Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Green synthesized Cu-doped CeO2 nanoparticles for Congo red dye adsorption and antibacterial action

The removal of pollutants from water bodies is crucial for the well-being of humanity and is a topic of global research. Researchers have turned their attention to green synthesized nanoparticles for wastewater treatment due to their eco-friendly nature, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. This work demonstrates the efficient removal of organic dye and both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria from water bodies using copper-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized with Murraya Koenigii extract. Characterized via various methods, the 15% copper doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Cu 15% NPs) exhibited maximum Congo red dye adsorption (98% degradation in 35 min). Kinetic analysis favoured a pseudo-second-order model, indicating the chemical nature of adsorption. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms aligned with the Langmuir model, indicating homogenous monolayer dye adsorption on the doped adsorbent. The maximum uptake of adsorbate, Q m obtained from Langmuir model for Cu 15% NPs was 193 mg g−1. The study also showed enhanced antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Cu-doped ceria, attributed to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by the redox cycling between Ce3+ and Ce4+. This substantiated that the green synthesized copper doped cerium oxide nanoparticles are potential candidates for adsorptive removal of Congo red dye and as antibacterial agents.

Structural, optical and magnetic properties of Cu doped CeO2 nano powders synthesized by solid state reaction

In this research work, the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Ce1−xCuxO nanoparticles have been reported. Solid state reaction technique was employed to synthesize the nanoparticle samples. The synthesized materials were analysed structural properties from x-ray diffraction (XRD) observed that the crystallite size increased from16.9 nm to 40.43 nm and the lattice constant increased with increase of Cu doping concentration, and the structural properties after doping confirm the absence of other phase and synthesized samples had a cubic structure. Using SEM and EDAX, the nanoparticles surface morphology and elemental composition in investigated. The nanoparticles have a spherical shape and approximately the expected stoichiometric ratio. The optical band gap of copper doped cerium oxide nanoparticles is calculated and found the band gap decreased with increased dopant concentration. Ce1−xCuxO nanoparticles using photoluminescence (PL) analysis at excitation wavelengths of 350 nm revealed emissions of the violet, blue, green, and red regions within the range of 350–700 nm. Vibrating sample magnetometer was found that the samples were room temperature ferromagnetic in nature and strength of magnetic moment increased with increase of doping concentration.

Samarium doped cerium oxide nanoparticles under extreme temperatures and its photocatalysis activity on tetracycline

In this work, we report the characterization and application of cerium oxide (CeO2) doped with samarium (Sm). The physical and chemical properties of these Sm-CeO2 are discussed in comparison with their pure cerium oxide counterparts. Raman spectroscopy measurements under extreme temperature conditions showed that the vibrational optical modes at 267 cm−1, 458 cm−1, 555 cm−1 and 603 cm−1, except for the mode 555 cm−1, exhibited a red shift with increasing temperature with different temperature coefficients θ = ∂ω/∂T. The first-order temperature coefficient θ of the mode 458 cm−1 is ∼ (−0.01154 ± 4.4 × 10−4 cm−1/K). In contrast, the second-order mode coefficient at ∼267 cm−1 which equal ∼ (−0.04949 ± 2 × 10−3 cm−1/K) is higher, as well as that of modes 555 cm−1 and 603 cm−1 which are equivalent to ∼ (−0.01339 ± 2.6 × 10−3 cm−1/K) and (−0.00575 ± 1.89 × 10−3 cm−1/K). If based on the evolution of the analyzed Raman spectra that no structural phase transition of the crystal was observed for high and low temperatures, only a conformational change at temperatures of 553 and 733 K, which may be associated with the formation of oxygen vacancies in the lattice of Sm-CeO2. We also show the efficiency of the Sm-CeO2 sample for applications in Photocatalysis demonstrated through the removal of the Tetracycline (TC) drug in comparison with the pure CeO2 sample. The photocatalytic experiments showed a significant increase in TC removal efficiency in a remarkable synergistic effect between adsorption and photocatalysis, leading to approximately 83 % TC removal for Sm-CeO2.

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of water pollutant Brufen using lutetium doped cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by chemical precipitation method

BackgroundPlants act the foremost source of molecules for the advancement of new drugs regarding anti-inflammatory action. In recent years, pharmaceutical compounds have been categorized as the emerging pollutants and have grabbed the attention of the researchers due to their existence in wastewater. They have been detected in drinking water which shows that the wastewater treatment plants are always not efficacious. These contaminants are pernicious if present in higher dosage and cause several risk factors to humans, animals, and aquatic systems. Ibuprofen, one of the most prescribed analgesics found to cause severe damage to stomach and intestine has been subjected to photocatalytic degradation using Lutetium doped Cerium oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized using chemical precipitation method which is cost effective, simple, and ecofriendly. MethodsThe synthesized nanomaterial was characterized and confirmed using several analytical techniques like X-Ray Diffraction studies (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS), High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM), X-Ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Significant findingsXRD data revealed the cubic shape of the nanoparticles with approximate size of 6–12 nm. FT-IR study confirmed the presence of metal oxide peak at 550 cm−1 along with the peaks of other functional groups. HRSEM and HRTEM images confirmed cubic structure validating the XRD results. The band gap of the synthesized nanoparticles decreased from 3.25 eV to 2.90 eV in comparison with the pristine CeO2 with LuCeO2. XPS results revealed the oxidation state of lutetium as +3. The photocatalytic conditions were optimized and the optimization study confirms that the catalyst effectively degrades the drug. The degradation efficiency was calculated and was observed to be 92%. Real sample analysis was also performed using Brufen 200 tablet which confirms the practical application of the photocatalyst.

Aloe vera mediated synthesis of silver doped cerium oxide nanoparticles for display and supercapacitor applications

In the current study, Ag+ (1-11 %) doped CeO2 NPs are synthesized by versatile solution combustion synthesis using Aloe vera extract as reducing agent. To validate the effective synthesis, the synthesized samples are characterized by different techniques. PXRD analysis confirmed the formation of cubic fluorite structure with Fm-3m space group. The average crystallite size and direct energy band gap was found to decrease with increase in dopant concentration. SEM analysis confirmed the surface morphology and EDAX analysis affirmed the presence of Ce, O, and Ag elements in the synthesized samples. Photoluminescence studies confirmed that the obtained NPs exhibit characteristic emission peaks, highlighting their promising importance in display applications. Further, Electrochemical analysis confirms the highest specific capacitance of synthesized NPs at the lowest scan rates. CV, GCD and EIS suggest that Ag-doped CeO2 NPs find potential applications in energy storage devices such as supercapacitors.

Study of photodegradation performance of Zn‐doped CeO2 nanoparticles for wastewater contaminants remediation under visible light

The presented paper introduces a green route for the arrangement of pure and 1%, 2%, and 4% zinc doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Zn‐doped CeO2 NPs) by involving the extract of Salvadora persica. The analytical results of powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and Raman techniques confirmed the successful synthesis of NPs. According to PXRD outcomes, pure CeO2 NPs have a cubic phase. Moreover, as a result of the zinc doping within the crystal framework of this material, a noticeable alteration was observed in the placement of CeO2 (101) peak. The size of pure CeO2 NPs was measured by the FESEM analysis to be around 20–25 nm, which was decreased with the doping of zinc into CeO2 structure. According to the UV–Vis outcomes, appeared peak in 343 cm−1 confirmed the formation of CeO2 NPs; and this peak shifted by the doping of zinc. The observed Raman active band F2g at 459 cm−1 in the graph of CeO2 can be related to the fluorite type of CeO2 construction. Moreover, we evaluated the photocatalytic functionality of the prepared samples towards acid orange 7 (AO7) dye at visible light. The gathered data indicated 2% Zn‐doped CeO2 as the optimum sample due to eliminating 83% of AO7 dye at the volume of 15 mg L−1 in pH = 7. Therefore, performing a doping process on these NPs was a suitable choice for improving the photocatalytic activity of CeO2 on AO7 dye.

Phytosynthesized Cu‐Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Application

Herein, phytosynthesized copper doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized and their application potential in antibacterial activity is investigated. The compensative effect of Cu2+ occupying Ce4+/Ce3+ site and redox conversion of Ce4+ to Ce3+ are found to facilitate the antibacterial activity of the doped NPs. The preliminary characterizations are done using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and energy‐dispersive analysis of X‐ray spectroscopy. The particle size distribution curves from field‐emission scanning data give the mean particle sizes to be ≈20.4, 19.9, and 18.8 nm, respectively, for pure, lightly doped, and heavily doped NPs. The transmission electron microscopy manifests tetra‐ and hexa‐shaped particles, indicating the presence of Ce2O3/Ce1−x Cu x O2 along with ceria in pure and lightly doped and an additional presence of CuO in the heavily doped. The X‐ray photoelectron spectra of Ce 3d deconvolute to 10 peaks corresponding to Ce3+ and Ce4+ yielding Ce3+/Ce4+ % ratio <1 and Cu 2p and O 1s spectra are fitted to assess variation in Cu% and oxygen vacancies with doping. The Cu‐doped CeO2 samples show a commendable improvement over pure ceria, in the antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus.

Strongly coupled oxygen reservoir enabled highly efficient solid oxide fuel cell cathode operation under harsh conditions

The field distribution of oxygen concentration in cathode areas in planar type solid oxide fuel cell stack seriously affects power output, especially at the outlet of/beneath the interconnector where oxygen supply suffers from shortage. A new in-situ solvothermal growth method is applied to prepare gadolinium doped cerium oxide (GDC) nano particles decorated lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF) heterostructure cathode (LSCF@GDC) which performed well under a wide oxygen partial pressure range (0.03–0.21 atm). The cathode shows enhanced specific surface area and improved sintering activity, yielding stronger cathode/electrolyte interface contact. Specifically, the cell equipped with LSCF@GDC cathode demonstrates 40-fold promoted performance under low oxygen partial pressures ( p O 2 = 0.03 a t m ) e.g. 0.415 W/cm 2 for LSCF@GDC versus 0.0107 W/cm 2 for bare LSCF at 750 °C. The systematic characterizations verify that the strong coupling effect between GDC and LSCF, i.e., the GDC serves as the oxygen reservoir to not only alter the crystal structure of LSCF with enhanced oxygen content, but also guarantee sufficient oxygen species for LSCF under oxygen-starving atmosphere. Simultaneously, the oxygen-abundant cathode surface and optimized interface are considered to collectively contribute to the improved electrochemical performances and enable efficient operation. • LSCF@GDC heterostructure cathode is constructed via solvothermal method. • SOFC performance improvement by 40-fold under oxygen partial pressure of 0.03 atm. • Oxygen reservoir effect due to surface anchored GDC nano particles is verified.

Synthesis and characterisation of yittrium doped cerium oxide nanoparticles and their efficient antibacterial application invitro against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens

The point of the study is to synthesize Ce1-xYtxO2 (X = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08), and to characterize it. A chemical precipitation procedure was used to synthesize the yttrium (Yt) doped cerium oxide (CeO2) powders. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the phase pure cubic structured CeO2 crystal system exists. The Rietveld refining method has been used to look into the comprehensive structural examination of produced materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to examine the surface morphology and elemental content of the produced materials (EDAX). FTIR spectroscopy has revealed the presence of vibrational linkages linked to distinct functional groups. UV–Vis spectroscopy was used to look at the energy gap of synthetic materials.Photoluminescence (PL) analysis was used to investigate the luminescence activity of synthesized materials. Synthesized materials under 380 nm excitation produced a light-green emission at around 516 nm. In addition, the electron density distribution in synthetic materials has been achieved. Furthermore, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Corynebacterium diphtheria were used to test the antibacterial activity of produced compounds. Hemolysis inquiry was then used to look at the destruction of human red blood cells. The 4% Yt3+ dopant level was shown to be the optimal level of Yt3+ dopant in the CeO2 host lattice in all of the characterization. The current study opens a viable path for developing efficient biomedical materials.

Electrical and magnetic properties of nanostructured Ni doped CeO2 for optoelectronic applications

Employing hydrothermal technique, undoped and nickel doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Ni doped CeO2 NPs) are synthesized with different concentration of dopant (5 M%, 10 M% and 15 M%). Prepared samples are subjected to Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), Vibrational sample magnetometry (VSM), Dielectric and electrical conductivity studies. Formation of CeO2 NPs and Ni doped CeO2 NPs is confirmed by PXRD and EDX. The crystallite size of the samples, determined from powder XRD using Williamson-Hall (W–H) plot, diminishes with increased Ni doping. The lattice parameter variation indicates an initial lattice contraction when the doping is less and a lattice expansion with enhanced Ni doping. These variations in crystallite size and lattice parameter could be due to the replacement of Ce ions by Ni ions in the CeO2 lattice. SEM and HRTEM images show that the morphology of the NPs formed is nearly spherical. The UV–vis spectroscopic studies indicated that bandgap energy of Ni doped CeO2 NPs widens as the Ni dopant concentration is increased. Increase of oxygen vacancy (VO) with increase in Ni concentration is designated by Raman spectra. The PL studies show that the nanoparticles of CeO2 and Ni doped CeO2 exhibit luminescence in the violet-blue-green wavelengths region (400 nm–500 nm). The decrease in emission intensity with increase of Ni concentration is indicative to increase of oxygen vacancies with increase in Ni content which act as non-radiative centers. VSM studies show that all the samples exhibit paramagnetism. The saturation magnetization and the retentivity of the samples increase as the Ni dopant concentration increases. All the samples display frequency dependent dielectric properties. With increase in the concentration of Ni dopant and frequency, a reduction in the values of dielectric constant and dielectric loss and an improvement in the electrical conductivity were observed for all the samples.

Facile synthesis and characterization studies of Mn Co-doped ceria nanoparticles: A promising electrode material for supercapacitors

In this study we report a facile, cost effective one step preparation method for the synthesis of Mn doped cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) through co-precipitation technique. The synthesis was performed at relatively low temperature using a green reagent oxalic acid as reducing agent. The structural and optical attributes of the samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Visible spectroscopy and SEM (Scanning electron microscopy). The XRD and FTIR results show the formation of Mn doped ceria NPs having a cubic fluorite structure. The morphology and chemical composition of the prepared sample was realized using SEM and EDX spectrum. The synthesized Mn doped ceria NPs shows greater absorption in the visible region and reduced particle size compared to pure ceria NPs.

Morphological and optical studies of zinc doped cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared by single step co-precipitation method

Zinc doped Cerium oxide nanoparticles are prepared by a facile single step co-precipitation method. The synthesis method involves co-precipitation of the precursor salts using a non-toxic, green reagent oxalic acid, followed by annealing process at reliable low temperature. The effect of Zn doping on cerium nanoparticles are clearly investigated by the different characterization techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy for morphological study, Fourier Transform Infra-Red studies to study the functional groups present and UV–Vis spectroscopy for optical study. The micro-structural and optical studies exhibit remarkable variation in the structural, optical, and morphological properties.

Cu-doped cerium oxide-based nanomedicine for tumor microenvironment-stimulative chemo-chemodynamic therapy with minimal side effects

CeO2 nanoenzyme possesses multiple enzyme-mimicking activities and excellent biocompatibility. However, its weak peroxidase (POD)-mimicking property in the tumor microenvironment (TME) hinders its further tumor therapy application. To enhance CeO2 nanoenzyme’s POD activity and overcome limitations of single therapeutic modality, a novel antitumor controlled drug release system (CCCs NPs) was designed using Cu doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Cu-CeO2 NPs) loaded with clinical anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) as the core and the breast cancer cell membrane as the outer shell. Cu doping endowed CeO2 NPs’ with significantly enhanced POD-mimicking activity in the TME due to a remarkably higher Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio. The cancer cell membrane coating enabled our nanomedicine with homotypic targeting property. Combined with chemotherapeutic drug DOX, a selective and nearly complete tumor suppression was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, under physiological condition, CCCs NPs worked as a radical scavenger to protect normal cells from oxidative stress caused by anti-cancer drug DOX and OH generated via Fenton-like reaction. Collectively, our CCCs NPs offered a therapeutic potential for effective breast cancer therapy while being free of side effects.

Doped and un-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles: Biosynthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic study

Using a simple and environmentally friendly method, un-doped and 1 and 5 % cadmium doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Cd doped CeO2 NPs) were prepared through Salvadora persica aqueous extract in the present study. The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis), and Raman methods. Due to the results of PXRD, EDX, and UV–Vis, cadmium is well doped in cerium oxide structure. The results of FESEM showed that the synthesized nanoparticles are spherical and have an average size of 10–20 nm. The toxicity effect of synthesized un-doped and Cd doped CeO2 NPs on breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line was investigated using WST-1 test. Compared to doxorubicin as control, the results showed that the un-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles had more cytotoxicity compared with those of the doped nanoparticles and doxorubicin.

Photocatalytic performance on degradation of Acid Orange 7 dye using biosynthesized un-doped and Co doped CeO2 nanoparticles

Cobalt doped CeO2 nanoparticles (Co-CeO2 NPs) were prepared in a media that contained Salvadoral persica extract, cerium nitrate, and cobalt sulfate. The analytical methods of PXRD, UV–vis, DRS, BET, FESEM, EDX, and Raman were used to determine the morphology and size of synthesized un-doped and cobalt doped cerium oxide nanoparticles with the percentage of 1–10 %. The spherical shape of synthesized nanoparticles and the size of about 5−30 nm were confirmed through the obtained FESEM results. In addition, PXRD and EDX outcomes were indicative of the well doping of Co into the crystal lattice of CeO2 nanoparticles. We also examined the photocatalytic activity of synthesized nanoparticles on Acid Orange 7 (AO7) dye and realized that the amount of Co doped CeO2 can be effective on the photocatalyst performance. The best photocatalytic performance was observed and recorded in the case of 7 % Co doped CeO2 NPs. Furthermore, the impacts of operational parameters such as pH and concentration of AO7 were evaluated on the activity of 7 % Co doped CeO2 NPs. In conformity to the gathered data, the conditions of AO7 at pH = 5 with 1 g loading of 7 % Co doped CeO2 NPs exhibited the highest percentage of removal (95.4 %) in 180 min and subsequent to performing 4 cycles, only 13.2 % of the photocatalytic activity was declined.

Enhanced Removal of Crystal Violet Dye and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Ti Doped CeO2 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Phoenix Dactylifera Mediated Green Method

Currently eco-friendly green method is used for the synthesis of biocompatible pure and Ti doped cerium oxide nanoparticles. Various chemical methods have been reported for the synthesis of nanomaterials. In the present work, the green chemistry route was employed for the synthesis of Ti doped CeO2 nanoparticles (nanoceria) by Phoenix Dactylifera fruit extract. Their structural, morphological and optical properties were investigated by XRD, XPS, UV-DRS, GC–MS, FTIR and TEM. Structural analysis confirms the formation of Ti doped CeO2 nanoparticles with particle size ranging from 7 to 9 nm and XPS analysis confirms the presence of Ti+4 ions in CeO2 nanoparticles. It was observed that Ti doped CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited the enhanced removal of crystal violet dye and maximum degradation was obtained by 15% Ti doped nanoceria. Antibiofilm activity of Ti doped CeO2 nanoparticles were also investigated against P. aeruginosa PAO1, which shows maximum antibiofilm activity for 20% Ti doped CeO2 nanoparticles.

Oxygen-deficient lanthanum doped cerium oxide nanoparticles for potential applications in spintronics and photocatalysis

In this report, we have investigated oxygen-deficient lanthanum (La) doped cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles for their potential applications in spintronics and photocatalysis. XRD measurements indicate lattice expansion with an increase in La content in the host matrix. TEM images show that morphology of cerium oxide nanoparticles transformed into grain-like structures with La3+ ion concentration. The increase in defects with La content was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques viz. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS revealed the introduction of new networks La3+-O-Ce3+ and La3+-O-Ce4+ that enhanced the vacancy defects. The defects in the form of oxygen vacancies played a vital role in increasing the net magnetization that can be explained by F-center exchange mechanism. Further, the formation of vacancy defects were responsible for the reduction in band gap up to La 8% (Eg = 3.08 eV) as compared to non-substituted CeO2 (Eg = 3.21 eV). Henceforth, it can be concluded that defects in the form of oxygen vacancies are key component for the enhancement in magnetic properties and photocatalytic efficiency towards the degradation of Rose Bengal dye.

Nickel-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis Using Stevia and Protective Effect against Harmful Ultraviolet Rays.

Nanoparticles of cerium oxide CeO2 are important nanomaterials with remarkable properties for use in both industrial and non-industrial fields. In a general way, doping of oxide nanometric with transition metals improves the properties of nanoparticles. In this study, nickel- doped cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized from Stevia rebaudiana extract. Both doped and non-doped nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray, Raman spectroscopy, and Vibrating-Sample Magnetometry analysis. According to X-ray diffraction, Raman and Energy Dispersive X-ray crystalline and single phase of CeO2 and Ni doped CeO2 nanoparticles exhibiting fluorite structure with F2g mode were synthesized. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy shows that CeO2 and Ni doped nanoparticles have spherical shape and sizes ranging of 8 to 10 nm. Ni doping of CeO2 results in an increasing of magnetic properties. The enhancement of ultraviolet protector character via Ni doping of CeO2 is also discussed.

Electronic structure and photocatalytic activity of samarium doped cerium oxide nanoparticles for hazardous rose bengal dye degradation

Sm doped CeO2 (Sm = 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) nanoparticles have been synthesized by sol-gel method for spintronics and photodegradation applications. Structural properties were studied using X-ray diffraction that showed single-phase crystalline nature with some structural distortions. Raman spectroscopy was employed to study the defects where longitudinal optical mode confirmed the presence of defects in the form of oxygen vacancies. Magnetic studies infer that saturation magnetization (MS) increased with Sm doping from 0.36 × 10−3 emu/g for pure CeO2 to 15.8 × 10−3 emu/g for Sm 6% and then, decreased for Sm 8%. Reported results also demonstrated the excellent photodegradation of UV-irradiated rose bengal dye. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to illustrate the electronic structure, including the contribution of each ionic state, i.e. Ce3+ and Ce4+. Oxygen vacancies and formation of new networks led to the origin of room temperature ferromagnetic behaviour and excellent photocatalytic degradation of harmful rose bengal dye.

Hydrothermal synthesis of samarium (Sm) doped cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles: Characterization and antibacterial activity

This work describes the synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of samarium (Sm) doped cerium oxide nanoparticles. The Sm doped CeO2 nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method with various concentrations ranges from 2 mol % to 8 mol %. The XRD pattern revealed crystalline nature with size of 58.3 nm–43.47 nm. The Ce–O chemical bonding nature was confirmed using FTIR. FESEM exhibited fascinating shapes like agglomerated octahedral and grow rod arm on octahedral phases of nanoparticles. UV–Vis was used to measure the optical behaviors of CeO2 nanoparticles. The samarium doped CeO2 nanoparticles showed better antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria.