 3 mg. For the primary end point, 359 patients were evaluable according to the modified intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Complete protection was achieved in the modified ITT population, 90.6% and 88.8% for the 3- and 1-mg groups, respectively (p < 0.01 for non-inferiority). This study showed that 1 mg granisetron is not inferior to 3 mg when both doses are combined with dexamethasone. Therefore, 1-mg dose of intravenous granisetron should be the recommended prophylactic regimen for the prevention of acute emesis.

The effects of 5HT 3 receptor antagonist granisetron on inflammatory parameters and angiogenesis in the air-pouch model of inflammation

Background The antagonists of 5HT 3 receptors have shown impressive efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis or fibromyalgia. The mechanistic relationships between 5HT 3 receptors, angiogenesis and sequence of cytokine expression, and leukocyte recruitment during inflammation are not clear. We evaluate the effects of granisetron on inflammatory parameters and angiogenesis in rat air-pouch model. Methods Male Wistar rats were anesthetized, and then 20 ml and 10 ml of sterile air were injected subcutaneously in the back on day 0 and day 3, respectively. On day 6, inflammation was induced by injection of 1 ml of carrageenan 1% into pouches. After 6 and 72 h, the rats were sacrificed; pouch fluid was collected in order to determine exudate volume, the number of accumulated cells and TNFα/PGE 2 concentration. Pouches were dissected out and weighed. Angiogenesis of granulomatous tissue was assayed using a hemoglobin kit. Results Leukocyte accumulation was dose-dependently inhibited by granisetron both at 6 and 72 h after induction of inflammation. All doses of granisetron decreased hemoglobin level in the whole granulation tissue in a bell-shaped manner. Vascular network formation was also inhibited by granisetron. Granisetron increased PGE 2 level at a lower dose (50 μg/pouch) but higher doses (100 and 200 μg/pouch) inhibited the release. At the same time, TNFα production was decreased by the lower dose and increased by higher doses of granisetron in a reciprocal fashion. Conclusions Anti-inflammatory activities of 5HT 3 receptor antagonist, granisetron probably are mediated through modulation of TNFα/PGE 2 production and leukocyte infiltration.