Doped Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles Research Articles

Boosting highly effective photocatalytic activity through g-C3N4 coupled Al doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles: Maximizing dye degradation kinetics

Photocatalysts have gotten much attention because of the growing need to protect the environment, and metal-doped zinc ferrite heterojunctions are an exciting system to look into. The current study involves synthesizing aluminum-doped zinc ferrite (Al@ZF) nanoparticles (NPs) and nanocomposites of Al@ZF with S@g-C3N4 via a hydrothermal method and then evaluating their photocatalytic activity. Al@ZF NPs were prepared by varying the percentage of aluminum (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 wt %). Photocatalytic measurements were carried out employing methylene blue (MB) as the model dye. The Al@ZF NPs with 1 % concentration showed the best photocatalytic capability among all of them. Correspondingly, the S@g-C3N4/Al@ZF nanocomposites (NCs) were made by varying the percentage of S@g-C3N4 (10, 30, 50 and 70 wt %) with the 1 % Al@ZF NPs. Then, photocatalytic working measurements of the S@g-C3N4/Al@ZF NCs proved that the 50 % S@g-C3N4/Al@ZF NC showed the highest photocatalytic activity and completely degraded MB within 150 min of light irradiation. To verify the morphological structure of these artificial nanoparticles and nanocomposites, several analytical techniques including XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, FTIR, and XPS were used. The produced photocatalyst's quick degradation kinetics and simplicity in separation may provide new opportunities for the oxidation of persistent organic pollutants. To our best knowledge, no prior report has been made on the synthesized nanocomposite. The proposed modification of Al@ZF using 50 % S@g-C3N4 is effective, less expensive, non-toxic, and highly efficient for scalable wastewater treatment applications.

Synthesis, characterization and application of rare earth (Lu3+) doped zinc ferrites in carbon monoxide gas sensing and supercapacitors

The novel rare earth (Lu) doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles, synthesized via a solution combustion approach, exhibit exceptional sensitivity to carbon monoxide (C.O.), a capability studied for the first time. The successful detection of C.O. by these nanoparticles underscores their potential as efficient gas sensors. Structural and morphological characterization confirmed the creation of single-phase zinc ferrite nanoparticles, utilizing various standard and advanced modern probes.To assess the gas sensing capabilities, the nanoparticles were exposed to carbon monoxide gas, revealing an outstanding gas response of 80 % at 300 °C, with a response against 20,000 parts per million by volume (PPMv) of carbon monoxide. These results indicate the promising applicability of Lu-doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles in C.O. gas sensing applications.Furthermore, the supercapacitance performance of the synthesized nanoparticles was investigated. Electrodes fabricated from Lu-doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Lu 0, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) were examined in a 3 M K.O.H. electrolyte using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (E.I.S.). The electrochemical properties of all nanoparticles exhibited good Faradaic behaviour, with the Lu 0.7 electrode achieving a high specific capacitance of 280 F/g at a current density of 0.25 A/g. This highlights the prominent electrochemical stability and potential applications of Lu-doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles in energy storage devices.Overall, the comprehensive investigation of the gas sensing and super capacitance performance of Lu-doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles demonstrates their versatility and potential for various technological applications, including gas sensing and energy storage. These findings pave the way for further research and development in utilizing rare earth-doped ferrite nanoparticles for advanced functional materials.

In vitro antiproliferative and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in human lung carcinoma cells by Ag doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles

In the current study, ZnFe2O4 (ZFO) and Ag0.05Zn0.95Fe2O4 (ZSFO) nanoparticles were synthesised to provide powerful anticancer nanomedicines. The characteristics of as-prepared ZFO and ZSFO NPs were examined using the XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, and UV/Vis analyses. The RT-qPCR research showed that the amount of mRNA expression of proteins like p53, p21, and caspase-3 was up-regulated after A549 cells were exposed to Ag0.05Zn0.95Fe2O4 NPs. When ROS was tested, the results revealed the production of free radicals, which were then offset by decreased SOD and catalase activity. The findings showed that Ag0.05Zn0.95Fe2O4 NPs not only suppressed the growth of A549 cancer cells by inducing apoptosis but also more effectively controlled the migration of cancer cells. With an LC50 value of 7.17 µg/ml, which is lower than that of conventional 5-FU (13.73 µg/ml), and Ag0.05Zn0.95Fe2O4 treated with normal cells (L929 fibroblast), the LC50 value was determined to be 172.9 µg/mL after exposure to Ag0.05Zn0.95Fe2O4 NPs for 24 h.

Synthesis and characterization of Ni2+ and Al3+ doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles for antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer (MCF-7) analysis

In the present study ZnFe2O4 (ZFO), AlxZn1-xFe2O4 (ZAFO), and NixZn1-xFe2O4 (ZNFO) at (x = 0.05,0.08) NPs were synthesized to develop nanomedicines with potent anticancer, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The results showed that synthesized NPs have better antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli. In the cell line of L929 fibroblasts analysis, the LC50 value of ZAFO (0.05) and ZNFO (0.05) NPs in normal cells was almost greater than 3 times and 4 times higher than that in MCF-7 cell lines respectively. Exposure to ZAFO NPs for 24 h decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with an LC50 value found to be 18.32 µg/ml. The results found that ZAFO (0.05) treatment induces significant production of ROS and the fluorescence intensity values of control and ZAFO (0.05) were 470.78 and 9938.58 respectively. In DPPH radical scavenging assay for ZFO, the IC50 value was 23.87 µg/ml, which is less than standard Ascorbic Acid (38.4205 µg/ml).

Raman spectroscopy in pure and doped zinc ferrites nanoparticles

Raman spectroscopy was applied on nanostructured ZnFe2O4 system in order to correlate its structural, chemical, and vibrational properties to the functional behaviour, in view of the high sensitivity of the Raman probe to the cationic order in iron oxides. In particular we investigated pure and Ga/Mg doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles synthesised by co-precipitation route by means of Raman spectroscopy with a particular focus on the correlation between their structural and magnetic properties. We firstly studied the homogeneity of the samples at the micrometer scale and their stability under laser irradiation disregarding the presence of spurious iron oxides in favour of a highly defective external shell of the nanoparticles. This hypothesis was corroborated by varying the incident laser wavelength therefore changing the investigated volume. Furthermore, we estimated the inversion degree of the spinel structure finding good agreements with the trend of the magnetic features. All the evidence found through Raman spectroscopy are supported by the results obtained with X-Ray Powder Diffraction, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and SQUID magnetometry.

High-frequency dielectric response of 3d metal (Mn and Cu) doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles for microwave applications

High-frequency dielectric response of 3d metal (Mn and Cu) doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles for microwave applications

Synthesis, Structural and Antibacterial Activity of Zn1-xNixFe2O4 Nanoparticles

In present work, nickel doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles were prepared via hydrothermal technique. The prepared nanopowders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and antimicrobial activity. The XRD analysis revealed that the presence of sharp diffraction peaks and cubic-structure of the prepared samples. SEM analysis revealed that there is a significant degree of agglomeration in the samples, whereas VSM studies revealed the magnetic behaviour and cation distribution in the prepared samples. The prepared nanopowder has also been evaluated for its antimicrobial properties against Gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacter aerogenes) and Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis). An increasing in the ratio of nickel to zinc in ferrite nanoparticles led to an evident rise in their activity. These nanoparticles with enhanced structure and antimicrobial properties could find applications in hygiene, therapeutic and textile fields.

Hydrothermally Synthesized Magnesium doped Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles: An extensive study on structural, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties

Magnesium-doped Zinc ferrite (MgxZn1-xFe2O4) nanoparticles with an average size of 10.1-5.89 nm were prepared by low-temperature hydrothermal method using NaBH4 as the reducing agent. The structural, microstructural, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties of these nanoparticles were extensively studied. Rietveld refinement profile confirmed the formation of mixed spinel structures with cubic lattices (space group Fd3m). A complete microstructural study revealed the polycrystallinity nature of the powder along with the formation of nano-sized particles. The Raman spectral analysis showed broadening, merging, and shifting of Raman peaks with an increase in dopant concentration. The X-ray photoelectron studies exhibited the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions corroborating the results obtained from Rietveld analysis. The optical studies elucidate a reasonably high absorbance in the UV region with a bandgap of 2.05-1.92 eV, which showed a minimum value of 1.92 eV for 50% of Mg doping. These nano-sized ferrite particles were observed to be superparamagnetic due to their small size and gradually developed to a ferromagnetic state, but with a low value of magnetization, coercivity, and remanent magnetization. These nano ferrites exhibiting high dielectric constant, high impedance, and significantly low loss may have potential applications in communication devices.

Physical Characterization, Magnetic Properties, and Interaction between Cation Distributions of Cadmium Doped Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles

Physical Characterization, Magnetic Properties, and Interaction between Cation Distributions of Cadmium Doped Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles

Bismuth modified zinc ferrites for low-temperature ceramic co-firing technology

The present article is proposed to study the structural properties of bismuth-doped zinc ferrite (BixZnFe2-xO4) nanoparticles. The bismuth concentration x varies as 0.03, 0.06, 0.09 and 0.12. Bismuth doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles are synthesized by the hydrothermal method followed by microwave sintering at a relatively low temperature of 800 °C for 30 min. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data substantiate the single-phase spinel structure of the ferrites. The morphology of the sintered ferrite surface is studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. From the fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data the metal oxide vibrational bonds corresponding to octahedral and tetrahedral sites are confirmed. Using the vibrational bond data, the bond lengths and bond angles of cation-cation and cation-anion and elastic constants of the ferrites are estimated. From the UV–Visible spectroscopy, refractive index and dielectric behaviour of the ferrites at the optical frequencies are discussed.

Structural, optical and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline zinc ferrite particles from glycine assisted combustion: Effect of Sr2+ dopant

Abstract Spinel type pure and Sr2+ doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by glycine assisted combustion. The resultant nanoparticles were found to be highly crystalline with cubic crystal structure. The structure and the corresponding changes in the tetrahedral and octahedral bond stretching were investigated. The chemical elements and oxidation states of these nanoparticles were determined and the elemental compositions of synthesized nanoparticles established. It was observed that the optical band gap values increased from 2.43 eV to 2.49 eV as Sr2+ concentration increased. The morphology, chemical elements and composition of the prepared ferrites were examined. The magnetic behavior of these nanoferrites was studied and corresponding changes in the saturation magnetization, coercivity and remanent magnetization were analyzed.

SYNTHESIS (CD1-XZNXFE2O4)NANOPARTICLES BY SOL-GEL COMBUSTION METHOD AND STUDY IT'S MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

In the present work (Cd1-xZnxFe2O4) nanoparticles compositions with x= (0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7,1.0) were prepared of Cd2+ doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles by the sol-gel method. Sample analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) approved that ferrite has a single-phase structure in all samples. The average crystal size estimated from (41- 45)nm by using the Debye–Scherrer formula. Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) micrographs appearance that all the samples possess nano-crystalline attitude. FT-IR spectra confirmed that the presence of metal oxides absorption bands at lower and higher frequency regimes, due to tetrahedral, and octahedral sites. The prepared magnetic properties of nanoparticles were analyzed by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) which shows that saturation Cadmium changes by substitution of Zn2+ in Zinc ferrite. These changes are formed by cations distribution among tetrahedral and octahedral sites and superexchange interaction decrease.

Development of Nickel Doped Zinc Ferrite Nanocomposites as Magnetically Recoverable Catalytic Material for The Synthesis of Biphenyl Methane

Magnetically active nickel doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles with chemical composition NixZn1-xFe2O4 (x- 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0) were successfully synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion method using high purity metal nitrates and ethylene glycol as gelling agent. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectral (FTIR) analyses. TEM images and particle size distribution profile reveals the agglomeration tendency during nickel doping suggest the magnetic nature of particles. The remarkable change in the magnetic behaviour of nickel doped zinc ferrite samples provide an easy recovery and regeneration of the material and thus making an excellent candidate for benzylation reaction without any remarkable fall in the catalytic performance for repeated cycles.

XRD, EDX, FTIR and ESR spectroscopic studies of co-precipitated Mn–substituted Zn–ferrite nanoparticles

Co-precipitation synthesizing technique was adopted to prepare manganese doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles with varying concentrations 0.5, 0.6, 0.7. EDX proved the consistency of stoichiometry of compositions in the ferrite samples considered under preparation. XRD patterns authenticated the ferrite phase in the investigating samples. The experimental lattice parameter (8.412–8.438 Å) is increasing and crystallite size (7.6–6.4 nm) appears to be decreasing with substitution of Mn2+. The grain size (1.1 µm) in the sample (x = 0.7) with smaller crystallites (6.4 nm) is found to be bigger than that of remaining compositions (x = 0.5, 0.6). The vibrational frequencies detected in the FTIR spectra also authorized the obtained spinel phase in the current ferrite systems. The elastic moduli illustrate the mechanical strength of ferrite systems which are dependent on interatomic distances. The variation of line width and Lande's g–factor in ESR studies revealed the possibility of core-shell morphology of present ferrite nanoparticles.

Structural, optical and magnetic properties of Zn1-xMnxFe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) spinel nano particles for transesterification of used cooking oil

Pure and manganese doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles were prepared via sonication assisted microwave irradiation method and it's employed for biodiesel production from used cooking oil (UCO). The nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, DRS, HR-SEM, EDX and VSM techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the formation of cubic spinel structure with Fd-3m space group without any impurities. The average crystalline size of manganese doped and undoped zinc ferrites were in the range from 7.49 nm to 9.65 nm as calculated from Scherer's formula. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies show the characteristic bands at 550 cm−1 and 419 cm−1 which confirming the presence of Fe-O and Zn-O vibrational stretching frequencies related to octahedral and tetrahedral positions of the zinc ferrite spinel's. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) revealed the optical energy band gap values in the range 1.90 eV–1.99 eV. The magnetic parameter such as coercivity (Hc), remanence magnetization (Mr) and saturation magnetization (Ms) were determined from hysteresis curves recorded at room temperature. The prepared ferrite nanoparticles were employed for the production of biodiesel from used cooking oil by transesterification process. The maximum yield of biodiesel 98.3% was achieved with 4 wt% of Mn2+ doped ZnFe2O4 nanocatalyst (ZnMnF5), reaction time 50 min, reaction temperature about 65 °C and methanol to oil molar ratio of 21:1. The ZnMnF5 sample was reused atleast 10 times with less reduction in activity. The standard values of biodiesel was measured using ASTM D-6751 method. The formation and composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were conformed using Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy. Mechanism for the biodiesel production using the doped zinc ferrite nanoparticle was proposed.

A study of the doped zinc-ferrite nanoparticles with bismuth

In this article, the doped zinc-ferrite nanoparticles with bismuth by using glycine as a fuel have been made by using the microwave combustion method. After synthesizing the ZnFe2−xBixO4 samples with x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.1, 0.15, dielectric properties such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor, and also conductivity were measured by using a LCR meter in the frequency range of 0–10 MHz. The results showed that the dielectric constant decreases with increasing the frequency; then its value reaches a constant magnitude. Also we considered the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of nanoparticles by using the x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The optical properties of the sample were studied by using the visible-ultraviolet light (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The results of the XRD patterns showed no additional peak was observed in the samples, and this revealed that the samples are single-phase. Also these results showed that the lattice parameter increases with increasing the bismuth concentration. SEM results showed an ascending trend in the size of the nanoparticles. Also, considering the VSM results characterized that increasing the bismuth amount leads to lower saturation magnetization, coercivity and remaining magnetization of the samples. The results of UV–vis spectroscopy showed that increasing bismuth amount can increase the sample optical band gap.

RETRACTED: Effect of Cd2+ concentration on ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles on the structural, optical and magnetic properties

Simple, cost effective and low temperature synthesis of pure and Cd2+ doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by a microwave assisted combustion method using metal nitrates as oxidizing agent and l-arginine as a reducing agent. The stoichiometric ratio of precursors taken was 1:2. X-ray diffraction, Rietveld, FTIR, HRSEM, DRS, PL, and VSM techniques are carried out to characterize the samples for the structural phases, functional groups, morphology, optical and magnetic properties. Upon the combustion method, the crystallinity and size variation of the nanoparticles were decreased from 42nm to 12nm with increasing the concentration of the dopant. The lattice parameter of the spinel structure increases when the size of the nanoparticles reduced. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of metal oxides absorption bands at lower and higher frequency regimes, due to tetrahedral, and octahedral stretching vibrations respectively. HRSEM images showed the presence of spherical particles in the nano-regime. The bandgap energy of the samples was estimated by diffuse reflectance spectra and it decreased with increasing dopant concentration which was calculated from Tauc’s relation. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy used to investigate the emission of the samples with the excitation wavelength at 414nm and emission at 486nm. Vibrating sample magnetometer under applied magnetic field was used to carry out the magnetic measurements and it revealed at decrease in saturation magnetization and an increase in coercivity with an increase in the concentration of Cd2+ ions. The microwave combustion method produces the ferrite nanoparticles as clean, non-toxic, environment-friendly with high yield of product in a shorter reaction time. The future plan of this research is to synthesize highly active catalyst for the photocatalytic mineralization of industrial effluent in large scale.

Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of neodymium doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles prepared through a novel sol–gel method

In the present study, for the first time ZnFe2−xNdxO4 nanoparticles were prepared through a novel sol–gel method with the aid of zinc(II) nitrate, iron(III) nitrate, neodymium(III) nitrate and lactose without adding external surfactant. Lactose plays role as capping agent and reducing agent in the synthesis of ZnFe2−xNdxO4 nanoparticles. The formation of pure crystallized ZnFe2−xNdxO4 nanoparticles occurred when the precursor was heat-treated at 800 °C in air for 2 h. The structural, morphological and optical properties of as-obtained products were characterized by techniques such as XRD, EDS, SEM, and UV–visible. The magnetic properties of as-prepared ZnFe2−xNdxO4 nanoparticles were also investigated with vibrating sample magnetometer. To evaluate the photocatalyst properties of nanocrystalline ZnFe2−xNdxO4, the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange under ultraviolet light irradiation was carried out.

Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of lanthanum doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles prepared by sol–gel method

Lanthanum doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by sol–gel method with the aid of zinc (II) nitrate, iron (III) nitrate, lanthanum (III (nitrate and propylene glycol. Besides, the effect of different type of surfactants such as CTAB, PVP, SDS, and oleic acid on the morphology and particle size of final product was investigated. The as-synthesized ZnFe2−xLaxO4 nanoparticles were characterized by means of several techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The magnetic properties of as-prepared ZnFe2−xLaxO4 nanoparticles were also investigated with vibrating sample magnetometer. To evaluate the photocatalyst properties of nanocrystalline ZnFe2−xLaxO4, the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange under ultraviolet light irradiation was carried out.

Dielectric Behavior and AC Conductivity of Mg2+ Doped Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Technique

Magnesium doped zinc ferrite Zn1−xMgxFe2O4 (x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00) was prepared by sol-gel technique. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed single cubic spinel structure with crystallite size ranging from 18 nm to 8 nm. Elemental analysis using XRF confirmed the purity of the samples. The lattice parameter was found to decrease with magnesium content. The observed dielectric behaviour is explained on the basis of Maxwell-Wagner two layer models. Variation of AC conductivity suggests conduction due to small polaron hopping. Both AC conductivity and dielectric constant increases with increases in temperature.