Doped Nickel Oxide Research Articles

Facile synthesis of cerium and vanadium doped nickel oxide nanoparticles for the enhancement of optical, electrical and thermoelectric properties

To investigate the optical, electrical and thermoelectric properties of pristine, cerium and vanadium doped NiO-NPs was synthesized by using sol-gel method. The XRD was used to investigate the FCC cubic crystal structure and crystallite size decreased from 75 to 43 nm. However, SEM micrographs depicted irregular surface morphology changed into small agglomerated grains by vanadium doped NiO-NPs. After that the EDAX analysis was performed to obtain the elemental composition (Ni, O, Ce and V) and also identified the weight percent of each element in all samples. The different functional groups such as Ni-O, OH, C-O, CO2, C=C and V-O was examined by FTIR spectra. The absorbance peak of pristine and doped NiO NPs indicate the blue shift and band gap decreased from 3.52 to 3.30 eV was calculated by UV-VIS analysis. The electrical properties were examined with two probe method and draw the relation between resistivity and conductivity. It was observed that the resistivity decreased (6 × 103 to 2 × 103 ohm-cm) with Ce and V doped NiO-NPs and conductivity increased (2 × 10-5 to 6 × 10-3 S/cm). Further, seebeck coefficient was calculated with the help of thermoelectric analysis and it was observed that seebeck coefficient increased by increasing temperature upto significant level. Overall analyses shows that vanadium doped NiO-NPs are excellent candidate for optical, electrical and thermoelectric measurements. While as prepared cerium and vanadium doped NiO-NPs will be helpful of electrical and thermoelectric devices.

Evaluation of antioxidant, catalytic and antidiabetic activity of Phaseolus vulgaris (French green bean) mediated nickel oxide and copper doped nickel oxide bimetallic nanoparticles

In this study, nickel oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and copper doped NiO bimetallic nanoparticles (Cu@NiO BMNPs) were synthesized using Phaseolus vulgaris extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents by sol gel methods. The chemical and physical properties of synthesized NiO NPs and Cu@NiO BMNPs were confirmed by various techniques, like UV Visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The optical properties of both NPs observed by UV–Vis analysis with well-defined peak and band gap value 3.2 eV & 2.62 eV. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional group of NPs with fruits extract. The morphology of NPs was confirmed by SEM and TEM analysis as polygonal, rod and spherical shape. The elements present in NPs were confirmed by EDX analysis. The crystalline size calculated based on the XRD analysis was 49.78 nm and 53.66 nm for NiO and Cu@ NiO NPs respectively which were found to be slightly smaller than particle size determined from SEM and TEM micrograph. Antioxidant activity of NPs was examined using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging radicals, Catalytic activities were screened by the degradation of Methylene blue (MB) and by the inhibition of alpha-amylase enzyme, antidiabetic activity of NPs were evaluated using acarbose as standard drug. The Cu@NiO BMNPs showed 77.60 % antioxidant, 76.98 % photocatalytic and 88.86 % antidiabetic activity, which were found to be more as compared to NiO NPs. The NiO and Cu@NiO BMNPs were synthesized for the first-time using P. vulgaris extracts. This study clearly showed that P. vulgaris extracts mediated mono- and bimetallic NPs were more stable and biocompatible than their respective bulk particles.

Deciphering the evolution of electronic and magnetic properties in alkali doped nickel oxide: An In-silico approach

In this study, we employed the DFT+U method to systematically explore the electronic, and magnetic properties of nickel oxide doped with alkali metal atoms (Li, Na, K). The Hubbard potential-U was judiciously applied to all doped compound resulting from alkali doping, and were found to exhibited half-metallic properties. A noteworthy observation was the half-metallic band gap in the spin-down channel, which exhibited a linear variation with the increasing value of the Hubbard potential. Furthermore, the total magnetic moment was discernible in the supercells, with all supercells demonstrating 100% spin polarization at the Fermi level. Consequently, the findings from this study hold significant potential for applications in spintronics, thereby paving the way for future research in this domain.

Elucidating the improved properties of defect engineered lanthanum-doped nickel oxide as hole-transport layer in triple-cation perovskite solar cells

Charge recombination at the interface between the hole transport layer (HTL) and perovskite (PVK) has been a performance bottleneck for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We present a detailed examination for the solar cell efficiency of the device using lanthanum (La)-doped nickel oxide (NiOx) as an HTL. The NiOx and La-doped NiOx films were prepared using the spray pyrolysis process. We employed low-temperature photoluminescence (LT-PL) to estimate the defect activation energy and utilized SCAPS 1D software to simulate the interface defect density. According to the data obtained, the interface between La:NiOx and PVK shows a lower activation energy for defects, indicating that it is more advantageous for charge transfer compared to the interface between NiOx and PVK. Utilizing SCAPS simulations the experimental JV curves closely match the simulated JV curves obtained from SCAPS simulations. These simulations were performed using optimal parameters, obtained by increasing the Rsh values and reducing the interface density in La:NiOx based PSCs. The interface defect densities are estimated to be La:NiOx/PVK and NiOx/PVK interfaces are 1 × 1012 cm−2 and 1.7 × 1012 cm−2, respectively. This indicates ≈70 % reduction in defect density at the La:NiOx/PVK interface compared to the NiOx/PVK interface. The conductivity values obtained from linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) are 1.01 × 10−3 S cm−1 for NiOx films and 1.21 × 10−3 S cm−1 for La:NiOx films. This indicates a significant enhancement of ≈20 % in the conductivity of La:NiOx films compared to undoped films. This leads to improvements in VOC and ultimately enhances the PCE. The calculating defect density at the HTL/PVK interface can contribute to the fabrication of futuristic highly efficient PSCs.

Synthesis and Characterization of Un-Doped and Copper Doped Nickel Oxide Thin Films

Synthesis and Characterization of Un-Doped and Copper Doped Nickel Oxide Thin Films

Impact of zinc concentration and annealing temperature on the structural, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of nickel oxide thin films synthesized by electrodeposition method

In this study, Zinc (Zn)- doped nickel oxide (NiO) thin films were fabricated via the electrodeposition method. The synthesized films were created with different concentrations of Zn (2 %, 4 %, 6 %, and 8 %) after that annealed at two different temperatures (300 °C and 500 °C). The prepared samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy (RAM), UV–vis spectrophotometry, photocurrent (PC), photoluminescence (PL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), photocurrent (PC), and Mott-Schottky (MS) analysis. XRD patterns indicate that Zn: NiO thin films have a cubic phase, with the (111) direction as the preferred orientation. Various structural parameters such as dislocation density, stacking fault, lattice strain, and crystallite size have been determined. The presence of Zn doping in NiO has been confirmed by EDX analysis. The EDX mapping of elements revealed the uniform distribution of Ni, Zn, and O in the sample. The optical transmittance and absorbance were analyzed using a UV–vis spectrophotometer. The lowest transmittance values were found for 8 % Zn: NiO thin films annealed at 300 °C and 500 °C. The absorption edge corresponding to pure NiO-300 °C and NiO-500 °C has been observed at 300 and 320 nm, respectively. The band gap energy (Eg) decreased to 3.88 eV for 8 %Zn: NiO (300 °C) and 3.71 eV for 8 %Zn: NiO (500 °C). The Raman analysis showed three distinct peaks at 590 cm−1, 705 cm−1, and 1172 cm−1, which correspond to the vibration of Ni—O bonds. The SEM results indicated that increasing the doping concentration and annealing temperature resulted in larger grain sizes in the manufactured samples. Furthermore, the PL spectra analysis of the synthesized films revealed two distinct emission peaks at around 400 and 490 nm. PC analysis confirmed the p-type conductivity of manufactured arrays. From MS measurements, the highest carrier concentration (NA) values of 8.81×1018 cm−3 and 9.41×1019 cm−3 were obtained for 8 %Zn: NiO (300 °C) and 8 %Zn: NiO (500 °C), respectively. EIS analysis confirmed the highest conductivity and enhanced electrochemical activity for 6 % Zn: NiO (500 °C) and 8 % Zn: NiO (300 °C). These results suggest that Zn-doped NiO is suitable for optoelectronic applications.

Synthesis, characterization, and biomedical potential of nickel oxide and Silver-doped nickel oxide nanoparticles via green synthesis method

The present study focuses on the synthesis of pure and different concentrations, viz. 2 %, 5 %, and 10 %, 15 % of Silver doped nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles prepared by green synthesis method using aqueous flower extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO). The flower extract of MO contains several bioactive constituents that can be used as a strong reducing, stabilizing and capping agent to prepare pure and Silver (Ag) doped NiO NPs. The XRD studies confirm the crystallinity structure of the material. Pure NiO is found to be around 20.38 nm on average, 14.7–18.29 nm for Ag-doped NiO nanoparticles, and it belongs to the face-centred cubic (FCC) structure. The morphology of the samples is studied using SEM analysis, and the elements present are confirmed by EDS. FTIR-ATR studies confirm the structure of the functional groups present in the samples. The UV–Vis spectra analyses are used to calculate the band gap values for the synthesized nanoparticles. Agar well diffusion methods are used to study the antimicrobial activity of green synthesized pure and silver-doped NiO nanoparticles. The antimicrobial studies reveal that good antibacterial activity is present in both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms of the green synthesis of pure and Silver doped NiO nanoparticles. Hence, the synthesized silver-doped NiO nanoparticles can be used for biomedical applications due to their antibacterial properties.

Altering the physical properties of NiO thin films grown through the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method by incorporating impurity lead dopants

The technology of p-type transparent semiconductors is utilized in various fields, and enhancing their performance holds industrial significance. Thus, improving the versatility and efficiency of the p-type transparent conducting oxides (TCO) has become critical for the semiconductor industries and technologies. To be used as hole carrier layes in optoelectronic devices, this study aimed to modify the physical features of nickel oxide (NiO) through a doping approach which may broaden and strengthen the usage of NiO. A cost-effective ultrasonic pyrolysis spray technique was employed for pure and lead (Pb) doped nickel oxide thin film production. The influence of the lead concentration on optical, structural, and morphological traits of the NiO nanostructures was examined via various analyses, including energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Photoluminescence, UV–visible spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, were utilized to investigate the optical and structural characteristics of these films. In correlation, the X-Ray Diffraction results indicated that the Pb doping induced strain and altered lattice parameters of the grown nanostructures while the cubic phase of NiO maintained. The crystallite size of NiO samples ranged from 31.49 nm to 18.75 nm based on Pb doping concentration which was notably influenced by species and doping content. The UV–vis measurements demonstrated that optical parameters, such as optical band gap, were sensitive to Pb doping ratios. The Raman spectrum analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of Pb ions into NiO. Additionally, the intensity of the PL spectra decreased with increasing Pb content, offering potential applications as window layers in solar cells, smart windows, and other optoelectronic devices.

Detoxification of dye solution by Ce doped NiO and CuO nanoparticles: Greeny way for soil reclamation using Wattakaka volubilis leaf extract

Cerium doped nickel oxide (NiO: Ce) and copper oxide (CuO: Ce) nanoparticles were synthesized via green route using the leaf extract of Wattakaka volubilis. The prepared samples were tested for their photocatalytic efficiency by degrading four different organic dyes Methylene Blue (MB), Methyl Orange (MO), Rose Bengal (RB) and Malachite Green (MG). The degrading efficiencies of green synthesized NiO:Ce and CuO:Ce against MB dye are 97 and 95%, respectively in 90 min which is superior compared to other dyes. To assess the level of detoxification achieved by the photocatalytic treatment, the resultant water samples obtained after the treatment are applied to the soil for soil health analysis. The pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium levels in the tested soil samples were analysed. The results revealed that NiO:Ce detoxify the dye solution better than CuO:Ce. Thus, Wattakaka volubilis leaf extract mediated NiO:Ce can be used as a promising candidate for the photocatalytic detoxification of organic dyes.

Photocatalytic activity of polyaniline‐potassium doped nickel oxide nanocomposites: A comprehensive investigation on multifaceted properties

AbstractPolyaniline‐potassium doped nickel oxide nanocomposites (PANI/KNO) were efficiently synthesized via an in situ chemical oxidation method, meticulously confirmed by comprehensive x‐ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The crystallite size and strain exhibited distinct behaviors, while field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a blend of irregular spherical shapes and nanofibers, further confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. These composites exhibited significantly enhanced thermal stability, surpassing PANI by 1.39 times, and showcased a band gap exceeding 3 eV, along with multiple photoluminescence peaks at room temperature (RT). Moreover, their RT AC conductivity experienced a remarkable surge by 4.91 times compared to pure polyaniline. Jonscher's Power Law model and the Havriliak–Negami relaxation model are employed to elucidate the electrical properties of composite materials. The composites displayed nonDebye relaxation behavior with increased conductivity, as observed through impedance analysis, electrical modulus evaluation, and dielectric constant assessment. Additionally, evident superparamagnetic properties and multiple magnetic domains further contributed to their effectiveness. The PANI/KNO composite demonstrated photocatalytic efficiency, achieving over 90% degradation of methylene blue dye across four cycles, thus highlighting its superior photostability. Furthermore, investigations into its response to pH variations and scavenger activity underscored its immense potential for highly effective photocatalytic applications.

Enhancement of dielectric properties by modulating electroactive $$\varvec{\beta }$$-phase of copper doped nickel oxide nanoparticles incorporated thin film

Enhancement of dielectric properties by modulating electroactive $$\varvec{\beta }$$-phase of copper doped nickel oxide nanoparticles incorporated thin film

Praseodymium doped nickel oxide as hole-transport layer for efficient planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have acquired significant consideration due to high power conversion efficiency (PCE). In PSCs, electron and hole extraction layers have a significant influence on their overall performance. In inverted p-i-n structure-based PSCs, NiOx has been frequently employed as a hole transport layer (HTL) due to its simple processing, wide bandgap, high optical transmittance, excellent chemical stability, and low processing temperature for large-scale fabrication. However, NiOx suffers from low electrical conductivity. Doping of NiOx is an effective technique employed for enhancing electrical as well as optical properties. Herein, the praseodymium doped NiOx (Pr-NiOx) was synthesized by sol-gel method, and films were fabricated to investigate the effect of Pr dopant on the optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance of PSCs. Results indicated that Pr doping significantly improved the hole mobility by about threefold and conductivity of NiOx films from 4.68 × 10-6 S cm-1 to 8.27 × 10-6 S cm-1. Moreover, it also enhanced the compactness and interfaces of NiOx HTL. PSCs based on 4 % Pr-doped NiOx HTL- yielded PCE of 9.35 % which is 32.43 % more than the PSCs fabricated using undoped NiOx HTL. The enhanced PCE of PSC devices with Pr-doped NiOx could be attributed to efficient extraction of a hole from an active absorbing layer of perovskite thereby, lowering the probability of unsuitable charge carrier recombination. This work exhibits that Pr-doped NiOx thin film could be a promising alternative material for efficient and stable inverted PSCs.

Synergetic effect of polyaniline/sodium doped nickel oxide composites on structural, thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties

Polyaniline/Sodium-doped nickel oxide composites (PANI/NNO) were synthesized successfully with varying amounts of sodium-doped nickel oxide (5–20%) (NNO) via the in-situ chemical oxidation polymerization method. The X-ray diffraction and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy analysis reveals the systematic arrangement and presence of NNO nanoparticles in the PANI matrix of nanofiberous structured PANI/NNO composites. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy showed broadening and shifting of peaks in composites, which implies chemical interaction between PANI and NNO for better conjugation. PANI/NNO composites have been found to have better thermal stability due to the reduction of grain boundaries, compactness, and conformation that with the loading of NNO particles also enhanced its conductivity. The weight loss of the composites decreased by 14.35% with incorporation of NNO in PANI. The kinetic parameters like half-life and activation energy are assessed using the Coats-Redfern method. Thermal stability, half-life, and activation energy of the PANI/NNO composite upgraded with the inclusion of relatively thermally stable NNO. The AC conductivity and impedance spectroscopy showed conductivity enhancement in composites. The conductivity of composites increased by 3.55 times than PANI found to be 2.42 S/m. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of composites were higher than PANI due to increased magnitude with the incorporation of NNO nanoparticles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyzer has been used to evaluate equivalent electric circuit parameters of composites and it confirms the presence of non-Debye type relaxation process. The vibrating sample magnetometer measurement indicates weak ferromagnetisms in composites and having a multi-domain state. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study confirms constituent elements presence. PANI/NNO composite with highest concentration found to have total shielding effectiveness of 31.48 dB at 2.11 nm thickness.

Enhanced photo catalytic properties for environmental applications of non-metal doped nickel oxide

Enhanced photo catalytic properties for environmental applications of non-metal doped nickel oxide

Electro-chemical studies of Zn doped nickel oxide nanoparticles synthesized via solution combustion method using green and chemical fuels.

This study presents a new green solution combustion method (aloe vera gel extract as fuel) and chemical method (glucose as fuel) to synthesise Zn-doped nickel oxide nanoparticles (Zn:NiO NPs). The face centered cubic crystal structure (FCC) phase was validated by PXRD, while the produced samples' spongy, spherical, agglomerated, and porous characteristics were shown by electron microscopy. The energy band gap values of 4.21 eV and 4.09 eV, respectively, were deduced for green and chemically synthesized Zn:NiO NPs. The reversibility was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry with a lower EO-ER value for the green-Zn:NiO electrode. The studies on electrochemical impedance confirmed strong conductivity for the NPs by demonstrating a low charge transfer resistance. The Zn:NiO NPs are easily convertible into a stable electrode material that may be used in supercapacitors. According to the findings, Zn:NiO is an economical and promising material for use in supercapacitors in the future.

Evaluation of Bactericidal Potential and Catalytic Dye Degradation of Yttrium/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Doped Nickel Oxide Nanostructures

Evaluation of Bactericidal Potential and Catalytic Dye Degradation of Yttrium/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Doped Nickel Oxide Nanostructures

Preparation and effect of additives n-ZnO doped p-NiO Screen printed thick films on Structural and Electrical Properties

Abstract: Zinc oxide (ZnO) doped Nickel oxide (NiO) thick films prepared using glass substrate by screen printing technique successfully. Synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed using characterisation techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and static gas sensing system. The structural properties of the prepared thick films were studied by XRD analysis. The observed prepared thick film shows polycrystalline nature of the films with a cubic structure and crystallite size found to be in the range of 18.21 to 35.44 nm. SEM analysis of prepared films enabled the conclusion that the prepared films are uniform, large crystals and heavily agglomerated particles were observed spherical in shape. Also, with increase in concentration specific surface area increases. The quantitative chemical compositions were analysed by SEM-EDS and it shows nonstoichiometric in nature. The correlation between structural and morphological properties are reported. The prepared thick films of ZnO doped NiO nanoparticles were analysed for electrical parameters namely TCR, activation energy and sheet resistivity, specific surface area were evaluated at different concentration of zinc oxide that assured the prepared material has a semiconducting nature. Electrical characterization results resistivity decreases from 6283.377 to 1972.727 with increase in wt.% concentration of ZnO. Such a prepared film can be used in fabrication of optoelectronic devices.

Iron doped nickel oxide nanoparticle modified carbon paste electrode sensor for paracetamol in presence of ascorbic acid: A voltammetric study

This manuscript reveals the synthesis of ferric doped nickel oxide (Fe–NiO) nanoparticle via a co-precipitation method and is depicted by XRD, SEM and EDS analysis. It is utilized as modifier at bare CPE with analysis of ascorbic acid (AA). AA (vitamin-C) found in citrus fruits and vegetables, it is acts as essential nutrients involved in tissue repair, making of collagen and enzymatic constructions of certain neuro transmitters. The Fe–NiO/MCPE brings the excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards AA in existence of Paracetamol (PA) by using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The experimental parameters like pH, sweep rate and concentration studied at 0.2 M PBS solution for the investigation of AA and PA. The Fe–NiO/MCPE is used for the illustration of AA and PA, The limit of detection for both AA and PA is 4.47 μM and 1.84 μM respectively. The prepared sensor can be used for the resolve of AA in real sample investigation.

Effective catalytic and antimicrobial performance of multiple phase AgBr and polyacrylic acid doped nickel oxide nanostructures with In Silico molecular docking study

A facile co-precipitation route was adopted to synthesize NiO2 nanostructures (NSs) doped with various weight ratios (2 and 4 wt.%) of AgBr and a fixed amount of PAA. This study aimed to investigate the RhB degradation on multiple media with the antimicrobial activity of pristine and doped NiO2. The morphological, structural, elemental, and optical characterizations of prepared samples were examined. X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) exhibited the hexagonal structure of NiO2 and confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized sample. The TEM images affirmed the nanoparticle and nanorod-like morphology. The UV–Vis analysis revealed that the absorption performance of synthesized samples is comprehensive in the ultraviolet region (277 nm) and band gap energy (Eg) decreased upon doping (4.1–3.36 eV). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) has stretching and vibrational modes of Ni–O and other functional groups. NiO2 has a large band gap with a high charge recombination rate issue. The supreme performance of NiO2 can be credited to PAA and AgBr, which hinder the e−/h+ recombination process by charge separation. The catalytic activity of AgBr/PAA doped NiO2 demonstrates remarkable performance against RhB and benzoic acid, with maximum degradation in acidic medium and exhibited higher antimicrobial efficacy for Escherichia coli. Docking studies were employed to decipher the mechanism underlying the bactericidal activity of AgBr/PAA-doped NiO2 NSs and PAA-doped NiO2 NSs for β-lactamase and DNA gyrase inhibition.

Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconium Doped Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Using Acalypha indica L Extract and Its Antimicrobial Activities

Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconium Doped Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Using Acalypha indica L Extract and Its Antimicrobial Activities