Dorm Room Research Articles

Heterogeneous peer effects of college roommates on academic performance

Understanding how student peers influence learning outcomes is crucial for effective education management in complex social systems. The complexities of peer selection and evolving peer relationships, however, pose challenges for identifying peer effects using static observational data. Here we use both null-model and regression approaches to examine peer effects using longitudinal data from 5,272 undergraduates, where roommate assignments are plausibly random upon enrollment and roommate relationships persist until graduation. Specifically, we construct a roommate null model by randomly shuffling students among dorm rooms and introduce an assimilation metric to quantify similarities in roommate academic performance. We find significantly larger assimilation in actual data than in the roommate null model, suggesting roommate peer effects, whereby roommates have more similar performance than expected by chance alone. Moreover, assimilation exhibits an overall increasing trend over time, suggesting that peer effects become stronger the longer roommates live together. Our regression analysis further reveals the moderating role of peer heterogeneity. In particular, when roommates perform similarly, the positive relationship between a student’s future performance and their roommates’ average prior performance is more pronounced, and their ordinal rank in the dorm room has an independent effect. Our findings contribute to understanding the role of college roommates in influencing student academic performance.

Academic procrastination of nursing students in higher vocational college: Application of latent profile analysis and network analysis

BackgroundAcademic procrastination is especially prevalent among nursing students in higher vocational colleges and it is considered an important factor of poor academic performance. However, existing research mainly focused on the overall level of academic procrastination, and little is known about the individual heterogeneity of academic procrastination among nursing students in higher vocational colleges. Thus, the aim of this study was to clarify the subgroups and factors of academic procrastination among nursing students in higher vocational college and explore academic procrastination networks of the latent subgroups. MethodsA cross-sectional study with online survey. 1369 nursing students in one higher vocational college were recruited using convenience sampling. Participants completed electronic questionnaires that collected demographic and academic characteristics, perceived stress, and academic procrastination. Latent profile analysis, multinomial logistic regression analysis, and network analysis were performed to analyze the data. ResultsThree latent profiles of academic procrastination were identified: low (32.4 %), medium (53.3 %), and high (14.3 %). Higher vocational college nursing students who have reset an exam, low professional identity, and perceived more stress are more likely to have higher academic procrastination than other profiles. Network analysis showed that academic procrastination networks structure of the three latent profiles had distinct central components. For the low academic procrastination group, AP11 (“I make study plans, but I often fail to stick to them”) and AP12 (“If there is no external pressure, I tend to postpone assignments or reports with deadlines”) were the core components. For the medium academic procrastination group, AP17 (“I always wait until I can't postpone my academic tasks any longer before starting them”) and AP16 (“I always tend to postpone on assignments or other academic tasks”) were the central components. For the high academic procrastination group, AP16 and AP7 (“When studying in my dorm room, I often stop to do other things”) were the essential components. ConclusionsThere is heterogeneity in higher vocational college nursing students' academic procrastination that can be classified into three latent profiles. The examined factors of academic procrastination and identified the central components of academic procrastination networks of the three latent profiles help nurse educators tailor targeted interventions.

Driving in Cars with Noise

Driving in Cars with Noise

Disclosures 6: Notifying parents about student suspensions, Part 2

Last month, we talked about Marilyn who was suspended from classes but never told her parents. When she and her parents showed up to move into her dorm room for the spring semester, the dorm counselor told her, in the presence of her parents, that she had been suspended. Not only was this a violation of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, as I pointed out, but it was an embarrassing situation for both the student and the parents.

Electricity saving behavior in student dorms: What message framing works?

Electricity consumption contributes largely to climate change. Inefficiently overused amounts of electricity can be reduced through low-cost feedback and nudges. We chose to frame different messages to alter the electricity usage behavior of students while residing in their dorm rooms at the Prince of Songkla University during the second semester of 2016. The messages used are descriptive and injunctive social norms information.The two-way fixed effects regression analysis indicates that reporting the dorm room's electricity usage and peer-comparison jointly with signs of social approval (injunctive social norms via emoticons) can effectively save electricity by 3.63%, with statistical significance at 0.1 level. We confirm that the “boomerang effect” occurs when reporting peer-comparison without injunctive social norms. No evidence proposes that students feel socially responsible for their electricity-induced CO2 emissions. Also, small-group peer-comparison cannot influence electricity conservation.Our results benefit universities in Thailand and our low-cost method is applicable to other tertiary education institutions in Southeast Asian economies that share similar social norms, especially on perceived wealth and the low interest in sustainability.

Application for dorm room service at the lembaga penjaminan mutu pendidikan (LPMP) office, West Papua Using codeigniter

The education house service (LPMP) west Papua Manpkwari (LPMP) manokwari is essentially a manual, such as the filling in of guest for housing registration in the LPMP manokwari dorm room. So it took a long time to do the process of checking out the empty rooms if any guests were to stay in the dorms. Thus the auther created an application for west Papua dorm room service using fremwork cedeigniter 3.0. From testing of the application using the black box method, it suggests that it is helpful to LPMP manokwari papua barat,especially the registration departemen in providing services to guests who have come to perform room registrasion.

Not Your Parents’ Dorm Room: Changes in Universities’ Residential Housing Privacy Levels and Impacts on Student Success

New student residence halls are being built to meet students’ demands and needs, creating complex living units that prioritize private spaces over social group spaces despite potential negative impacts on student success and well-being. This study examines all university residences located in a large urban center in Northern America, quantifying students’ different levels of privacy in living units classified by the Housing Unit Classification (HUC). Using the Hierarchy of Isolation and Privacy in Architecture Tool (HIPAT), this study measures the level of privacy in residence units typologies and analyzes the possible effects on the experiences of students, crowding and isolation, academic performance detriment, or success in various residence units. Increased private space in units is typically in apartments or suites. Increases in privacy levels of residences’ living units reflect possible lowering of students’ socialization in the built space, with probable negative consequences on grade point average (GPA), program completion, feelings of isolation, and overall well-being.

Dilla Time

<i>Dilla Time</i>

SARS-CoV-2 RNA Is Readily Detectable at Least 8 Months after Shedding in an Isolation Facility.

Environmental monitoring of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for research and public health purposes has grown exponentially throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Monitoring wastewater for SARS-CoV-2 provides early warning signals of virus spread and information on trends in infections at a community scale. Indoor environmental monitoring (e.g., swabbing of surfaces and air filters) to identify potential outbreaks is less common, and the evidence for its utility is mixed. A significant challenge with surface and air filter monitoring in this context is the concern of "relic RNA," noninfectious RNA found in the environment that is not from recently deposited virus. Here, we report detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on surfaces in an isolation unit (a university dorm room) for up to 8 months after a COVID-19-positive individual vacated the space. Comparison of sequencing results from the same location over two time points indicated the presence of the entire viral genome, and sequence similarity confirmed a single source of the virus. Our findings highlight the need to develop approaches that account for relic RNA in environmental monitoring. IMPORTANCE Environmental monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly becoming a key tool in infectious disease research and public health surveillance. Such monitoring offers a complementary and sometimes novel perspective on population-level incidence dynamics relative to that of clinical studies by potentially allowing earlier, broader, more affordable, less biased, and less invasive identification. Environmental monitoring can assist public health officials and others when deploying resources to areas of need and provides information on changes in the pandemic over time. Environmental surveillance of the genetic material of infectious agents (RNA and DNA) in wastewater became widely applied during the COVID-19 pandemic. There has been less research on other types of environmental samples, such as surfaces, which could be used to indicate that someone in a particular space was shedding virus. One challenge with surface surveillance is that the noninfectious genetic material from a pathogen (e.g., RNA from SARS-CoV-2) may be detected in the environment long after an infected individual has left the space. This study aimed to determine how long SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be detected in a room after a COVID-positive person had been housed there.

Writing with Purpose: Invention, Rage, and Freedom

Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth defines the work that I do as a rhetorician. I remember sitting in my college dorm room, vibrating as I read it for the first time. Are you allowed to write like this? I’d never encountered writing quite like it: poetic, urgent, direct. By then, I’d absorbed the idea that sophisticated writing—writing that tries to convey this thing that’s always called nuance—doesn’t name or assail power directly but talks around it. In contrast, the first few pages of this book announce that this writer intends for his work to do something in the world: “Decolonization, which sets out to change the order of the world, is clearly an agenda for total disorder” (1). My continued engagement with this and with other work by Fanon (most especially Black Skin, White Masks) has impressed upon me how much his writing is concerned with the problem of invention. How do we make new selves in the wake of the injury that is colonialism? I labor over this question as I write about how in the early years of independence in Zimbabwe, state actors and citizens alike struggled to remake not only notions of the racialized and gendered self, but ways of moving and being in public spaces.Jane Caputi’s The Age of Sex Crime, another book I first read as an undergraduate student, was one of the first texts to model for me what cultural critics do—how they read across genres and media, taking interest in things like cultural ephemera—to tell a compelling story about how power operates. It argues that the serial murders of women animate Western culture, functioning as a “mythic/ritualistic act in contemporary patriarchy” (3). Caputi’s text is equal parts feminist polemic and academic study, written with a gripping anger and clarity. This text taught me that as feminist critics, we can make our object anything we encounter that provokes us, pushes back against us, and makes us see clearly the waters in which we are immersed.I feel like I become a different person after I read a Toni Morrison novel. I first read Morrison’s Paradise just before I began fieldwork for my dissertation, feeling a little depleted and anxious. I was emboldened and transformed by this book. Paradise is a novel about an Oklahoma town named Ruby, a Black utopia whose racial, gender, and moral boundaries are policed by a group of patriarchs. The women who have been cast out of this utopia find refuge in a place on the edge of town called the Convent. The Convent is a site of nurturing, healing, and magic, as the women mobilize the material and metaphysical to protect each other. It doesn’t give the ending away to tell you that these powerful and therefore terrifying women are disciplined in a spectacularly violent fashion—the book begins and ends with the witch hunt meant to silence them once and for all. Morrison chafed at the suggestion that she had written a feminist book, countering that she wasn’t in the business of writing what she derisively called “‘ist’ novels.” It’s the writer’s prerogative to insist that art ought not be subsumed by ideology, but with all respect to Morrison, this is an unmistakably feminist novel. It attends to the power—and danger—of women’s spaces and intimacies. In my own work, I return to the tantalizing promise of Black women’s congregation, to the possibilities held in Black women’s collective attempts at escape and freedom.

Tethers: A Traveler's Ode to Book Swaps, Big and Small

TethersA Traveler's Ode to Book Swaps, Big and Small SarahBelle Selig (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution A frequent traveler currently winding her way through Central America celebrates the free book swaps along the way, and all the hope and longing nestled amongst their shelves. I'll speak of cathedrals. Of sandwiches and cobblestone, of midnights spent in hot springs and the red sands of the Namib slipping through my fingers. When I return home at last, I will remember most strongly the moments of discovery, of catharsis, of flavor, and share them too often with exasperated loved ones. I will not speak of the books that I read along the way, though they filled the crevices of my days. And least of which will I speak of the bookshelves I found them on, the dusty book swaps in hostel common areas and corner cafés that I frequented, though they too were moments of discovery and catharsis. I will forget them, in time, as they quietly fade to make space for more cathedrals, more natural wonders. But these shelves do not mind the forgetting. Give, take: that is all they ask. [End Page 34] For the perennial traveler, a book swap is more than a minute of respite from the babel outdoors, a freebie when the last of one's coins have been spent on a museum ticket, a street snack, shampoo. A book swap is a new town without a map; a treasure hunt for the sword-shy. If I have the afternoon to linger, a book swap is window shopping the streets of Oaxaca, or selecting the perfect flavor of gelato on a hot day. If I've a bus to catch, or a hangover nestled between my brows, it is frustrating and terribly high-stakes: a fillet knife sliding down the delicate spine of a mackerel. On these shelves, there is no pecking order. Here gathers a ménage of authors who would, in your typical bookstore, live on opposite walls, split by genre and popularity, by surname and sales price. Much like the way I share this cramped dorm room with travelers from South Korea, Argentina, Australia, Trinidad and Tobago; that most private space, shared for one night with people of different languages and histories who would otherwise live a world apart, a single point of contact before we scatter across continents. I imagine the evenings, if these authors whisper to one another like we do, two strange soirées swapping gossip in the dark. Far from the hands of booksellers and publicists, a book swap is a step back in time, before best-seller lists and starred reviews, before book banners flashing bright in our webpage margins. It does not matter who designed the cover or endorsed it on Twitter or how many awards it won. For those of us mad enough to be authors by trade, this is an encouraging thought. It is the book business distilled to its purest form: a writer writes a story, a reader reads it. It is a chance for us—not for sales, nor recognition; the units on our P&Ls will not change—but to finally realize that old dream, to be on the other side of that blessed communion when a young reader finds herself in an author's words and for a moment stops feeling so scared. A book swap is a balm for loneliness. It is here at this altar that two dozen hands from two dozen countries have all left an offering. Because that is what it is, to leave a book for another to find: an offering of oneself, a small fraction of one's hope and longing left like breadcrumbs in the dirt. And when I place my book just so, with a secret kiss to its cover—in that perfect vacancy that book swaps always seem to have, as if they are waiting for just this book to arrive—I imagine the person who will find it, and we are tethered, that reader and I, though we will never know the sound of each other's laughter. We are tethered to each other and to...

The Online Education in the Higher Education, a Complete System Rather Than Just a Platform

The online education in the higher education is a complete system rather than just a platform. The participants for this research study included twenty enrollees in distance learning programs. The respondents got online instruction from two distinct higher education institutions (the University of Florida and the Florida State University). The qualitative research design chosen for this study was conducted through observations, and interviews. To begin the study, each respondent had a formal structured interview recorded and transcribed. The interviews with each respondent lasted around 60 minutes on average. Depending on the respondents' preferences, interviews were done at a convenient location, such as their workplace, the university library, or dorm room. Interviews with each participant were performed in an unstructured manner. The following were among the favorable experiences: ease of connection, availability of technical help, self-paced learning, convenience, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability of the program. The difficulties included: a feeling of isolation, self-motivation, and self-regulation, inability to get help from the teacher, and a delay in seeking feedback. The following factors contributed to participants' positive interactions: accessibility to the internet and technology, a well-designed instructional format, easily accessible technical help from the institution, immediate grade filings following assessments, and a flexible learning participative timetable. Untimely or ineffective communication from the educator was among the variables that contributed to participants' unfavorable experiences. Other factors were boring educational approaches, a lack of technical assistance, a lack of interpersonal connection, and an inadequately-designed course interface.

Cormac McCarthy: A Complexity Theory of Literature

Cormac McCarthy: A Complexity Theory of Literature

Autumntide of the Middle Ages

Autumntide of the Middle Ages Jean McGarry (bio) Autumntide of the Middle Ages, by Johan Huizinga, edited by Anton van der Lem and Graeme Small, and translated by Diane Webb (Leiden University Press, 2020), 592 pp. Reading the newly translated Waning of the Middle Ages hit me like sudden death—not so much the dying part, as the instant review of a long life. Reabsorbing the antic contents of Huizinga’ s history (now entitled Autumntide) sparked a version of the search-and-recover expedition harkened by the sled called Rosebud, and the French cookie, Madeleine. The Dutchman’s freewheeling account of 14th and 15th-century France and the Low Countries, now richly seeded with full-color illuminations, rang bell after bell, until I realized that it was the key to almost every chapter of my own life. How could that be? It began nearly half a century ago, upon the purchase of The Waning of the Middle Ages, a yellow paperback, picked up probably at the Harvard Coop, in an effort to ground my senior project deciphering The Garden of Earthly Delights, Hieronymus Bosch’s infamous painting, whose fever-dream agonies and ecstasies papered many a dormitory wall. I was then a student in Social Relations, a department now deleted from the catalogue, but I was already halfway out the door, tiring of the likes of the turgid Talcott Parsons, the wild Thomas Szasz, and the witty David Reisman, and the possibility of edging toward greener pastures opened up in a single course, Fine Arts 13, Harvard’s year-long survey of art. And I had the brass—or maybe just the foolishness—to think that I could master the swarming history of the 14th and 15th centuries in a few months: and, in those countries whose borders were fluid, culture and politics devilishly complex, and where I had none of the historical background, and only one of the languages. If that weren’t brazen enough for a 21-year-old dilettante, then I’d add to the task a sweeping socio-psychological diagnosis of the artist and his times. And for the cherry on top, my first chapter was rendered in dramatic form, setting some of the characters: Philip the Bold, Philip the Good, Philip the Fair, along with Mary of Flanders, Mary of Burgundy, Mary of York—not to mention Charles the Bold and John the Fearless—as actors [End Page 127] in a talk fest, imagined and staged by me. When—truth be told—I could hardly keep them straight and separate from each other. Do I need to say that—in the eyes of my three or four faculty examiners—my opus fell sublimely flat? These were the days when Freud was no longer on the collegiate menu, so I hadn’t taken a single course, nor read a word. The first question at my thesis defense was what the father of psychoanalysis would have thought of HB. I floundered and fumbled, sitting before my inquisitors in the penthouse of William James Hall. How could I possibly know what Freud would have thought? Shame haunted me for years after this fiasco. I remember lying on the floor of my attic dorm room, wondering how I could go on living, let alone deposit the wreckage of this thesis in the library, a requirement for the degree. But, to my delight and astonishment, I have discovered—only half a century later—that Huizinga shares the blame for the collegiate debacle. He started it, with an account too brilliant, too confusing, too distracting, spiced with quotes from nutty clerics, poets, inquisitors, saints, and martyrs. He himself was burdened with too much reading—and too much imagination—to mount a clear structure for his opus. And now I know. I’m not saying his masterpiece reads like my thesis, but that its swarming, spinning, recycling, and all-too-expressionistic methods gave me license to forgo logic, coherence, factual reliability, you name it. I felt invited to do my thing, and sure enough, during my trial, one of the triune judges, who settled on my grade of “no distinction,” quipped that, perhaps, I was better off becoming a novelist. Although...

Designing a Remote, Synchronous, Hands-On General Chemistry Lab Course

The development of a remote, synchronous general chemistry lab course, which was offered to 800 students in the fall semester of 2020, is described. The course was designed with similar curricular goals as our in-person lab course and featured chemistry kits developed by a team of faculty, staff, and graduate TAs. The kits, which were distributed via a rental program through the university bookstore, provided students the opportunity to conduct hands-on experiments at home or in their dorm room. To create the remote lab course, the team negotiated logistical and curricular issues such as finding alternatives to costly precision glassware and instrumentation, adding strategies for engaging students online, decreasing chemical hazards of experiments, and encouraging a safety culture for students working remotely. A professional development graduate course for TA instructors, associated with the general chemistry lab program, was also enhanced by including topics that were relevant for understanding remote learning environments. In redesigning the lab course for remote delivery, we developed new experiments (e.g., calibration), introduced new engagement strategies (e.g., badging), revised several experiments (e.g., heats of reaction), included an Arduino-based spectrometer (e.g., visible spectroscopy and pulse oximetry), and provided new student supports (e.g., TAs on-call). Survey data was gathered to assess student evaluation of the hands-on activities, the presence of synchronous TA help, the badging experience, the value of the lab course, and challenges faced in taking the lab course during a pandemic.

Young and socialist at Moscow State University: Dissident subjectivities in the last Soviet generation

This article explores the everyday experiences of a group of students from Moscow State University’s history department who formed a dissident circle the year after their graduation. Later known as the Young Socialists following international reporting on their arrests in 1982, these future dissidents formed close bonds of friendship while living together in a dorm room. Informed by oral history, this study examines these young intellectuals as a window onto the sources for politically engaged subjectivities in the 1970s. It explores the impact of historical studies and Komsomol-led student culture while emphasizing the influence of Latin America as a field of study and source of political engagement, which fueled anti-capitalist discourses countering those of the imaginary West. This article introduces a new perspective on the last Soviet generation that shifts focus onto its committed socialists and dissidents.

Animated Personalities: Cartoon Characters and Stardom in American Theatrical Shorts

Animated Personalities: Cartoon Characters and Stardom in American Theatrical Shorts

When We Come To It

SummaryPasang awakes on April 25, 2015, in her New England college dorm room to news of a major earthquake in Nepal, where she and her family are from. She returns to Nepal that summer for a visit. In the wake of Earth's massive movements, Pasang navigates her family's ties to Mustang, Nepal, and makes a journey that at once troubles and affirms her sense of place and home.

The Class of the Not-Too-Distant Future

In the future current educators and those contemplating teaching in higher education to plan learning environments that incorporate pedagogical components encompassing information, student performance, and novel situations at increasing rates. Such components may include student-to-student partnershipbased engagement as well as hands-on experiences outside the classroom with students from their own and other disciplines, or with professionals in the practice, to motivate a well-rounded exchange of knowledge. Interacting with a variety of others in and outside of the academe fosters concept reinforcement that results in learning. While cognitively and actively engaged in the conceptual details, the learners are focused, leading to a comprehensive approach to learning and thinking critically. Traditional approaches to teaching may give way to new, adaptive learning environments both in and outside the classroom; in a dorm room; or in a practicing professional’s place of work.

Ivana DobrakovováBellevue

Sonallah Ibrahim Ice Trans. Margaret Litvin. London. Seagull Books. 2019. 303 pages. IN 2016 I CHATTED with Sonallah Ibrahim about his then-new novel, Berlin 69. I asked him: “Did your experience in East Germany and Russia (1969–74) give you a useful perspective on Nasser’s version of socialism?” He replied: “The dream was fantastic, but it remains a dream.” His new novel, Ice, translated by Margaret Litvin, takes a scalpel to the “fantastic dream” of communism through the eagle eyes of a wry Egyptian narrator who has come to study in Russia. The novel echoes some of the themes of Berlin 69: coping with paranoia and the fear of intelligence services, nostalgia for Egypt, transient relationships with foreign women, the hunt for scarce commodities, and a corrupt party elite. Unlike Berlin 69, however, the structure of Ice mimics a diary—and depends on the writer’s telegraphic but carefully honed style, which gives the reader a sense of the chilling, grim texture of daily life in Soviet Russia in the 1970s. Ibrahim lived in Moscow during a crucial period in Egypt’s history , following the 1967 defeat and Egypt’s 1973 victory over Israel. Ice is an episodic novel rather than a plot-driven one, which quietly circles around the “fantastic dream” until it has been picked clean, like a carcass. The “dream” begins to curdle soon after the narrator’s arrival to the obshchezhitie, the student dorm. The officials in charge of the dorm want to place a Russian in with the foreigners so they can report on their activities . An inordinate number of foreigners are crammed in the same dorm room. The Egyptian narrator, presumably a younger version of Ibrahim, is awed by his roommate , Hans, a handsome East German and a Don Juan who attracts women and men. A constant parade of friends and acquaintances marches through the small room, along with plenty of uninhibited foreign and Russian girls, who are generous with their bodies. The reserved narrator tires of the bacchanalia and yearns for solitude and time to write, read, listen to classical music, or work his way through the Arabic newspapers about the disturbing news from Egypt. Desperate for a little privacy, he moves out of the broom closet to an even tinier abode with a cranky old Russian lady—only to jump from the frying pan into the fire. The landlady is nosy, lonely, and demanding and comments on his love life. Shortages of goods and commodities in a state-controlled economy lead to other absurd situations and behavior. When he is getting medical treatment, the doctor clearly states that he needs a new tire for his car. On SONALLAH IBRAHIM Books in Review for giving her a shiner. For her part, Serena equates the puppy with her abuser and instinctively unleashes her fury at her canine companion, perpetuating the cycle of violence and reconciliation: When he [Niko] picked Trouble out of the litter, I thought he’d stay that same size forever, the size of an organ, sticky-soft and warm. We took Trouble home. He trembled, then ripped up the sectional Niko had bought without insurance. “Cut it out, you fucking monster!” I screamed. In my spot, in the closet of the guest room, he fell asleep in my arms, where he had puppy dreams. His paws moved like levers in a field where he was free and unleashed. By tracing these interiorities, Driving in Cars with Homeless Men invites readers to face the underbelly of human nature, our precariousness, and intermittent despair with determination, grit, and hard-won humor. Kathleen A. Kelly Austin, Texas Ivana Dobrakovová Bellevue Trans. Julia & Peter Sherwood. London. Jantar. 2019. 219 pages. IN BELLEVUE, Ivana Dobrakovová, winner of the European Prize for Literature, pulls no punches for her readers or her protagonist, nineteen-year-old Slovak student Blanka, a volunteer at an international summer camp providing care for people with mental and physical disabilities. At the center in Marseille that gives the book its title, Blanka experiences disgust at the residents’ deformed limbs and uncontrolled bodily functions—as well as disgust at her own disgust. Faced with Laurence, a woman her own age with particularly severe...