Dominant Radiation Research Articles

A study on active structural acoustic control using force radiation modes

Active Structural Acoustic Control (ASAC) is an effective method for sound radiation control. To solve the coupling effect or inconvenience problems existed in the application of conventional methods, by utilizing the characteristic of intuitive representation of radiated sound power through force radiation modes, the control forces are designed to make the total excitation force vector orthogonal to each dominant force radiation mode. Therefore, an ASAC method by utilizing force radiation modes is proposed, and detailed theoretical research and numerical calculation analysis are carried out. The research results indicate that the control force requirement can be intuitively obtained through the force radiation modes, and decoupled control of radiated sound power corresponding to each force radiation mode is achieved by the proposed method. Thus, the control strategy and system construction can be greatly simplified, and structural acoustic radiation can be effectively controlled.

Polarization from a Radially Stratified GRB Outflow

While the dominant radiation mechanism of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) remains a question of debate, synchrotron emission is one of the foremost candidates to describe the multi-wavelength afterglow observations. As such, it is expected that GRBs should present some degree of polarization across their evolution—presenting a feasible means of probing these bursts’ energetic and angular properties. Although obtaining polarization data is difficult due to the inherent complexities regarding GRB observations, advances are being made, and theoretical modeling of synchrotron polarization is now more relevant than ever. In this manuscript, we present the polarization for a fiduciary model, where the synchrotron FS emission evolving in the radiative–adiabatic regime is described by a radially stratified off-axis outflow. This is parameterized with a power-law velocity distribution and decelerated in a constant-density and wind-like external environment. We apply this theoretical polarization model for two select GRBs, presenting upper limits in their polarization—GRB 170817A, a known off-axis GRB with radio polarization upper limits, and GRB 190014C, an on-axis case, where the burst was seen from within the half-opening angle of the jet, with observed optical polarization—in an attempt to constrain their magnetic field geometry in the emitting region.

Potential of thermal protection improvements in large-scale cryostat development

Tremendous efforts are being pursued by experimentalists worldwide in the designing of cryostats to minimize the most dominant radiation heat load over the cryogenic liquid kept inside it. These endeavors are imperative to secure the safe, consistent, and reliable performance of detectors, notably for experiments delving into the investigation of rare physics events, particularly those moving towards ton-scale capacities. In these experiments, maintaining a stable temperature of the cryogenic liquid is crucial. This stability helps in minimizing thermal noise and reducing the loss of cryogenic liquid by mitigating its evaporation rate, and this can be accomplished by reducing the ambient heat load coming from the outer hot wall towards the inner cold wall of the cryostat. Current work scrutinized the impacts of having no insulation, a single-layer insulation, and Multilayer Insulation (MLI) techniques on thermal protection from environmental heat loads at the cryostat’s cold wall boundary, with a particular emphasis on the effectiveness of a single-layer insulation strategy against radiative heat load, a key precursor to MLI technology. The effectiveness of single-layer insulation was quantitatively analyzed for reducing heat load in large-scale rare event searches, using GERDA as an illustrative example and focusing on an optimized configuration. Performance metrics include ambient temperature, cryogenic liquid, emissivity, and the placement of insulation for optimal efficiency. The incorporation of a single intermediate layer positioned near the cold wall boundary results in a significant heat load reduction of 57% for the GERDA geometry compared to a scenario without such a layer. A feasible decrease in emissivity from the customary O(0.01) for insulation materials down to O(0.001–0.0001) could bring about substantial reductions in heat load, potentially by factors spanning approximately 8 to 90. In the scenario involving liquid helium (4.15 K), for example, as the ambient temperature surrounding the cryogen is lowered to (200, 150, 100, 50) K from room temperature, the heat load diminishes by 80%, 94%, 98.8%, and 99.9%, respectively. Moreover, optimally positioning single intermediate layer, crafted from ultra-radiopure material, as close as achievable to the cold wall boundary with minimal emissivity can yield a substantial reduction in heat load, estimated ∼(40–60)%, thereby diminishing the evaporation rate of the cryogenic liquid.

The leakage field characteristics of a large hybrid electromagnetic pulse simulator.

The leakage field of a hybrid electromagnetic pulse simulator with horizontal polarization is simulated and experimentally investigated based on the finite integration technique in this paper. The field distribution characteristics and far-field radiation pattern of the simulator are given. The attenuation characteristics of the electric field at specific directions in the z = 2m plane are also predicted by numerical data fitting. Finally, according to the ICNIRP guidelines, the safe distances that satisfy the occupational and public exposure limits are obtained, and the safety regions lower than the reference levels are given. Results show that the electric field in the α = 0° direction is mainly contributed by the main polarization component (Ey), while the total electric field in the α = 90° direction also requires consideration of the vertical component (Ez). The dominant radiation direction in the z = 2m plane lies between α = 0° and 30°, which poses the highest demand for the safe distance around the simulator. In addition, impedance mismatch and ground reflection are the main factors affecting the waveforms of the radiated electric field.

Statistical Analysis of Pulsar Flux Density Distribution

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the spectral properties of 886 pulsars across a wide frequency range from 20 MHz–343.5 GHz, including a total of 86 millisecond pulsars (MSPs). The majority of the pulsars exhibit power-law behavior in their spectra, although some exceptions are observed. Five different spectral models, namely, simple power law, broken power law, low-frequency turnover, high-frequency cutoff, and double turnover, were employed to explore the spectral behaviors. The average spectral index for pulsars modeled with a simple power law is found to be −1.64 ± 0.80, consistent with previous studies. Additionally, significant correlations between the spectral index and characteristic parameters are observed, particularly in MSPs, while no strong correlation is observed in normal pulsars. Different models show variations in the most influential characteristic parameters associated with the spectral index, indicating diverse dominant radiation mechanisms in MSPs. Finally, this study identifies 22 pulsars of the gigahertz-peaked spectra type for the first time based on the Akaike information criterion.

Incidence and severity of acute radiation induced toxicities among breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy at a major cancer treatment center in Ghana

BackgroundAdjuvant radiotherapy after mastectomy or breast conserving surgery (BCS) is the standard of care for majority of patients with breast cancer. This is however associated with mucosal and epidermal toxicity of organs at risk (OARs). Breast cancer patients are exposed to a plethora of wrong perceptions, misinformation and myths concerning the usefulness and adverse effects of radiotherapy. There is paucity of literature on the incidence and severity of radiation-induced acute toxicities experienced by patients with breast cancer in Ghana. AimTo assess the occurrence and severity of four main acute radiation-induced toxicities among female breast cancer patients treated with external beam radiotherapy at a major cancer treatment centre in Ghana. MethodsData on the occurrence of acute toxicities among patients was collected from patients' medical records, through a semi-structured questionnaire and via weekly clinical assessments. The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grading scale (version 4.0) was used to grade the severity of these toxicities. Descriptive and inferential statistics using an independent two-sampled t-test (two-tailed), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed. ResultsDermatitis, fatigue, pharyngitis, and breast (chest) pain were the radiation toxicities found among the breast cancer patients undergoing treatment on the two machines. The mean predominant radiation doses associated with the onset of dermatitis, fatigue, pharyngitis, and chest pain in the breast cancer patients were 22.32 Gy, 22.48 Gy, 13.59 Gy, and 19.27 Gy respectively for treatment with a statistically significant (p = 0.0173). Radiation dermatitis was the most dominant acute radiation toxicity recorded, and its incidence and severity. The range of Fisher's p-values (0.689–0.999) between the acute radiation toxicities with both machines revealed no statistical significance. ConclusionRadiation dermatitis was the dominant acute toxicity, both in incidence and severity for patients treated. There was no statistical significance in the incidence and severity of acute radiation side effects.

Investigation on thermal feedback and combustion characteristics of wall-attached pool fires with different aspect ratios and orientations induced by sidewall

The occurrence of pool fires adjacent to a sidewall poses significant risks. To investigate fire source combustion characteristics and thermal feedback of sidewall-attached fires, experiments involving rectangular heptane pool fires with varying aspect ratios and pool orientation relative to sidewall were conducted. The flame tilting behavior, temperature near sidewall, thermal transfer process and air entrainment effects of rectangular pool fires were studied. The findings show that triangular flame shape in parallel arrangements and flame separation of perpendicular setups attribute to the unbalanced air entrainment near sidewall. Perpendicular pools lead to lower temperatures near sidewall surface caused by flame separation. The mass loss rate (MLR) of parallel pool fires initially decreases with n driven by thermal radiation from the flame. It is followed by an increase due to thermal conduction and thermal radiation through the sidewall, with a threshold value at n = 3. The MLR of perpendicular pools decreases continuously owing to the dominance of total thermal radiation. Finally, based on the air entrainment theory, a quantitative correlation between the flame height and n relative to sidewall is proposed. This is also validated by experimental and previous research data.

Instabilities in the yellow hypergiant domain

ABSTRACT Yellow hypergiants (YHGs) are massive stars that are commonly interpreted to be in a post-red supergiant evolutionary state. These objects can undergo outbursts on time-scales of decades, which are suspected to be due to instabilities in the envelope. To test this conjecture, the stability of envelope models for YHGs with respect to infinitesimal, radial perturbations is investigated. Violent strange mode instabilities with growth rates in the dynamical regime are identified if the luminosity-to-mass ratio exceeds ≈104 in solar units. For the observed parameters of YHGs, we thus predict instability. The strange mode instabilities persist over the entire range of effective temperatures from red to blue supergiants. Due to short thermal time-scales and dominant radiation pressure in the envelopes of YHGs, a non-adiabatic stability analysis is mandatory and an adiabatic analysis being the basis of the common perception is irrelevant. Contrary to the prevailing opinion, the models considered here do not exhibit any adiabatic instability.

The effect of litter decomposition mostly depends on seasonal variation of ultraviolet radiation rather than species in a hyper-arid desert

Introduction: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is believed to play a significant role in accelerating litter decomposition in water-limited ecosystems. Litter traits also influence the decomposition. However, the dominance of litter traits and ultraviolet radiation on litter decomposition in hyper-arid deserts (annual precipitation: potential evaporation < 0.05) with diverse species and seasonal variations remain unclear.Methods: To address this knowledge gap, we examined the decomposition of three dominant litter species (Karelinia caspia, Alhagi sparsifolia, and Populus euphratica) in the southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert, Northwest China.Results: Our results revealed that under UV radiation conditions, K. caspia, A. sparsifolia, and P. euphratica experienced mass losses of 45.4%, 39.8%, and 34.9%, respectively, and 20%, 22.2% and 17.4%, respectively under UV filtering treatment. Specifically, the loss rate of carbon and lignin under UV radiation, was 2.5 and 2.2 times higher than under UV filtering treatment, respectively.Conclusion: UV radiation did not dominate decomposition throughout the year in our study area, and the loss rate of litter traits was significantly higher in summer than in winter under UV radiation. Moreover, this photodegradation is related to the intensity of UV exposure, but not to precipitation or temperature. Surprisingly, species type had no significant effect on litter decomposition. However, when we applied a UV filtering treatment, we observed higher loss rates of nitrogen compared with the ambient treatment, suggesting the involvement of other spectra in the litter decomposition process. Overall, our findings elucidate that UV radiation is a crucial factor that affects litter mass loss. The magnitude of this effect mostly varies with the season rather than the species of litter.

Prompt GRB polarization from non-axisymmetric jets

ABSTRACT Time-resolved linear polarization (Π) measurements of the prompt gamma-ray burst emission can reveal its dominant radiation mechanism. A widely considered mechanism is synchrotron radiation, for which linear polarization can be used to probe the jet’s magnetic-field structure, and in turn its composition. In axisymmetric jet models, the polarization angle (PA) can only change by 90°, as Π temporarily vanishes. However, some time-resolved measurements find a continuously changing PA, which requires the flow to be non-axisymmetric in at least one out of its emissivity, bulk Lorentz factor, or magnetic field. Here, we consider synchrotron emission in non-axisymmetric jets, from an ultrarelativistic thin shell, comprising multiple radially expanding mini-jets (MJs) or emissivity patches within the global jet, that yield a continuously changing PA. We explore a wide variety of possibilities with emission consisting of a single pulse or multiple overlapping pulses, presenting time-resolved and integrated polarization from different magnetic field configurations and jet angular structures. We find that emission from multiple incoherent MJs/patches reduces the net polarization due to partial cancellation in the Stokes plane. When these contain a large-scale ordered field in the plane transverse to the radial direction, Π always starts near maximal and then declines over the single pulse or shows multiple highly polarized peaks due to multiple pulses. Observing $\Pi \lesssim 40~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (15 per cent) integrated over one (several) pulse(s) will instead favour a shock-produced small-scale field either ordered in the radial direction or tangled in the plane transverse to it.

Understanding the Characteristics of Vertical Structures for Wind Speed Observations via Wind-LIDAR on Jeju Island

Wind observations at multiple levels (40–200 m) have been conducted over a five-year time period (2016–2020) on Jeju Island of South Korea. This study aims to understand the vertical and temporal characteristics of the lower atmosphere. Jeju Island is a region located at mid-latitude and is affected by seasonal wind. The maximum wind speed occurs in the relatively lower altitudes during daytime and is delayed in the relatively higher altitude after sunset in a diurnal cycle. In the summer season, the altitudes appear earlier than in other seasons via the dominant solar radiation effect during daytime, and the altitude after sunset increases up to 160 m. However, the maximum wind speed in the winter season occurs irregularly among altitudes, and it is lower than that in the summer season. This can be attributed to the increase in the mean wind speed in the diurnal cycle caused by the strong northwestern wind in the winter season. These results imply that the relationship between near-surface and higher altitudes is primarily affected by solar radiation and seasonal winds. These results are expected to contribute to site selection criteria for wind farms.

Entropy generation in magnetohydrodynamic radiative non-Darcy slip flow of a Casson nanofluid with Hall effects and activation energy

The present research work examines the entropy generation in the magnetohydrodynamic second-order slip flow of Casson nanofluid surpassing a horizontal stretching sheet inside a non-Darcy porous medium under the dominance of Hall current and nonlinear thermal radiation. The present model is made more realistic by taking second-order velocity slip flow. The energy field is pursued by incorporating the consequences of distinctive viscous dissipation and Joule heating. The chemical reaction incited by activation energy is comprised in the current exploration. A substantive mathematical problem is modeled by assigning nonlinear partial differential equations together with second-order velocity slip and convective boundary conditions. A compatible similarity transformation comprised is exerted to produce a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with competent boundary conditions. The resulting mathematical model is numerically solved via the spectral quasi-linearization method. The present article deals with an in-depth exploration of the characteristics of diagnostic flow parameters against the-flow field and other efficient physical quantities with the help of distinctive graphs and tables. As per the regression analysis, the maximum relative error for the reduced Nusselt number ranging from .000090231% to .00015936% is less than that of the other physical quantities. Magnetic force, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion assist in lessening the heat transport rate, but it gets enriched under the Hall current effects. For the increasing Casson parameter, fluid movement tends to rise near the sheet’s surface and gets decelerated afterwards. The intense Hall current accelerates the Casson fluid’s motion. But the velocity components in xandz-directions become abated across the flow region due to increasing the first-order velocity slip parameter. Besides, the enhancement in the magnitude of the second-order velocity slip parameter undermines the velocity components in xandz-directions.

Modified models of radiation pressure instability applied to 10, 105, and 107 M⊙ accreting black holes

Context. Some accreting black holes exhibit much stronger variability patterns than the usual stochastic variations. Radiation pressure instability is one of the proposed mechanisms that might account for this effect. Aims. We model luminosity changes for objects with a black hole mass of 10, 105, and 107 solar masses, using the time-dependent evolution of an accretion disk that is unstable as a result of the dominant radiation pressure. We concentrate on the outburst timescales. We explore the influence of the hot coronal flow above the cold disk, the inner purely hot flow, and the effect of the magnetic field on the time evolution of the disk-corona system. For intermediate-mass black holes and active galactic nuclei, we also explore the role of the disk outer radius because a disk that is fed by tidal disruption events (TDE) can be quite small. Methods. We used a 1D vertically integrated time-dependent numerical scheme that models the simultaneous evolution of the disk and corona, which is coupled by the vertical mass exchange. We parameterized the strength of the large-scale toroidal magnetic fields according to a local accretion rate. We also discuss a possible inner optically thin flow, the advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF). This flow would require modification of the inner boundary condition of the cold disk flow. For the set of the global parameters, we calculated the variability timescales and outburst amplitudes of the disk and the corona. Results. We found that the role of the inner ADAF and the accreting corona are relatively unimportant, but the outburst character strongly depends on the magnetic field and on the outer radius of the disk if this radius is smaller (due to the TDE phenomenon) than the size of the instability zone in a stationary disk with infinite radius. For microquasars, the dependence on the magnetic field is monotonic, and the period decreases with the field strength. For higher black hole masses, the dependence is nonmonotonic, and an initial rise of the period is later replaced with a relatively rapid decrease as the magnetic field continues to rise. A still stronger magnetic field stabilizes the disk. When we assumed a smaller disk outer radiusfor 105 and 107 M⊙, the outbursts were shorter and led to complex multiscale outbursts for some parameters, thus approaching the behavior of deterministic chaos. Conclusions. Our computations confirm that the radiation pressure instability model can account for heartbeat states in microquasars. The rapid variability detected in intermediate-mass black holes in the form of quasi-periodic eruptions can be consistent with the model, but only when it is combined with the TDE phenomenon. The yearly repeating variability in changing-look active galactic nuclei in our model also requires a small outer radius either due to the recent TDE or due to the gap in the disk that is related to a secondary black hole.

DESIGN OF A COMPACT BROADBAND ANTENNA USING CHARACTERISTIC MODE ANALYSIS FOR MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS

A compact broadband antenna of dimensions 27 mm x 28 mm x 1.6 mm and with good impedance matching is designed for high-bandwidth radio systems with a short range. To improve the impedance matching, two rectangular slots are created on the radiating element, and the ground plane size is reduced to extend the ultra-wideband frequency band. The antenna bandwidth and radiation performance are analysed using characteristic mode theory (TCM). The performance is compared to the desired specifications, and the shape and size are modified to produce efficient radiation and dominant radiation patterns. The findings clearly demonstrate that the six modes are resonant with (λn = 0). This implies that the eigenvalues of the six modes contribute strongly to dominant electromagnetic radiation and have high modal significance values around 1 at their respective frequencies. Furthermore, the characteristic angle indicates that the antenna resonates at 180°, since the six modes intersect the axis line at 180° at their respective frequencies. Experimental results show a bandwidth of 109.7% between 5.64 and 19.34 GHz, a maximum gain of 6.3 dB, and a maximum efficiency of approximately 86.5%. These results make this antenna a versatile and effective choice for a wide variety of communications and electronics applications and easy to install in narrow spaces due to its easy design characteristics, small size, and light weight.

RADIATION AND HALL CURRENT IMPRESSIONS ON NEWTONIAN AND BINGHAM FLUIDS FLOW PAST A STRETCHING SURFACE

The continuous two-dimensional MHD nanofluid flow across a nonlinear stretching sheet has been investigated in this work. In this paper, the study was done in the presence of both Hall current and radiation. The nonlinear partial differential equations were first regulated using boundary layer approximation, and then the governing equations were converted into an ordinary system of differential equations using appropriate similarity solutions. The numerical simulations were carried out using the Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration approach and a six-order Runge-Kutta integration scheme where a programming language called FORTRAN was used as assistance. The outcomes of the problem related equations have been narrated briefly and displayed by various graph. The dominance of the stretching parameter and combined effects of Hall current together with thermal radiation on velocity profiles, temperature profiles, and concentration profiles, as well as important physical phenomena like skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number, were examined with the help of various graphs. The implications of material and magnetic factors on primary velocity, Prandtl number on temperature profiles, and Lewis number on concentration profiles have been visually depicted. The dominance of Hall current and radiation at the same time, as well as the impression of stretching parameter, have been determined to be more effective on Bingham fluid. It has application in drug delivery. It can be used to administer drugs. Because fluidity takes a particular level of shear stress to produce, it may be focused to medication delivery in certain muscles or organs by regulating injection pressure and other drug delivery devices.

CFD modeling of ethylene degradation in gas-phase photocatalytic reactors.

Photocatalytic oxidation is a promising technology to degrade volatile organic compounds. The performance of photocatalytic reactors is affected by the hydrodynamics, radiation transfer, mass transfer and reaction kinetics. Baffles may improve the hydrodynamics. The effect of baffles on heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of gas-phase ethylene in three annular reactors is simulated using computational fluid dynamics. ANSYS Fluent is used to solve all governing equations. Baffles can improve the uniformity of flow and prolong the residence time. The residence time of the C-type reactor and B-type reactor is 0.5% greater than the unbaffled reactor. Baffles have little effect on the radiation distribution. The concentric arrangement of lamp and the reactor leads to a radial dominance of radiation. The effect of baffles on the diffusion of ethylene is complex. The effective diffusion coefficient at the catalyst surface in the C-type reactor decreases 9.5% and that in the B-type reactor increases 3% with respect to the unbaffled reactor. The outlet ethylene concentration is 4.19 ppmv for the U-type reactor, 3.93 ppmv for the C-type reactor and 3.62 ppmv for the B-type reactor. The optimal performance in the B-type reactor is due to the large diffusion coefficient of ethylene. The arrangement of baffles should enlarge the effective diffusion coefficient at the catalyst surface as far as possible.

Modeling regional propagation of infrasonic Mach cone energy from a supersonic source

Supersonic sources such as bolides, aircraft, and rocket launches are known to produce a wide range of acoustic and infrasonic signals. The lower frequency infrasonic component of these signals can propagate large distances through the atmosphere due to the decreased thermo-viscous losses at low frequency and presence of temperature and wind induced infrasonic waveguides so that signals are often detected at regional distances of hundreds of kilometers. The dominant radiator of energy from such sources is the Mach cone signal that emanates from the source with very specific geometry. Ray tracing analysis using a Mach cone source model to predict infrasonic signals at regional distances will be presented and several parametric studies and comparisons with observed signals from several representative supersonic sources will be presented.

Nonlinear model predictive control of a radiative heating process with movable radiators

AbstractA nonlinear model predictive control concept for a heating process with dominant radiation and movable radiators is derived. Such processes can be described by a nonlinear integro‐partial differential equation with full domain coupling for the thermal subsystem and an ordinary differential equation for the mechanical subsystem. For model‐based control, a reduced‐order model based on a tailored proper orthogonal decomposition Galerkin approach is used. To enable real‐time capability, a rigorous formulation of the optimization problem is presented, which allows to split the optimization problem into two subproblems using a separation of time scales. These subproblems are subsequently simplified by employing averaging methods and appropriate analytical solutions. An extensive simulation study illustrates the high performance and fast calculation times of the proposed control concept.

Photodissociation and X-Ray-Dominated Regions

The radiation from stars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) creates photodissociation regions (PDRs) and X-ray-dominated regions (XDRs), where the chemistry or heating is dominated by far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation or X-ray radiation, respectively. PDRs include a wide range of environments, from the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) to dense star-forming regions. XDRs are found in the center of galaxies hosting AGNs, in protostellar disks, and in the vicinity of X-ray binaries. In this review, we describe the dominant thermal, chemical, and radiation transfer processes in PDRs and XDRs, as well as give a brief description of models and their use for analyzing observations. We then present recent results from Milky Way, nearby extragalactic, and high-redshift observations. Several important results include the following: ▪ Velocity-resolved PDR lines reveal the kinematics of the neutral atomic gas and provide constraints on the stellar feedback process. Their interpretation is, however, in dispute, as observations suggest a prominent role for stellar winds, whereas they are much less important in theoretical models. ▪ A significant fraction of molecular mass resides in CO-dark gas especially in low-metallicity and/or highly irradiated environments. ▪ The CO ladder and [Ci]/[Cii] ratios can determine if FUV or X rays dominate the ISM heating of extragalactic sources. ▪ With Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, PDR and XDR tracers are now routinely detected on galactic scales over cosmic time. This makes it possible to link the star-formation history of the Universe to the evolution of the physical and chemical properties of the gas.

Analysis of the vibro-acoustic behaviours of underwater reinforced rectangular plates

In this paper, the vibration and sound radiation of underwater stiffened plates with arbitrary boundary condition have been studied. The vibration of the structure is described by an improved Fourier series, the water-load acts on the structure is solved by Rayleigh integral, and the dynamic response is solved by an energy method. The results show that the increase of plate thickness and boundary constraint can enhance the vibration and sound transformation ability of underwater rectangular plate, and the mechanism is that the increase of vibration mode frequency increases the radiation efficiency of the dominant acoustic radiation mode. By analyzing the effect of stiffening mode and quantity on acoustic radiation, it can be seen that for the plate (1,1) mode, the longitudinal stiffening mode has the lowest vibration energy conversion rate, and the main mechanism is that the dominant acoustic radiation mode has the lowest radiation efficiency, while the transverse stiffening mode has the highest radiation efficiency. In addition, when the reinforcement is distributed, the natural frequency and the radiation efficiency of the corresponding dominant acoustic radiation modes of the stiffeners are reduced, the vibration- acoustic conversion of the plate showed a decreasing trend.