Group Of Blood Donors Research Articles

Blood Management System Using Java with GUI and Array List-based Database

This research paper presents the development of a Blood Management System (BMS) using Java with a graphical user interface (GUI), ArrayList as a data structure for managing records, and file handling for persistence. The system provides an efficient and user-friendly platform for blood donation management, focusing on functionalities accessible to an administrative user (admin) only. Key features include donor data management (adding, updating, searching, deleting), stock management of blood groups, and essential application controls like login/logout and exit functionalities. This system aims to streamline the management of blood banks by providing quick access to critical information such as donor location, blood group, and stock availability. The source code for the Blood Management System is accessible at https://github.com/BloodBankManagment.

Current basic research in normothermic machine perfusion.

Background Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is gradually being introduced into clinical transplantation to improve the quality of organs and increase utilisation. This review details current understanding of the underlying mechanistic effects of NMP in the heart, lung, liver and kidney. It also considers recent advancements to extend the perfusion interval in these organs and the use of NMP to introduce novel therapeutic interventions, with a focus on organ modulation. Summary The re-establishment of circulation during NMP leads to the upregulation of inflammatory and immune mediators, similar to an ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) response. The level of injury is determined by the condition of the organ, but inflammation may also be exacerbated by the passenger leucocytes that emerge from the organ during perfusion. There is evidence that damaged organs can recover and that prolonged NMP may be advantageous. In the liver, successful 7 day NMP has been achieved. The delivery of therapeutic agents to an organ can aid repair and be used to modify the organ to reduce immunogenicity or change the structure of the blood group antigens to create a universal donor blood group organ. Key messages The application of NMP in organ transplantation is a growing area of research and is increasingly being used in the clinic. In the future NMP may offer the opportunity to change practice. If organs can be preserved for days on an NMP system, transplantation may become an elective rather than an emergency procedure. The ability to introduce therapies during NMP is an effective way to treat an organ and avoid the complexity of treating the recipient.

Frequency and Risk factors of Reoperation in LDLT Donors

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is the definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease, acute liver failure, liver tumors, and metabolic diseases. Re-exploration after surgery is associated with poor clinical outcomes and is considered a quality-of-care measure. Objective: To determine the frequency and risk factors of reoperation (early re-laparotomy) after hepatectomy in postoperative LDLT donors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences between December 2023 and May 2024. This study included 672 LDLT donors aged > 18 years old. Data on donor age, sex, blood group, operation time, and re-exploration were collected. The primary endpoints were the frequency and causes of re-exploration, and the secondary endpoints included the association of re-exploration with clinical outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0, with the significance level set at P < 0.05. Blood group analysis revealed that 57.9% of reexplored donors had blood group B+. Results: The frequency of re-exploration was 2.8%. Among those requiring re-exploration, 42.1% were aged 21-28 years. The difference in re-exploration rates between male and female patients was statistically significant (P<0.001). Blood group analysis revealed that 57.9% of the reexplored donors had blood group B+. Bleeding was the primary cause of re-exploration in 73.7% of cases. The majority (57.9%) of re-explorations occurred in patients with operation times between 451-550 minutes. However, the significant sex disparity and high incidence of bleeding as a cause for re-exploration underscores the need for improved postoperative care. Conclusion: This study highlights a relatively low frequency of re-exploration (2.8%) among LDLT donors. However, the significant sex disparity and high incidence of bleeding as a cause for re-exploration underscore the need for improved postoperative care.

Frequency of ABO and Rhesus (D) blood group among blood donors and blood requisition and utilization patterns: An insight towards optimal blood usage in a tertiary care hospital.

Objective: To determine the distribution and frequency of blood groups among the blood donors and assess the blood requisition and utilization patterns in order to strategize optimal blood utilization. Study Design: Cross-sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: January 2021 to January 2024. Methods: Blood bank data including blood donor name, gender, blood groups, blood requisitions, blood issuance and blood utilization was retrieved from Fauji Foundation hospital’s management information system and blood requisition and collection forms. The quality indicators of blood utilization i.e. crossmatch/transfusion ratio and transfusion probability was calculated and analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: 22483 blood donors donated blood at our blood bank facility from January 2021-january 2024. Mean age 31±10.2 years (range: 18–56 years). Majority of the blood donors were males 96.4% (n=21682) while 3.5% (n=801) were females. A total of 21733 were replacement donors while 750 were voluntary donors. The highest blood requests were from obstetrics/gynecology department while the highest blood utilization was by the medicine department. The overall cross match to transfusion ratio was 1.3. The highest cross match to transfusion ratio of 2.5 was from obstetrics/gynecology department while the lowest was from pediatrics and oncology departments. Conclusion: The blood group O positive was the commonest blood group. Although, blood transfusion quality indicators show effective utilization however the pattern varies among different departments. Evidence-based blood utilization strategies need to be implemented for optimal utilization of blood.

Analysis of transfusion-related acute lung injury cases investigated in Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur

Abstract: CONTEXT: Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) which is associated with passive transfer of antibodies to leukocyte antigens in blood products causes serious morbidity and mortality. Blood donation centers need to determine the best measure to mitigate the risk of TRALI. AIM: This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of blood donors implicated in TRALI cases and donors who were found to have human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies. SETTING AND DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study based on a retrospective record review in the Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All cases investigated for TRALI from January 2017 to February 2022 were included. Donor’s variables analyzed include age, gender, race, history of alloimmunization, and result of HLA antibody test. Corresponding HLA antigen in recipient, recipient outcome and implicated blood product were also studied. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. RESULTS: Twenty-seven cases of TRALI with 37 donors were investigated. Majority of the donors were female (73%). Packed red cell was the most frequently implicated blood product (70.3%). There were significant associations between gender (P = 0.029) and history of pregnancy (P = 0.014) with the presence of HLA antibody in the donors. Multiparous donors with HLA antibodies have a higher number of pregnancies compared to their counterparts (mean = 3.93 [1.69] vs. 2.20 [0.84]) with a significant difference (P = 0.044). CONCLUSION: The characteristics of blood donors and blood products implicated in TRALI cases and donors who have HLA antibodies were identified. The impact of deferring certain blood donor group needs to be determined before the most appropriate TRALI mitigation strategy can be implemented.

Screening for autoimmune diseases in apparently healthy antinuclear antibody positive individuals.

Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) assessed by immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy are associated with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) and can be detected years before onset of clinical symptoms. Recent data indicate dysregulation of the immune system with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including type I interferons (IFN), in ANA-positive versus ANA-negative individuals. Herein, the aims were to investigate IF-ANA, ANA fine specificities, and IFN-α protein levels in relation to self-reported symptoms, as well as clinical signs, of SARD in a large group of healthy blood donors (HBD). Sera from 825 HBD (48.8% females) were included. IF-ANA was assessed, using HEp-2 cells, according to the routine at the accredited laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Linköping University Hospital. All samples were analyzed for IgG-ANA fine specificities using addressable laser bead assay (ALBIA) at the same laboratory. IFN-α was determined using ELISA. Antibody-positive individuals, and their sex- and age-matched antibody-negative controls, were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding symptoms associated with SARD. In total, 130 HBD (15.8%) were positive with IF-ANA and/or ALBIA. Anti-U1RNP was significantly more common among women. Generally, self-reported symptoms correlated poorly with IF-ANA and/or ALBIA results. Two females with high levels of Ro60/SSA, Ro52/SSA and IFN-α reported mild sicca symptoms and were diagnosed with Sjögren's disease after clinical evaluation. A considerable proportion of apparently HBD are autoantibody positive, but without clear association to self-reported symptoms. Nevertheless, the combination of autoantibodies, relevant symptoms and high IFN-α levels identified the small proportion of individuals with SARD in the study population.

A two‐stage adaptive robust model for designing a reliable blood supply chain network with disruption considerations in disaster situations

AbstractWe consider multi‐period blood supply chain network design in disaster situations that involve blood donor groups, permanent and temporary blood collection facilities, blood banks, and hospitals. We use a discrete scenario set to model the uncertain blood supply and demand, and the unforeseeable disruptions in permanent blood collection facilities, blood banks, and road links arising from a disaster, where instead of complete failure, disrupted permanent blood collection facilities and blood blanks may only lose part of their capacities. To design a reliable blood supply network to mitigate the possible disruptions, we present a two‐stage adaptive robust model that integrates the location, inventory, and allocation decisions incorporating a blood sharing strategy, where blood can be delivered from a disrupted/non‐disrupted blood bank to disrupted blood banks to enhance the flexibility of the relief network. For this novel problem, we devise an exact algorithm that integrates column‐and‐constraint generation and Benders decomposition and introduce several non‐trivial acceleration techniques to speed up the solution generation process. We conduct extensive numerical studies on random data sets to evaluate the algorithmic performance. We also conduct a case study in Tehran to demonstrate its real‐life applicability and examine the impacts of key model parameters on the solutions. The numerical results verify the benefits of our model over typical benchmarks, that is, deterministic and stochastic models, and the superiority of our solution algorithm over the CPLEX solver and two well‐known solution approaches, that is, column‐and‐constraint generation and Benders decomposition. Finally, based on the numerical results, we derive managerial insights from the analytical findings.

Factors associated with blood donation among college and university students in Wuhan, China: structural equation model

BackgroundCollege and university students were an important population group of blood donors, especially in the current situation of tight blood supply. This study aimed to investigate the current status and determinants of blood donation among this population group in Wuhan using a structural equation model.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study involving 12 colleges and universities in Wuhan, China, including 5168 students. Sociodemographic characteristics, health status, knowledge about blood donation, and attitude toward blood donation were treated as latent variables, with blood donation as the observed variable. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using the Mplus 8.0 statistical software application, followed by the establishment of a structural equation model to assess the relationships that exist between these variables.ResultsThe overall blood donation rate among college and university students was 24.71%. The established model indicated that sociodemographic characteristics, health status, knowledge about blood donation, and attitude toward blood donation showed significant positive effects (0.135, 0.056, 0.321, and 0.389, respectively) on blood donation, among them, the direct effects were 0.076, -0.110, 0.143, and 0.389, respectively (P < 0.01). Additionally, sociodemographic characteristics, health status, and knowledge about blood donation had indirectly affected blood donation through the mediating effect of attitude towards blood donation. Their effects on attitude towards blood donation were 0.099, 0.243, and 0.468, respectively. (P < 0.01). The model could explain explained 22.22% of the variance in blood donation behavior among college and university students in Wuhan.ConclusionBlood donation among college and university students in Wuhan was associated with sociodemographic characteristics, health status, knowledge about blood donation, and attitude towards blood donation, with attitude being the primary influencing factor. Tailored recruitment strategies for blood donation among students should prioritize initiatives aimed at enhancing knowledge about blood donation and fostering positive attitudes toward it.

Assessing the implications of using RDTS in donor blood screening for transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs): analysis of trans-in donor blood at a Tertiary Hospital in Ghana

BackgroundBlood transfusion is a critical hemotherapeutic intervention. However, the widespread utilization of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) methods in screening potential donors for TTIs poses a serious public health challenge. We investigated the prevalence of TTIs in donor blood units that were transported from external health facilities (Trans-in blood) to Ho Teaching Hospital for critical care. MethodWe adopted a cross-sectional design to investigate 727 units of Trans-in blood at the Ho Teaching Hospital's blood bank between January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. An apriori-developed data capture form was used to collect the data for this study. The chi-square test and Cramer's V or Phi were used to assess the association between variables of interest. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between TTIs and donor's blood groups whereas spatial visualization was employed to present the distribution of missed TTIs. ResultsThe overall prevalence of missed TTIs was 6.19 % (95 % CI: 4.66–8.18), comprising missed HIV, HBV, and Syphilis infection rates of 1.79 % (95 % CI: 1.72–1.86), 1.24 % (95 % CI: 1.17–1.31), and 3.16 % (95 % CI: 3.09–3.23), respectively. There was a higher rate of missed HIV infections in 2022 (2.04 %, 95 % CI: 1.04–3.97) compared to 2021 (1.49 %, 95 % CI: 0.64–3.45), and a decline in the rates of missed HBV and Syphilis infection within the period. The prevalence of TTI was highest among donors with ABO blood group 'O' (68.89 %, 95 % CI: 54.34–80.47) and Rh 'D' Positive blood group (95.56 %, 95 % CI: 85.17–98.77). Compared to donors with blood group O, non-O donors had 4.53 times the odds (95 % CI: 1.12–18.27; p-value=0.034) of missed HBV infection. ConclusionThe observed prevalence of missed TTIs highlights potential gaps in current screening practices, posing a significant public health concern. Efforts made to clamp down on the spread of these infections within the population may be impeded if the current trend of missed TTIs continues. Further studies on a larger scale with more comprehensive data are advised to better appreciate the public health implications of missed TTIs in Ghana.

Anti-A and anti-B titers in A, B and O whole blood donors: Beyond “dangerous O”

Background and ObjectivesHemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) pose significant risks in transfused patients, with anti-A and anti-B antibodies in donor plasma being potential contributing factors. Despite advancements in component preparation, HTRs remain a concern, particularly with apheresis-derived platelets. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of high anti-A and anti-B titers among A, B, and O blood group donors and to explore factors associated with high titers. Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 18 months, enrolling 978 participants from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Western India. Anti-A and anti-B titers were determined using the Conventional Tube Technique (CTT). Statistical analysis assessed correlations between high titers and demographic factors. ResultsThe majority of participants were young males (98.8%). Prevalence of high titers for IgM anti-A was 12.2% and IgG anti-A was 2.5%. For anti-B, IgM titers were 2.3% and IgG titers were 0.2%. The prevalence of dangerous O was found to be 14.1%, while 3.52% and 10.5% of A and B blood group donors were found to have high titers, respectively. Factors associated with high titers included female gender, vegetarian diet, age <30 years, and O blood group. ConclusionThe study sheds additional light and provides supplementary information regarding the prevalence and correlation of high anti-A and anti-B titers among O, A and B blood donors. Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing transfusion safety protocols, including selective screening of platelet units and tailored transfusion strategies based on donor characteristics.

Insights on P2X7 in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm and carotid atherosclerosis

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ministero della Salute, Italia, Rete Cardiologica Nazionale Background Carotid atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are co-morbidities [1]. P2X-purinoceptor-7 (P2X7) is expressed both in human AAA and atherosclerotic carotid plaque (CPL) and is instability-associated in CPL [2-4]. P2X7 is functionally related to miR-150 and miR-186 (two microRNA which modulate vascular cell proliferation) [5,6], and may be shed into the bloodstream in correlation with C-reactive protein increase [7]. Little is known about the possible association between AAA risk and circulating P2X7, miR-150 and miR-186 in patients with/without hemodinamically significant CPL. Purpose Our aim is exploring the possible relationship between circulating P2X7, target miRs clinical status and lesion dimensions in patients with CPL and/or AAA. Methods Male patients with AAA and/or CPL were characterized.CPL stenosis was assessed by Ecocolordoppler-TSA. Eligible cohort included 20 patients with AAA undergoing aneurysmectomy [10 with CPL stenosis ≤40% (group A), 10with CPL stenosis &amp;gt;40% (group B)], 10 patients with hemodinamically significant CPL and small or no AAA undergoing endarterectomy (group C) donating blood and vascular samples at surgery. Twelve healthy blood donors (group D) were enrolled as controls. P2X7 protein was evaluated by ELISA. P2X7 gene, miR-150 and miR-186 were determined by RT-qPCR. Results In group A, CPL appeared mainly localized at carotid bulb, in group B extended along branches. P2X7 gene was undetermined into serum and expressed without differences among groups in patient tissues. P2X7 protein was measurable in all serum samples and was lower in group B than in the others (p=0,0117, p=0,0009, p=0,0003 vs. group A, C, D, respectively) and in group C vs. D (p=0,0006). These data differentiated patients with hemodinamically significant CPLs with severe AAA from the other patients and all those with hemodinamically significant CPLs (irrespectively from AAA severity) from healthy individuals. In group B but not in the others, serum P2X7 was linearly associated to platelet concentration. In group C the amounts of P2X7 in CPL tissue and serum were negatively associated, whereas in group A and B the P2X7 levels in AAA tissue and serum were unrelated. The miRs were detected into both serum and tissue and not correlated among them nor with circulating P2X7 protein. The serum miR-186, but not miR-150, was differentially expressed in group A vs. B (p=0,0266) and linearly related to AAA diameter in group B (p=0.0351). P2X7 content and expressed gene (p=0,015, p= 0,023, respectively) and miR expressions (p=0,0418 for miR-186, p=0,0012 for miR-150) were more elevated in AAA vs. CPL tissues, highlighting the vascular heterogenicity. Conclusions Preliminary data suggest a role for P2X7 and miR-186 in profiling patients with hemodinamically significant CPL with/without high risk AAA, deserving further investigations.

Factors Associated With Recurrence of Underlying Diseases Among Liver Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Study.

The recurrence of underlying diseases remains a major cause of graft failure after liver transplant. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the recurrence of underlying diseases and investigate the incidence of these factors and recurrence at the main liver transplant center in Iran. We included adult liver transplant recipients followed at Shiraz Transplant Center between 2011 and 2018 with a confirmed diagnosis of recurrence of underlying disease in our study. We reviewed medical records and extracted data on demographic characteristics, clinical and paraclinical features, medication use, and current status. We used a systematic random sampling method to select a control group of 95 transplant recipients who did not have recurrence. Of 3022 total transplant recipients, 76 recipients experienced a recurrence of their underlying disease. Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, underlying disease, recipient blood group, donor sex, donor blood group, and rejection frequency were significantly different between study groups with and without recurrence of underlying diseases. Liver transplant recipients with recurrence had lower mean Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score. Recipients with recurrence also had higher rate of drug consumption (eg, prednisolone, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, sirolimus). Regression analysis showed that donor sex and rejection frequency had an effect on disease recurrence. Death occurred more frequently in liver transplant recipients with recurrence than in the control group (39.5% vs 26.3%), butthe difference was not significant. Donor sex and acute rejection frequency are independent factors predictive of the recurrence of underlying disease. Modifying risk factors can help minimize the recurrence of underlying diseases after liver transplant.

Blood Donation Pattern and Characteristics of Blood Donors in Saudi Arabia

Background: Blood donation rates in Saudi Arabia are relatively low compared to other countries. Understanding the patterns and characteristics of blood donors is crucial for improving donation rates and ensuring a sustainable blood supply. This Study utilizes data from the Wateen App to examine blood donation patterns in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from individuals who registered on the Wateen App. The Study analyzed demographic information, donation frequency, blood group distribution, regional variations, temporal trends, and user satisfaction with the App. Statistical analyses were performed to identify significant findings.Results: The Study found that the majority of registered donors were male, with a higher proportion in the 25-35 age group. Most donors had donated once, while a small percentage had multiple donations. O+ blood group donors constituted the most significant proportion, followed by A+ and B+. The Eastern province had the highest incidence of registered donors. Over the years, there has been a gradual increase in the number of donors. There was no significant correlation between donation numbers and different months, seasons, or Ramadan.Conclusion: This Study provides insights into blood donation patterns in Saudi Arabia. Efforts should be made to address gender disparities, engage a wider age range of donors, promote donations among individuals with less common blood types, and improve donation infrastructure in regions with lower donation rates. The Wateen App has shown positive outcomes in enhancing donor engagement. Further research and collaborative efforts are necessary to improve the blood donation system in Saudi Arabia.

Akkermansia muciniphila exoglycosidases target extended blood group antigens to generate ABO-universal blood.

Matching donor and recipient blood groups based on red blood cell (RBC) surface ABO glycans and antibodies in plasma is crucial to avoid potentially fatal reactions during transfusions. Enzymatic conversion of RBC glycans to the universal group O is an attractive solution to simplify blood logistics and prevent ABO-mismatched transfusions. The gut symbiont Akkermansia muciniphila can degrade mucin O-glycans including ABO epitopes. Here we biochemically evaluated 23 Akkermansia glycosyl hydrolases and identified exoglycosidase combinations which efficiently transformed both A and B antigens and four of their carbohydrate extensions. Enzymatic removal of canonical and extended ABO antigens on RBCs significantly improved compatibility with group O plasmas, compared to conversion of A or B antigens alone. Finally, structural analyses of two B-converting enzymes identified a previously unknown putative carbohydrate-binding module. This study demonstrates the potential utility of mucin-degrading gut bacteria as valuable sources of enzymes for production of universal blood for transfusions.

Understanding the Motives and Intention of Blood Donation during the Pandemic

INTRODUCTION: In every country, an adequate and reliable blood supply can be assured by a stable base of regular, voluntary, and unpaid blood donors. However, with the strike of COVID-19 around the world, fewer donors have come forward to donate blood since the government's movement control order. Therefore, to ensure the blood supply is always sufficient, this study discussed the Malaysians' motivation and intention to donate blood during the COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The structural focus group discussion was conducted among nine informants. The informants are classified into four groups, which are non, first-time, regular, and lapsed (repeated/occasional) blood donors. RESULTS: It indicated that the regular and lapsed group of blood donors were motivated by the satisfaction of donating blood. Meanwhile, first-time donors are motivated to donate blood because of extrinsic rewards. However, the donors attested that the movement control order restricted their movement to go to the blood transfusion center. On the other hand, the non-donor group admitted that they do intend to donate blood. Still, several factors such as work commitment, location, and fear of being infected by COVID-19, hold them from doing so. CONCLUSIONS: These findings will serve as insights for future blood donation disruption remediation, especially during unexpected situations, as well as the success of the Malaysian blood campaign.

Hemostatic activity &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; of lectin-containing substances of bryathypes on the example of some Antarctic and Belarus representatives

BACKGROUND: The modern market of medical devices in Belarus and Russia is represented by a wide range of hemostatic agents, of which the most popular are local hemostatics of plant origin possessing the significant technological potential for renewal and improvement. A promising reserve for this may be biologically active compounds of mosses, which are characterized by anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects. However, their hemostatic effect is almost not studied, which determines the relevance of this work.&#x0D; AIM: The aim of this work is to study the effect of lectin-containing substances from mosses of three species collected in East Antarctica and Belarus on the parameters of human blood hemostasis in vitro.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied mosses of the genera Bryum, Ceratodon, and Coscinodon, collected in the area of the Belarusian Antarctic station Gora Vechernyaya in East Antarctica and in Belarus. Lectin-containing substances of mosses were obtained by extracting shoots in 0.05 M tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), centrifugation, filtration. The assessment of the biological activity of lectin-containing substances in mosses was carried out by the agglutination reaction of rabbit erythrocytes, as well as the effect on human platelet aggregation and in the test for activated partial thromboplastin time.&#x0D; RESULTS: It was established that lectin-containing substances of the studied moss species had agglutinating activity against erythrocytes in the range from 11708.28 (Belarusian samples) to 1333979.59 U/mg of protein (Antarctic samples) depending on the species and localization; initiated the aggregation of human platelets (25–80% of the effect of thrombin) regardless of blood group, Rh and gender of donors; influenced the plasma link of hemostasis, reducing activated partial thromboplastin time (by 15–18%).&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: It was found that some species of mosses of the genera Bryum, Ceratodon and Coscinodon of Antarctica and Belarus had an agglutinating and hemostatic effect on erythrocytes and platelets, with the greatest activity noted for Antarctic species. A hypothesis has been put forward that the observed phenomenon is due to the structural features of proteins, including lectins. It is assumed that lectins are possible inducers of erythrocyte agglutination and platelet aggregation in mosses. It is shown that the moss species Bryum pseudotriquetrum and Ceratodon purpureus have a certain resource potential in Belarus for their annual harvest. The results obtained expand the list of moss species with hemostatic activity, and can be used to develop new hemostatics of plant origin for local use from Belarusian plant materials.

Full annotation of viral metagenomics in different components from Chinese blood donors using next-generation sequencing.

Emerging viruses in the blood of healthy/qualified donors can seriously affect transfusion safety. However, the virus characteristics in different healthy blood donors and blood components are still not fully understood. Buffy coat (BC) and plasma specimens were collected from 32 whole blood donors, and platelet (PLT) and BC specimens from 30 apheresis platelet donors to explore the full annotation of viral metagenomics in different blood components from Chinese blood donors using next-generation sequencing technology. The study detected 56 viruses in the plasma and BC groups of whole blood donors. The plasma group had a significantly higher viral abundance and more types of viruses than the BC group. We detected 20 viruses in the PLT and BC groups of apheresis platelet donors. Viral abundance and types were significantly lower in the BC group than in the PLT group. According to β-diversity analysis, the plasma group had a significantly different community structure and composition than the BC group. Viral nucleic acid is found in the blood of healthy Chinese blood donors, with the highest concentration in plasma, which could explain the distribution of viruses in the blood of healthy individuals.

Blood donation screening for hepatitis B virus core antibodies: The importance of confirmatory testing and initial implication for rare blood donor groups.

Exclusion of blood donors with hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antibodies (anti-HBc) prevents transfusion-transmitted HBV infection but can lead to significant donor loss. As isolated anti-HBc positivity does not always indicate true past HBV infection, we have investigated the effectiveness of confirmatory anti-HBc testing and the representation of rare blood groups in anti-HBc-positive donors. Three hundred ninety-seven HBV surface antigen-negative and anti-HBc initially reactive blood donor samples were tested by five different anti-HBc assays. Eighty percentage of samples reactive in Architect anti-HBc assay were positive by the Murex assay and anti-HBc neutralization. Eleven out of 397 samples showed discordant results in supplementary testing from the Murex confirmatory test result, and five remained undetermined following extensive serological testing. Thirty-eight percentage of anti-HBc-positive donors identified as minority ethnic groups compared with 11% representation in anti-HBc-negative donors (p < 0.0001); the frequency of the Ro blood group in anti-HBc-positive donors was 18 times higher in non-white ethnic groups. Using two anti-HBc assays effectively enabled the identification of HBV-exposed and potentially infectious donors, their deferral and potential clinical follow-up. However, the exclusion of confirmed anti-HBc-positive donors will still impact the supply of rare blood such as Ro.

Successful treatment pure red cell aplasia after ABO major mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with avatrombopag and low dose rituximab.

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with ABO major incompatibility is characterized by transfusion dependent anemia. No standard treatment existed for PRCA following allo-HSCT yet. We conducted a retrospective study, and reported our experience with the use of avatrombopag and lower dose rituximab to treat five patients with PRCA subsequent to major ABO-incompatible allo-HSCT. Five cases of PRCA were identified from 72 patients who underwent allo-HSCT with major or bidirectional ABO mismatch. Cumulative incidence at Day +60 was 6.9% (5/72) at our center. All donor and recipient blood groups were A+ and O+ , respectively. In the first three cases we reported, patients received erythropoietin, plasma exchange, and donor lymphocyte infusion, but none of them had any effect. After 4 weeks of treatment with low dose rituximab (100 mg/week) combined with avatrombopag (40 mg/day), favorable outcomes were obtained. According to the aforementioned experience, Cases 4 and 5 were administered low-dose rituximab and avatrombopag in 3 months after transplantation, and erythroid response was observed on 3 weeks after treatment. Our patients tolerated low-dose rituximab and avatrombopag well and experienced rapid efficacy, with a median duration of 3 weeks. Furthermore, no severe infection or thrombocytosis necessitated a dose adjustment. Low-dose rituximab and avatrombopag may be an effective treatment for patients with PRCA after major ABO-incompatible allo-HSCT. The patients should be treated at least 90 days post transplantation if conventional erythropoietin therapy fails.

Frequency of Rh and Kell antigens among blood donors: A retrospective analysis from a tertiary care center in Eastern India

Objectives: The phenotyping of Rh and Kell antigens plays a major role in preventing alloimmunization and adverse events in multi-transfused patients. This study tries to highlight the frequency of Rh and Kell antigens among the blood donors who donated blood at a tertiary care center located in Eastern India. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, from January 2021 to March 2023 on 10,032 whole blood donors of blood groups A, B, O, and AB by column agglutination technique using gel cards for blood grouping and phenotyping. Results: A total of 10,032 whole blood donors of groups A, B, O, and AB were included in the study. The frequency of “D” antigen was 95.77% (n = 9,608), “C” was 90.47% (n = 9,076), “c” was 50.47% (n = 5,063), “E” was 15.9% (n = 1,595), “e” was 99% (n = 9,932), and “K” was 2.67% (n = 268). “c” antigen frequency was 45.81–49.48% in RhD positive blood groups and 100% in all the RhD negative blood groups while “C” antigen frequency was 92.04–94.68% in RhD positive blood groups, and 4–24.13% in RhD negative blood groups. Conclusion: Since pre-transfusion phenotyping in multi-transfusion patients is not routinely practiced, transfusion of at least Rh and Kell phenotyped donor red cells can lead to a great decrease in the risk of alloimmunization and adverse events related to transfusion.