Dominant Leader Research Articles

Numerical simulation of reversal point dynamics in intracloud lightning: Back-and-forth promoting effect

Lightning is a self-developing charge transport system that exhibits fundamental manifestations of the macro-scale polarity asymmetry. This asymmetry is tightly connected with peculiarities of the reversal point (the point of zero leader sheath charge or, alternatively, a site where the lightning channel potential coincides with the intracloud one) movement along the leader growth direction. The study presents a stochastic lightning discharge model that is used to analyze the reversal point dynamics. It is shown that the reversal point shifts towards the direction of growth of the dominant leader, i.e. the leader with prevailing peripheral current. The cases of upward and downward directions of the positive leader propagation are considered to study how the difference in altitudes of positive and negative lightning poles influences the mode of reversal point drift. The model predicts that, for the case of an intracloud lightning, the amplitudes of oscillation of reversal point altitude and voltage are of the order of 1 km and 100 MV, respectively, with the reversal point voltage change rate being of the order of 10 MV/ms. The results allow to conclude that the reversal point meandering is a fundamental manifestation of lightning evolution.

The Influence Of Dominant Leadership And Group Cohesiveness On Groupthink Phenomenon In The Decision-Making Process: A Systematic Literature Review

In collective decision-making, a phenomenon known as "groupthink" can happen when individuals of the group have a tendency to agree with the majority view, even when that view is not supported by reason. The primary objective of this study is to examine how group cohesiveness and leadership affect groupthink and how it affects the standard of decision-making. The outcomes of earlier studies are analyzed in this study using a methodical literature review approach. According to study findings, group cohesiveness and dominant leadership can raise the possibility of groupthink. Two factors contribute to this: (1) Dominant leaders frequently dictate how decisions are made, which limits group members' ability to participate and conduct discussions; and (2) Cohesive groups typically have a high degree of mutual trust, which makes it comfortable for members to voice differing ideas. The effectiveness of the decision-making process might be negatively impacted by groupthink.

Two notes on Wiezel et al.: Explaining why people disfavor dominant leaders and exploring overlooked sources of women's dominance and leadership

Two notes on Wiezel et al.: Explaining why people disfavor dominant leaders and exploring overlooked sources of women's dominance and leadership

Challenging the status quo in a non‐challenging way: A dominance complementarity view of voice inquiry

AbstractSpeaking up directly promotes voice endorsement because it enhances communication clarity. Yet, voicers may hesitate to engage in direct voice because it is a dominant communication tactic that may upset, impose on, embarrass, or undermine their leader, potentially resulting in a backlash, greater workload, or a tainted image. These concerns present a puzzle regarding whether alternative communication tactics exist whereby voicers can secure endorsement for improvement‐oriented initiatives without directly challenging their leader. To address this puzzle, we introduce voice inquiry—expressing improvement‐oriented suggestions or concerns in the form of a question—as a submissive communication tactic to secure endorsement. Drawing upon dominance complementarity theory, we argue that voice inquiry prompts endorsement because it enhances leader's sense of power. Given the complementary effect of submissiveness and dominance, we further predict that this effect will be stronger when leader dominance is high. We conducted three Pilot Studies to unpack the content, motivation, prevalence, and submissive nature of voice inquiry. Building on this foundation, we conducted a multi‐wave field study with 373 employees and 178 leaders in a transportation company (Study 1) and a vignette experiment with 243 full‐time workers (Study 2). Across studies, our research demonstrates voice inquiry as a theoretically driven communication tactic that increases endorsement by activating leader sense of power, particularly among dominant leaders.

"“Let Me Be Your Dog” or Not: A Qualitative Exploration of Narcissist Victim Traits in the Workplace"

Albeit the socially recognised narcissistic personality disorder is documented to be prevalent within leaders in many organisations, the victims of narcissistic behaviours and their experiences have been explored much less. Aiming at understanding the effects of narcissistic management upon employees generally residing within narcissist victim traits as well as their reactions and coping mechanisms, this qualitative study voiced and thematically analysed the narratives of eight participants interviewed in the UK. Four overarching themes emerged: (a) narcissistic tactics; (b) interpersonal effects; (c) intrapersonal effects and (d) effects on work, suggesting that although submissive individuals have been considered a good match to dominant leaders in the past, this ‘fit’ does not always guarantee harmonic collaboration. Instead, it is argued that there are specific factors that can provide such synergy and concluded that only a sufficient level of psychological need satisfaction of both parties can lead to successful outcomes. Thus, this research contributes to clarifying the mechanism of interaction between narcissistic leaders and their victims in the workplace, further proposing ideas for practical application of its findings and future research that will explore unhealthy interpersonal relationships and create awareness for positive change.

Banding together to avoid exploitation: Dominant (but not prestige-based) leaders motivate collective moral opposition from followers

Although dominance is a common strategy for attaining high social rank, it often entails exploitative behavior, bringing leaders into conflict with followers. Anthropological work suggests that a long evolutionary history of such conflict has set the stage for moral systems designed to reduce exploitation from powerful people. Here we establish links between dominance (and prestige) and moral leadership, reporting three studies (total N = 1246) demonstrating that, in response to dominant leaders, followers band together in collective opposition aimed at resisting, and even toppling, incumbent leaders. These studies also identify specific social psychological pathways through which dominant leaders elicit moral opposition—low levels of trust and gossip both mediated effects of leader dominance on collective opposition by followers. While dominance may allow people to rise through the ranks of a social hierarchy, the long-term durability of dominance as a leadership strategy may be undermined by collective moral opposition from followers.

Knowing the People Oriented Character of Department Leaders with the Belbin Method

This study aims to analyze and understand the dominant character of department heads at PT BTU, who so far have appointed departmental leaders who prefer criteria of general technical competence, experience and soft skills such as communication skills, integrity, creativity, etc. According to Belbin, a person's character can be divided into 3 groups, namely the Thinking Oriented group consisting of Plant (PL), Monitor Evaluator (ME) and Specialist (SP). The Action Oriented group consists of Sharper (SH), Implementer (IMP) and Completer Finisher (CF). Finally, the People Oriented group consists of Team Workers (TW), Resource Investigators (RI) and Coordinators (C). From the research results for the 15 Departments at PT BTU, it was found that 73% of the leaders were People Oriented, and 27% were Action Oriented, and no Thinking Oriented dominant leaders. In order for the team in the department to further improve their performance, it is better if the deficiencies or weaknesses in one of the characters or orientations can be filled by staff who stand out in characters that the leader does not have.

Individual insurance products: is there a real choice for Russians?

The article analyzes the level of competition of insurance product offerings in the following four markets using the Russian market as an example: (1) life insurance, (2) accident and disease insurance, (3) voluntary health insurance and (4) pension insurance. The purpose of the study is to assess competitive dynamics in the insurance product markets during the period under review. Relevant data of the Expert Rating Agency for 2018-2021 were used as the study basis. The study methodology is based on the assessment of the competitive situation using the SV matrix, which is based on HTSV (level of differentiation within the dominant group) and CRSV (cumulative market share of the dominant group). The study shows that the Russian insurance market in 2018-2021 was quite diverse in terms of dominance. Most individual insurance products belong to the B4 quadrant of the SV matrix (a natural oligopoly), yet, the situation with the dominant group regarding types of insurance under study is significantly different, since the number of dominant players varies from 2 to 10, considerably affecting a real consumer choice, however, among the markets under study, there is none with low concentration or without a dominant group or dominant leader. In the VHI market, the choice is quite large, while the presence of a big dominant group of eight companies suggests formation of the two-tier companies. The top echelon sets quality standards and dominates by price, while other companies can compete with the leaders due to niche offerings and price factors. The pension insurance market is an example of a significantly reduced consumer choice: in 2018, it is in the RO quadrant with a relatively “weak” dominant group, while by 2021, a hardly differentiated oligopoly of 5 companies has been formed, controlling 95% of the market. Emerging players with the market and institutional opportunities similar to SOGAZ make significant changes in the market structure, as in the case of personal insurance market, wherein SOGAZ has absorbed the largest player, transferring the market from an oligopoly of seven companies to the actual dominance of the one.

Dissoanalytic Psychohistory: Dissoanalysis of the Traumatic History of Humanity and the Construction of a New Societal Reality

In the face of all the limitations and criticisms regarding the recognition of consciousness as a psychosocial "singularity experience", the construction of "Dissoanalysis Theory: Psychocommunal Therapy" centered on "multiple consciousness system", "multiple reality perception" and "multiple memory phenomenon", that is, a new societal reality, has become an indispensability. Based on trauma and dissociation studies, i.e. modern psychotraumatology paradigms and modalities, the "Dissoanalysis Theory", structured by Ozturk with the aim of creating a functional society consisting of empathetic, prudent, just, peaceful, and capable individuals, made it possible for the emergence of "dissoanalytic psychohistory" from a psychosocial perspective. Dissoanalytic psychohistory is intervention therapy for psychosocial crises! “Dissoanalytic psychohistory” structured by Ozturk within the framework of the dissoanalytic school is defined as a branch of science that does researches on childhood traumas, psychosocial perceptions of childhood, chronic oppressions, child-rearing styles, dysfunctional families, dysfunctional generations, intergenerational transmission of trauma, intergenerational transfer of psychopathology, psychocommunal dissociation, dominant leaders and mass violence and develops strategies focused on especially preventing childhood traumas and wars. Dissoanalytic psychohistory, emphasizing that the neutralization of dysfunctional generations and the future can be achieved by the administration of "psychocommunal therapy" of all nations in the world, is an original psychology theory that consists of a holistic synthesis of modern psychotraumatology and psychohistory paradigms with the study of intergenerational transmission of trauma and intergenerational transfer of psychopathology. Dissoanalytic psychohistory, which is the dissoanalysis of the traumatic history of humanity and the construction of a new societal reality, both analyzes and integrates the dissociative components of societies with absolute reality. Dissoanalytic psychohistory creates development-oriented shifts, “dissociative revolutions”, “integrative psychosocial movements” and “mass predictions” and even functional and healthy new society profiles by raising awareness of masses of human about their actions.

Leadership in the eye of the beholder: Follower self-esteem is associated with divergent perceptions of leadership ability for dominant and prestigious leaders.

Drawing from dual-strategies theory, leader-member exchange theory, and several theories of self-esteem, we develop and test hypotheses about how followers' self-esteem predicts their perceptions of dominant and prestigious leaders' leadership ability. Across four studies (N=1568), we tested the association between self-esteem and perceptions of leadership ability for dominant and prestigious leaders. Individuals with high self-esteem perceived greater leadership ability in prestigious leaders than did those with low self-esteem and individuals with low self-esteem perceived greater leadership ability in dominant leaders than did those with high self-esteem. These results emerged across ratings of leaders from hypothetical vignettes (Studies 1 and 4), abstract beliefs about what constitutes good leadership (Study 1), past personal experiences with leaders (Study 2) and clips of leaders from reality television (Study 3). In Study 4, we also tested potential mechanisms. Compared with followers with low self-esteem, followers with high self-esteem found prestigious leaders more trustworthy, and they anticipated feeling inauthentic around a dominant leader. Self-esteem is reliably and robustly related to perceived leadership ability of dominant and prestigious leaders, and these differences might stem from differences in trust in prestigious leaders and anticipated authenticity around dominant leaders.

Preference for leaders with high and low facial width-to-height ratios: moderating roles of political ideology and voting context.

It has been argued that human ancestors evolved greater sensitivity to certain traits that signal dominance in potential leaders. From this perspective, modern voters still favor certain physical characteristics during political elections. Indeed, previous studies have shown that voters prefer dominant candidates, especially when primed with wartime scenarios, and with conservative voters being more likely to choose a dominant leader. Because facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) was found to be positively associated with perceived dominance, we sought to investigate the effect of fWHR on leader preference by taking into an account voting context and voters' political ideology. A total of 148 participants took part in two online experiments in which we manipulated standardized facial images to represent faces with low and high fWHR. Furthermore, we assessed participants' political ideology and asked them to rate the extent to which faces with low and high fWHR looked like leaders during wartime and peacetime scenarios. Preference for leaders with high fWHR was positively related to participants' political ideology, but only in a wartime scenario, suggesting that the more conservative participants were, the higher was their preference for leaders with high fWHR. This is consistent with the notion that preferences for dominant-looking leaders vary as a function of the contextual (voting context) and individual differences (political ideology). The present findings provide new evidence for the contribution of fWHR in leader preference and significantly adds to the results of previous research demonstrating the roles of voters' political ideology and politicians' physical characteristics in perceiving leadership abilities.

The impact of leader dominance on employees' zero-sum mindset and helping behavior.

Leaders strive to encourage helping behaviors among employees, as it positively affects both organizational and team effectiveness. However, the manner in which a leader influences others can unintentionally limit this desired behavior. Drawing on social learning theory, we contend that a leader's tendency to influence others via dominance could decrease employees' interpersonal helping. Dominant leaders, who influence others by being assertive and competitive, shape their subordinates' cognitive schema of success based on zero-sum thinking. Employees with a zero-sum mindset are more likely to believe that they can only make progress at the expense of others. We further propose that this zero-sum mindset results in less interpersonal helping among subordinates. We test our hypotheses by employing different operationalizations of our key variables in eight studies of which four are reported in the manuscript and another four in Supplemental Information across a combined sample of 147,780 observations. These studies include a large archival study, experiments with both laboratory and online samples, and a time-lagged field study with employees from 50 different teams. Overall, this research highlights the unintended consequences that dominant leaders have on their followers' helping behavior by increasing their zero-sum mindset. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

How Dominant Leaders Go Wrong: Highly assertive, confident individuals may foster a selfish culture that hurts productivity.

How Dominant Leaders Go Wrong: Highly assertive, confident individuals may foster a selfish culture that hurts productivity.

How to Run a Meeting.

How to Run a Meeting.

Beyond the “Marble Arch”? Archbishop J.A.F. Gregg, the Church of Ireland, and the Second World War, 1935–1945

AbstractJ.A.F. Gregg, Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh, played an important role in religious life across the island of Ireland for half of the twentieth century. He has been portrayed by historians as the “Marble Arch,” a leader who reigned over one Church across two states. This article reevaluates that interpretation: by using the period of the Second World War as a case study, it suggests that the historiographical portrayal of Gregg has neglected other significant aspects of his character and career. This article contends that, in addition to being a dominant leader, he was a British patriot, a pastor, and a scholar. Gregg navigated a course that recognized both states and their differing positions regarding the conflict; and he contributed to post-war desires for unity among Irish Anglicans across those states during a period of increased division on the island. The article, by bringing fresh attention to Gregg, discusses an under-examined figure in the history of the Church of Ireland and explores a hitherto neglected period in that historiography. By contextualizing Gregg's wartime rhetoric with that of Anglican churchmen in England, the study also addresses lacunae both in the historiography of religion and the Second World War and in that of Irish and Northern Irish experiences of the conflict.

Dissoanalysis as a Modern Psychotraumatology Theory: Denial Trauma and Mass Dissociation versus Dissociative Revolution and Psychocommunal Therapy

The "theory of dissoanalysis", structured on an axis that has the closest interactional dynamic with each individual and social element of the "multiple consciousness system" and "multiple memory phenomenon" conjugated with traumatic experiences, has its scientific roots in modern psychotraumatology studies conducted by Öztürk, a trauma therapist and a psychohistorian. Dissoanalysis makes significant scientific contributions to the development of both effective psychotherapy methods and innovative psychotraumatology and psychohistory movements in the field of "trauma and dissociation". “Dissoanalysts” are defined as “trauma therapists” who have professional competence in psychotraumatology, psychotherapy and suicidology, undertake and conduct the treatment of trauma-related psychiatric diseases, especially dissociative disorders, and complete them with a high average of success. As a modern theory of psychotraumatology, the psychosocial mission of dissoanalysis is to ensure that a society of psychologically integrated individuals prevails in the intergenerational process. The main purpose of dissoanalysis is, on the other hand, to create a development-oriented, normal and functional society composed of compassionate, fair, peaceful, empathetic, innovative and prudent individuals. Unless individually and socially originated "trauma denials" and "denial traumas" are neutralized by the psychosocial dissoanalysis method, chronic wars, colonial policies, dissociogenic oppressive systems, violent negative child-rearing styles, dysfunctional families and dysfunctional generations will continue to prevail at maximal rates and in all nations of the world! Öztürk, who developed the theory of dissoanalysis, emphasizes that an era of "mass dissociation", which spreads from individual to society, has begun on behalf of today's oppressive systems and the directed people controlled and managed by dominant leaders. Every moment when intergenerational development submits or evolves to intergenerational fossilization is a milestone and starting point for wars and genocides. Individuals and societies that are controlled and managed by traumatizing can be freed from captivity, oppression and abuse through "dissociative revolutions" that they will initiate by reactivating the healthy parts of themselves. Dissociative revolutions are all actions taken by individuals and societies, which have been ruled by oppression and traumatization for many years, in order to cut their hypnotic bonds with their fascist leaders and to liberate them, with these actions a psychosocial consciousness alliance is achieved and a new development-oriented human and society profile is created. As long as the dissoanalysis of “traumatized individuals whose smiles have been stolen” and “communities with shattered memories” cannot be carried out, no nation or any psychogenic mass can get rid of its borderline components, which are encompassing and focused on chronic violence; let alone gaining a direction towards an integrative life organization and in this context, the “theory of dissoanalysis” is the “psychocommunal therapy” itself!...

Life-history calibration of social hierarchies: Childhood adversity predicts leadership preference through relational social investment

One approach to understanding leadership styles in human society is through the lens of followers' preferences. From a life history perspective, followers from different backgrounds may develop different psychological traits and social connections that are compatible with the type of future environments that they expect following childhood experiences. This psychosocial life-history profile of the follower, representing different domains of fitness investment, predisposes them to preferences for dominance-style or prestige-style leadership. We tested multiple aspects of followers' life-history profiles as potential mediators between childhood adversity and leadership preferences in hypothetical scenarios in two studies using multisite samples in Mainland China. Study 1 (N = 898) focused on childhood economic conditions, and Study 2 (N = 1233) examined childhood resource insecurity and negative life events as independent indicators of childhood adversity. The results indicated an association between childhood adversity and a preference for dominant (rather than prestigious) leaders that was mediated by indicators of relational social investment but not by indicators of intellectual, long-term reproduction, or generalized social investment. This finding represents a new direction for research into leadership preferences as well as the application of life-history theory to social psychology.

Harsh but Expedient: Dominant Leaders Increase Group Cooperation via Threat of Punishment

Dominant leadership is, surprisingly, on the rise globally. Previous studies have found that intergroup conflict increases followers’ support for dominant leaders, but identifying the potential benefits that such leaders can supply is crucial to explaining their rise. We took a behavioral-economics approach in Study 1 (N = 288 adults), finding that cooperation among followers increases under leaders with a dominant reputation. This pattern held regardless of whether dominant leaders were assigned to groups, elected through a bidding process, or leading under intergroup competition. Moreover, Studies 2a to 2e (N = 1,022 adults) show that impressions of leader dominance evoked by personality profiles, authoritarian attitudes, or physical formidability similarly increase follower cooperation. We found a weaker but nonsignificant trend when dominance was cued by facial masculinity and no evidence when dominance was cued by aggressive disposition in a decision game. These findings highlight the unexpected benefits that dominant leaders can bestow on group cooperation through threat of punishment.

Who am I as a leader? An analysis of leader identity among clinical consultants in Denmark

Studies have emphasized the importance of leader identity for the development of public leaders since a strong leader identity is strongly correlated with active leadership behavior. In the literature, leader identity is often defined as “the extent to which an individual identifies as a leader”. In this article, I argue that leader identity is not only a question of strength but also of the substantial meaning individuals ascribe to this identity. Based on the literature on leader identity and a qualitative analysis of 21 semi-structured interviews with clinical consultants in Danish hospitals, the article identifies three different types of leader identity: the dominant leader, the engaging leader and the entrepreneur.

Nothing to Worry About: Why Liberals Underestimate Dominant Leaders and Act Complacently

When dominant-authoritarian leaders are successful, political liberals overwhelmingly express shock and disappointment. Beyond party affiliation, we offer a psychologically grounded explanation contending the prevalence of a systematic bias among liberals. We argue that liberals, compared to conservatives, underestimate the success of dominant-authoritarian leaders, and that this systematic underestimation makes liberal complacent, overconfident, and less inclined to exercise their vote. We test our hypotheses across seven studies (two pre-registered, one in SI), including large-scale field data, six experimental studies with varied contexts, and a combined sample of more than 215,000 observations from 93 countries and spanning the past three decades. In doing so, our work explains the continued underestimation of dominant leaders and consequent surprise from political liberals during critical elections, and why underestimating the success of dominant leaders may lead liberals to act complacently and paradoxically increase such leaders’ chances of success.