Dominant Color Research Articles

Pengaruh Merokok terhadap Pembentukan Plak pada Gigi


 Smoking is a bad habit that many people have, but this habit has a bad effect on health. One of the consequences of smoking is the formation of stains on the teeth. This study aims to determine the effect of smoking on the formation of stains on the teeth. This research is descriptive research, which aims to describe the condition of the respondents statistically. The research was conducted in November 2022. The research was carried out for one month by collecting respondent data from all puskesmas in Cirebon Regency, West Java. The research instruments used were interviews and checklists. The instrument records the age, length of smoking, shape of the cigarette and color of the respondent's teeth. Respondent criteria are active smokers from the age of 10 to 60 years and are willing to be research respondents. Respondents in this study numbered 112. The results showed that the color of the respondent's teeth were four colors, namely yellow, black, brown and dark brown. However, the most dominant tooth color was dark brown with a percentage of 55.4% or as many as 62 respondents out of 112 respondents. The conclusion of this study is that smoking can affect the formation of plaque on the teeth. Plaque formation on the teeth is most commonly found with dark brown teeth.

Current levels and composition profiles of microplastics in irrigation water

Land-based sources have been considered the most important sources of microplastic pollution to the coastal and marine environment. The number of research studies examining microplastic pollution in freshwater and inland water systems is increasing, but most research focuses on rivers, reservoirs, and lakes. This study investigated the spatial–temporal distribution, characteristics, sources, and risks of microplastics in irrigation water in Taiwan. The results showed that microplastics were widely and unevenly distributed along the irrigation system and were abundant at sites surrounded by a dense population and sites that received lateral canal and urban runoff input. The abundance of microplastics ranged from 1.88 items/L to 141 items/L, and samples collected in May had the highest microplastic concentrations. Polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene were identified as the predominant polymers. Fibers (36–64%) were the most typical and abundant shape, and 333–1000 μm size (49–63%) and white/transparent (45–51%) were the dominant size and colors among all samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to assess the impact of the rainy season and typhoons and addressed the dramatic changes in distinct population densities. The polymer risk index was calculated to evaluate the environmental risk of microplastics in irrigation water, and the results revealed a high microplastic risk throughout the year except in November and January. This study provided a valuable reference and impetus for a better understanding of the microplastic profile and source apportionment in irrigation water, which was important for environmental management.

Variasi Fenotip Pada Bunga dan Labellum 15 Anggrek Phalaenopsis Hibrida (Orchidaceae)

Indonesia was known as a mega-biodiversity country, one of it were identified as high biodiversity of orchids. One of the very popular orchids is the moon orchid (Phalaenopsis). The phenotypic character of various Phalaenopsis orchids, both species and hybrids, is important to be studied. The purpose of this research was to determine the phenotypic variation in hybrid moon orchids. There are fifteen hybrid orchids that have identified both in flower morphology and labellum. The results showed that there were differences in several qualitative characters: the shape of the sepals, the arrangement of the petals, the shape of the tip of the sepals, the shape of the tip of the petals, the shape of the side pieces and the cuvature of the side pieces. In Phalaenopsis hybrids also found differences in the size of the tentacles position in the labellum. Phalaenopsis has a very wide variety of colors and patterns. Phalaenopsis with the dominant purple flower color found at PH 06, the dominant flower color is pink at PH 01 and PH 09, the dominant flower color is yellow at PH 13 and PH 14, the dominant flower color is white at PH 02, PH 07 and PH 10. PH 03 , PH 04, PH 05, PH 08, PH 12 PH 14, and PH 15 have an even color dominance. As for the color of the labellum itself, the majority of colors and patterns that dominate the labellum are purple, pink, yellow and white.

The Future of Creating Jobs for Vietnamese Workers after Covid-19 Pandemic

The picture of the global economy has experienced a tumultuous year with "dark colours" as the dominant colour due to the severe impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. In December 2020, a vaccine against the acute respiratory infection Covid-19 was released to help control the pandemic and restore economic activity. The world economy has shown significant signs of recovery. Hence, the International Labour Organization (ILO) said that the labour market has begun to recover after unprecedented disruptions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. However, the negative impact of the pandemic is still ongoing. The organization's Covid-19 Impact Report provides the latest figures showing that global working hours in 2020 have decreased by 8.8% compared to Q4 2019. This decline includes the number of working hours reduced for those still employed and those who lost their jobs. Notably, about 71% of people who lost their jobs (equivalent to 81 million people) decided to leave the labour market instead of looking for another job and becoming unemployed (GSO, 2021). This article focuses on analyzing the current situation of job creation for Vietnamese workers after Covid-19, pointing out the achieved results, limitations, causes and some recommendations to promote job creation for Vietnamese workers in the post-Covid-19 context.

Microplastic contamination in coastal waters of South Larompong, Luwu, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Microplastic contamination in the aquatic environment poses a serious threat to the survival of the ecosystem because it is persistent. This study aims to analyze the concentration of microplastics in the water column in the coastal waters of South Larompong. Sampling was carried out using the volume reduce method with the neuston net at four stations, namely Bonepute Beach, Ponnori Beach, Babana Beach and Damaci Beach. The results showed that there was microplastic contamination and found as many as 386 microplastic particles with an average concentration of 2.68 particles/m3. The results of the analysis of microplastic concentrations showed significant differences (P<0.05) between stations. The highest concentrations of microplastics are found on Bonepute Beach which is an area of aquaculture, fishing and densely populated settlements, then followed by Ponnori Beach which is a tourist area. Meanwhile, the lowest microplastic concentrations are found on Babana Beach, which is the estuary area of the Temboe River and Damaci Beach which is a nearby area. Several forms of microplastics were found, namely granules, fibers, films and fragments which were the most dominant forms. Several colors of microplastics were found, namely blue, brown, green, red, white, and black which were the most dominant colors. There are two types of polymer found, namely HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) and PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol). The conclusion of this study is that the coastal waters of South Larompong have been contaminated with microplastics so that more attention is needed regarding the handling of plastic waste, especially microplastics.

Total dominator chromatic number of k-subdivision of graphs

Let G be a simple graph. A total dominator coloring of G, is a proper coloring of the vertices of G in which each vertex of the graph is adjacent to every vertex of some color class. The total dominator chromatic (TDC) number χdt(G) of G, is the minimum number of colors among all total dominator coloring of G. For any k ∈ ℕ, the k-subdivision of G is a simple graph G1/k which is constructed by replacing each edge of G with a path of length k. In this paper, we study the total dominator chromatic number of k-subdivision of G.

Brand meaning and its social categories: A semiotic approach for future marketing

This research aims to decode brand meanings from the logos of two multinational companies and to encode their social categories. The companies chosen for this study are in the technology field. To analyze this issue, a qualitative-descriptive method was used to define the message contained in the logo and express the logo's social categories in a cultural context. A semiotic approach was used to analyze the specified company's logo; results showed that the logo's meaning was conveyed through four dominant colors representing Innovation, Dominance, Variation, and Sophistication. These findings suggest that the companies attempted to achieve higher social categories, implying that they aim to have exclusive control of their products. In conclusion, companies can use its social category to create a new concept for another logo as part of a potential marketing strategy. Later, these findings can be used to create a future marketing strategy.

Microplastic in Sediments and Ingestion Rates in Three Edible Bivalve Mollusc Species in a Southern Philippine Estuary.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11270-022-05926-w.

Phenotypic Characterization and Reproductive Performance of Blackhead Somali Sheep in Fafen Zone of Somali Regional State, Ethiopia

Objective. The study aimed to characterize the reproductive performances and physical characteristics of Blackhead Somali indigenous sheep breeds. Methods. The data from 460 sheep were used for the determination of morphometric characterization while 110 male sheep and 150 females were used to characterize the reproductive performance of Blackhead Somali sheep breeds. Results. Accordingly, about 86% of sheep have a white body with a blackhead as the dominant coat color and about 81% of sheep have a straight facial head profile. Dewlap was present in 92.7% (91.8% for males and 92.7% for females). The overall average body weight, body length, height at wither, height at the rump, heart girth, chest depth, pelvic width, and tail circumference differs significantly (p<0.05) among males and females with the advancement of age. The average age at first service, age at first lambing, lambing interval, and life lamb crop in ewe were 13.75 ± 2.44, 19.12 ± 2.41, 9.66 ± 1.56, and 6.18 ± 2.01, respectively. The average reproductive life span of ewe and ram was 6.04 ± 1.43 and 6.63 ± 1.49 years, respectively. On average Blackhead Somali ewe delivers 13.1 ± 4.3 lambs in her lifetime. The twinning and triplet rate were recorded to be 12.30% and 1.90%, respectively. Conclusion. In conclusion, shorter lambing intervals, higher adult body weight, and frequent twinning are the most desirable features which may also be used as selection criteria. It is recommended to do further detailed analyses to determine the genetic variation between and within these small populations to develop an effective conservation and utilization program.

Lead and chromium in European road paints

Lead chromate was commonly employed as a pigment in coloured road markings until restrictions led to the development of safer alternatives. In this study, the presence and concentrations of Pb and Cr have been determined in 236 road paints of various colours sampled from streets, highways, footways and carparks from eleven European countries. According to energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Pb was detected (>10 mg kg−1) in 148 samples at concentrations up to 17.2% by weight, and above 1000 mg kg−1 yellow was the dominant paint colour. Lead concentrations on an area basis varied from 0.02 to 8.46 mg cm−2 and the metal was located at different depths amongst the samples, suggesting that formulations had been painted both recently and historically (and overpainted). Chromium was detected (>5 to 50 mg kg−1) in 81 samples at concentrations between 20 and 20,000 mg kg−1 and most often in yellow paints, and concentrations co-varied with those of Pb. These observations, and results of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, suggested that heterogeneously dispersed PbCrO4 was the dominant, but not the only, Pb-based pigment in the samples. Although there were significant international differences in frequency of Pb detection and median Pb concentrations, overall, and despite various, albeit complex, regulations, recent or extant road paint pigmented with Pb and Cr remains a pervasive environmental problem and a potential health risk in many European countries.

Exploring the law of color presentation of double-sided heterochromatic digital printing for textile

With the upgrading of production technology and design aesthetic of textile products, the development and application of double-sided digital printing technology have been gradually proposed in recent years. The production of double-sided heterochromatic digital printing requires high accuracy for color management, as in the production process, different input devices, display devices, and output devices each have varying color processing capabilities and color performance characteristics, which leads to the transfer of color between different devices and not being accurately reproduced. However, there is little research involved in the color formation laws in the design and production of double-sided heterochromatic digital printing. The purpose of this paper is to explore the prediction model of color presentation in double-sided heterochromatic digital printing. Due to the influence of the fabric thickness, the gap between the textile structure, and the infiltration rate of the printing pigments, the color of each side in double-sided, heterochromatic printing results often differs from the designed color. In this paper, taking chiffon fabric, which is one of the thinnest and has the strongest permeability in silk fabric, as an example fabric base, 24 colors from six hue angles and four chromas were selected as experimental colors. According to the color gamut of the digital printing machine, 15 out of 24 colors were selected as experimental colors. These 15 colors were printed on two sides in pairs to generate 225 color pairs as double-sided experimental samples. For these experimental samples, this paper conducts experiments from both subjective and objective aspects through the combination of subjective evaluation of psychophysics experiments and objective instrument measurement. Through the analysis of experimental data, the color difference prediction under the subjective model (R2 = 0.74) and objective model (R2 = 0.85) are given, respectively. The dominant color prediction model (R2 = 0.75) during double-sided heterochromatic digital printing has also been built. The combination of the three models can predict the color regularity of double-sided heterochromatic digital printing on silk, which may have a certain significance for the design and development of silk double-sided heterochromatic digital printing products.

Pengaruh Morfometrik Serta Indeks Ukuran Tubuh Terhadap Litter Size Pada Berbagai Paritas Kambing Lokal Indonesia

The development of broodstock productivity is a very important part of increasing the livestock population, especially goats as prolific animals. The alternative method used as a reference in an effort to improve the quality of the broodstock is to set standards using the livestock body size index. This study aims to determine the effect of morphometric and body size index on litter size in Indonesian local goats at various parities. This research was conducted in 2 (two) locations, namely Lempake sub-district, Samarinda, and PT. Equalindo Farm, Kutai Kartanegara. The research was carried out from December 2021 until February 2022 with a purposive sampling method and total sampling, namely sampling according to the criteria determined by the researcher, namely ewe in Etawa crossbreed (PE) goats and Jawarandu goats that had experienced parity 1 to parity 4. Regression and correlation analysis were used as research data analysis. The results of the research on qualitative characteristics showed that the PE goat showed the dominant coat color was black and white with a percentage of 84.61%, while in Jawarandu it was dominated by black with a percentage of 33.33%. Observations on the parity of the body size of the PE and Jawarandu goats showed that the increasing parity of the broodstock had an effect on the addition of morphometrics to the broodstock. The goat's morphometric condition is able to have an influence on the presence of a body size index, both breeders and industry can make selections in choosing mother goats.Meanwhile, the effect of body size index on litter size shows that the greater the body size index, the greater the litter size that will be produced by the ewe goat.

Occurrence and Distribution of Microplastics from Nepal's Second Largest Lake.

Due to its harmful impact on biota, microplastic pollution is the top priority research in many countries. However, there is hardly any research on microplastic pollution in Nepal’s freshwater. Therefore, the present research was accomplished in Phewa Lake to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of microplastic contamination in shoreline sediments. The average abundance of microplastic varied from 55 to 122.5 items/kg dry weight (dw). The highest value appeared on densely populated eastern side of the lake and the western region reported the lowest concentration of microplastic. With regard to the shape, fibers dominated the sediments of Phewa Lake accounting for 62.03%. The dominant color was transparent (23.53%) followed by blue (21.39%). The size category 0.2–1 mm recorded the highest abundance of microplastic. Similarly, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveal the dominant polymer type as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). The outcome of this result adds a step toward filling the existing knowledge gap and providing a database on microplastic pollution in Nepal’s freshwater.

K-MEANS WITH SAMPLING FOR DETERMINING PROMINENT COLORS IN IMAGES

A tool that quickly calculates the dominant colors of an image can be very useful in image processing. The k-means clustering algorithm has this potential since it partitions a set of data into n clusters and returns a representative data point from each cluster. We discuss k-means with sampling for images, which applies k-means clustering to a random sample of image pixels. We found that even with a small random sample of pixels from the image, k-means with sampling exhibits no significant loss of correctness. We examine the usefulness and limitations of k-means clustering in determining the prominent colors of an image and identifying trends in large sets of image data.

К вопросу определения блеска непрозрачных защитно-декоративных покрытий на древесине и древесных материалах

A significant problem in the production of furniture is an objective assessment of the reflective properties of coating surfaces by gloss. Instrument readings are influenced by various factors such as color, saturation, lightness of the surface, roughness of the coating surface under study, the refractive index of a colored substance, etc. The calculations showed that the coefficients of absorption and reflection of visible radiation for colored substances are insignificant over 10 %. Although when light is reflected from the surface of a colored substance, the dominant wavelength range of the visible radiation spectrum is observed, which characterizes color, but its energy characteristics in relation to the reflected flux are insignificant. The total reflected flux characterizes the gloss of the coating, and the dominant color flux characterizes the color of the substance. For colored substances, it is not possible to use the refractive index in optical calculations. When absorbing and reflecting the visible spectrum of radiation from colored substances, anomalous dispersion is observed (the values of the refractive index change according to various dependencies inside the light absorption band and beyond it). The use of known gloss meters for assessing the gloss of opaque colored protective and decorative coatings requires the improvement of existing methods or the development of new ones that allow solving the multifactorial problem of influencing the gloss of color, saturation, lightness and roughness of the studied surfaces.

SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF LOGO USE ON THE ONLINE TRANSPORTATION APPLICATION

With the number of online transportation companies, there will be competition to attract consumer interest. Each company has its own way of introducing the products or services that they offer, from designing a logo that is used as a brand for the company until the features that can attract consumer interest. The use of Logo as a brand of the company is a point of identification; and symbols that customers use to identify their brand. Ideally, each company creates the logo so that it can directly connect consumers with the company. The purpose of this research is to dig out what is the meaning of logo or symbol of online transportation providers as the company's identity based on the colors and fonts used. Through a qualitative approach, data is obtained from a sample of logos issued officially from the largest online transportation service company in Indonesia, there are Gojek, Uber, Grab, and Maxim. The findings of this research is the Logo’s meaning of each online transportation providers represent their character based on font and color use. Most of them used wordmarks as the character and identity to be easily recognized by the public, and to convey brand attributes and brand positioning. The color that mostly used by the online transportation company is green and black as the dominant color as a symbol of their existence for tired people, means that they can be the solution for their movement, and also immovable, means that they are strong and undefeated. While font use by those company are sans serif and Egyptian, if we compare between the use of color and font, they have same purposes which shown as a symbol of strong and efficient.

Interaction of Microplastic Presence and Oxidative Stress in Freshwater Fish: A Regional Scale Research, East Anatolia of Türkiye (Erzurum & Erzincan & Bingöl)

The presence of microplastic (MP) in different fish species taken from stations in Erzurum, Erzincan and Bingöl was examined. The obtained data were classified and shared with the scientific world as the first record made in this region. In the obtained results, the most dominant color was black (39–58%) and the most prevalent forms were fragment and fiber. The sizes (0–50, 50–100 µm) of microplastics differed according to the region and species. When the number of MPs in the gastrointestinal systems of different fish species in the Bingöl, Erzurum and Erzincan provinces was evaluated, the most microplastics were found in Squalius squalus (20.7%) and Blicca bjoerkna (18.2%) in Bingöl province from among six different species. In Erzincan province, four fish species were sampled, and the rates were (29.7%) in Capoeta umbla and (26.6%) in Blicca bjoerkna. The highest abundance in Erzurum province was determined in Cyprinus carpio (53.0%). In the analyses performed on liver tissues, the highest ROS, which is the indicator of oxidative damage, was listed as Bingöl > Erzincan > Erzurum, while MDA levels were recorded as Bingöl > Erzurum > Erzincan, from high to low. When the differences between species were examined, the highest SOD and CAT activity was determined in the Mugil cephalus species. Considering the total MP numbers in fish samples, 47 MP was determined in this species. On the other hand, in the Squalius squalus species, where the highest total MP was determined, SOD and CAT activities were found to be low in Bingöl province. Therewithal, the high levels of ROS and MDA in this species can be said to induce oxidative stress due to the presence of microplastics on the one hand and to reduce antioxidant levels on the other hand. When the findings were evaluated, it was concluded that MPs in freshwater are a potential stressor, and freshwater environments may represent a critical target habitat for future MP removal and remediation strategies.

Adaptive optics in the Arctic? A commentary on Fosbury and Jeffery.

Adaptive optics in the Arctic? A commentary on Fosbury and Jeffery.

Domination and dominator coloring of neighborhood corona of certain graphs

A dominator coloring of a graph G is a proper coloring of G in which each vertex of the graph dominates every vertex of some color class. The dominator chromatic number of G is the minimum number of color classes in a dominator coloring of G. When operation on graphs is performed on classes of graphs result from the new class of graphs are obtained. The neighborhood corona is one such operation on graphs, having interesting applications as well. In this paper we study this operation on certain graph classes and discuss the bounds in terms of domination number and dominator chromatic number.

Textural characteristics and abundance of microplastics in Tecolutla beach sediments, Gulf of Mexico.

Abundance of microplastics in coastal sediments is considered an emerging pollution problem worldwide. In Mexico, studies focused on microplastics in coastal sediments are little. In this study, we analyzed the textural characteristics and investigated the abundance of microplastics in the Tecolutla beach sediments, SW Gulf of Mexico. The extraction of microplastics in sediments was done by density separation. Microplastics were identified by stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy, and were classified based on their morphology, color, length, texture, and abundance. Among 181 microplastics, fiber type is predominant (number of microplastics n = 166; 92%) and followed by film (n = 12; 6%) and fragment (n = 3; 2%) types. The most abundant color of microplastics is black (n = 81; 45%) and second dominant color is blue (n = 65; 36%); most of them are fiber type. Based on the textural characteristics of sediments, it was observed that microplastics were derived from the fluvial contribution of the Tecolutla River and were deposited in the coastal environment by ocean currents. This study revealed that the abundance of microplastics was high in fine-grained sediments and was directly proportional to skewness. The results of this study can act as a reference for understanding the abundance of microplastics in the Gulf of Mexico coastal sediments.