Dominant Element Research Articles

Microbial-induced structural changes in non-stoichiometric magnetite via radioanalytical methods

AbstractStructural alterations in non-stoichiometric magnetite induced by microorganisms are studied by nuclear methods. Magnetite samples were exposed to fungal strain known for its immobilization capabilities. Neutron activation analysis identified iron as the dominant element. The presence of maghemite in non-stoichiometric magnetite complicates the determination of iron sites by Mössbauer spectrometry. Mössbauer spectra recorded at 4.2 K display overlapping lines corresponding to tetrahedral and octahedral iron sites. Application of external magnetic field of 6 T improved the spectral resolution and revealed a presence of distinct sextets. Interaction with Aspergillus niger did not notably affect magnetite´s magnetic properties, indicating its stability.

Comparative determination of the time-dependent accumulation of metal oxides in the landfill gas combustion chamber deposits using SEM-EDS, XRF and ICP OES

Non-purified landfill gas (LFG) leads to the formation of complex deposits in combustion chambers due to impurities such as siloxanes, sulfur compounds, and organometallic compounds containing elements such as Si, S, Sb, Sn. This study focused on identifying the elemental composition of deposits from four combustion chambers using analytical techniques including SEM-EDS, WDXRF, and microwave digestion ICP OES. The dominant element, Si, with concentrations (wt%) in the deposits was measured by SEM-EDS, ICP-OES, and WDXRF, respectively, as follows: 17.04 ± 8.59, 21.89 ± 4.39, and 16.63 ± 0.94 for cylinder head deposits, and 13.28 ± 6.97, 15.40 ± 5.40, and 12.64 ± 1.64 for piston head deposits. Excluding C, O and N, which could not be analyzed by all three techniques, the multi-analytical approaches demonstrated strong correlations between EDS results and those obtained from WDXRF and ICP OES, with R2 values of 0.9173 and 0.9002 for cylinder head deposits, respectively. It was also revealed that the elemental composition of deposits varied between combustion chambers. The average mass fractions of all deposit surfaces were ranked as follows for elements exceeding 1 %: O (45.38 %) > Si (16.67 %) > Ca (9.87 %) > Sb (7.21 %) > S (5.98 %) > Sn (3.51 %) > C (2.83 %) > P (2.35 %). Elements below 1 % were ranked as: Na (0.91 %) > N (0.80 %) > Al (0.74 %) > Fe (0.48 %) > Mg (0.30 %). Consequently, the multi-spectrometry analysis approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of the deposit composition, enabling the determination of primary contributors and the most elements. Future studies may involve more general determining the concentrations of organometallic compounds in the LFG, which are the source of the elements found in the deposit.

On the methodological aspect in the course of general physics at the university

The article analyzes the importance of the methodological aspect in teaching the course of general physics at the university, which is still given insufficient attention. The role of this component in the formation of students' ideas about the physical picture of the world, as the dominant element of the scientific picture of the world, is emphasized. The methodological requirement for the presentation of methodological issues of physics is considered. Examples of the presentation of these issues in the course of physics are given. It is noted that the formation of the personality of a specialist, as self-sufficient and capable of self-development is not possible without the study of methodological problems.

Exploring ultrafine particle emission characteristics from in-use light-duty diesel trucks in China using a portable measurement system

Diesel vehicle exhaust is one of the major contributors to ultrafine particles (UFPs) in urban areas in China. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about UFPs emission characteristics from current in-use diesel vehicles. This study has carried out an on-road test of 10 in-use Light-duty Diesel Trucks (LDDTs) with different emission control standards in China using a self-established portable measurement system based on the Electronic Low-pressure Impactor (ELPI) and characterized the ultrafine particle number (PN) concentration, particle size distribution and metal element contents. The results revealed a significant reduction of 93.37% in the average PN0.1 emission factor of LDDTs from China IV to China VI. Notably, LDDTs compliant with the China VI vehicle emission control standard exhibited the lowest PN0.1 and PM0.1 emission factors, measuring 4.991×1014 #/km and 0.627 g/km, respectively. By taking into account emissions under real driving conditions, we found that the PN emission rates grow with the increase of the Vehicle Specific Power (VSP). The cold-start phase had higher PN emissions than the hot-start phase, with 8590, 1890, 477, and 22 times higher than those of the ambient air (1.18×105 #/cm3), respectively. The installation of Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) can decrease UFPs by more than 99.8%, while the PN emission factor during the DPF regeneration stage (1.85×1016 #/km) increased by 5 orders of magnitude that of the DPF normal works (7.51×1011 #/km). Metal element contents analysis shows that Fe, Ca, Al and Mg are the dominant elements in UFPs of LDDT exhaust gas, but the element of Ni is slightly increasing in a China VI, possibly due to the new automotive engine exhaust manifolds being made of Ni instead of cast iron for the purpose of having more high-temperature resistance. Our study demonstrates the importance of monitoring and routine maintenance of exhaust after-treatment systems.

Multivariate Analysis of Geochemical Data to Determine Critical Minerals in Prigi Beach Sand, Trenggalek

Abstract Critical minerals are essential elements mainly for industry. As technological advancements, the demand for critical minerals also increases. Critical minerals include Rare Earth Elements (REE), Lithium (Li), Gallium (Ga), Germanium (Ge), Platinum Group Metals (PGM), Indium (In), Beryllium (Be), Tungsten (W), Cobalt (Co), Molybdenum (Mo), Niobium (Nb), Antimony (Sb), Vanadium (V), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Tellurium (Te), Tin (Sn), Thorium (Th), Zirconium (Zr), Hafnium (Hf), Selenium (Se), Rhenium (Re), Phosphate (P), Potassium (K), and others. This study aims is to figure out the distribution of critical minerals in the sand of Prigi Beach, Trenggalek. Chemical elements are determined using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Based on data analysis, critical minerals were detected with the presence of elements such as Al, K, Ca, Si, Ti, P, V, Mn, Cr, Zn, Fe, Sr, Eu, and Cu. Using the Pearson Correlation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods. Significant correlations were found between (Al-Zn), (Si with K-Ti-V-Fe-Cu-Eu), (K with Ti-V-Fe-Cu-Eu), (Ca-Sr), (Ti with V-Mn-Fe-Cu-Eu), (V with Fe-Cu-Eu), (Fe-Eu), and (Cu-Eu). The elements that dominate the critical minerals based on geochemical data analysis of the sand revealed three highest concentrations consisting of Fe (41.44%), Si (35.32%), and Ca (10.96%). Base on several previous studies on critical minerals in beach sands, including a study by Endang (2023) it is know that Fe is a dominant element compared to others such Ca, Al, and K. This is due to the influence of various geological conditions and human activities.

The Degradation and Migration of Cyclanilide in Soil and Sediment in China.

The environmental fate of a plant growth regulator cyclanilide was studied in this paper. The degradation, adsorption, and migration behaviors of cyclanilide were detailly measured in the laboratory. The results showed that the DT50 of cyclanilide degradation in the Jiangxi red, Taihu paddy, Changshu wushan, Shaanxi tide, and Dongbei black soils was 42.3 d, 31.9 d, 14.4 d, 30.4 d as well as 27.4 d under aerobic conditions and 32.3 d, 37.4 d, 29.3 d, 48.9 d as well as 27.0 d under water anaerobic conditions, respectively, with the main metabolite being 2,4-dichloroaniline (2,4-D). The DT50 of 2,4-D ranged from 5.26 to 27.1 days under aerobic conditions, and from 10.6 to 54.1 days under anaerobic conditions. The adsorption of cyclanilide by the soils was well fitted by the empirical linear adsorption isotherm, and the adsorption constant (Kd, H) values in the Jiangxi red, Taihu paddy, Changshu wushan, Shaanxi tide, and Dongbei black soils were 7.08, 4.49, 4.05, 3.20, and 1.41, respectively. The results of a mobility test showed that cyclanilide had strong mobility in the most test soils. Furthermore, soil pH is the dominant element affecting the adsorption of cyclanilide in the soils. Under aerobic environment, the DT50 of total cyclanilide in river and lake water-sediment systems were 30.7 d and 34.0 d, respectively; under anaerobic environment, their DT50 were 30.8 d and 31.4 d, respectively. In water-sediment systems, 2,4-D mainly exists in aqueous phase and the DT50 ranged from 5.23 to 8.76 days. This work demonstrated that cyclanilide has the potential risk to contaminate environment and attention should be paid to its application.

Water quality assessment of Upper Ganga and Yamuna river systems during COVID-19 pandemic-induced lockdown: imprints of river rejuvenation.

Clean river water is an essential and life-sustaining asset for all living organisms. The upper Ganga and Yamuna river system has shown signs of rejuvenation and tremendous improvement in the water quality following the nationwide lockdown due to the coronavirus pandemic. All the industrial and commercial activity was shut down, and there was negligible wastewater discharge from the industries. This article addresses the water quality assessment from the study area, which is based on the original data of physical parameters, major and trace elements, and stable isotopes (hydrogen and oxygen) systematics during the nationwide lockdown. The impact of the lockdown could be seen in terms of an increase in dissolved oxygen (DO). Water samples were collected from the Upper Ganga and Yamuna river basins (Alaknanda, Bhagirathi, and Tons rivers) during an eight-week lockdown in Uttarakhand, India. We discussed the signs of rejuvenation of riverine based on physical parameters, major ions, trace elements, isotopic ratios, and water pollution index (WPI). Results reveal that the water quality of the entire upper basins of the Ganga has significantly improved by 93%, reflecting the signs of self-rejuvenation of the rivers. Multivariate analysis suggests a negative factor loading for an anthropogenic element ( ), implying that they contribute little to the river water during the lockdown. Further, bicarbonate ( ) is a dominant element in both river basins. The geochemical facies are mainly characterized by the ( ) type of water, suggesting that silicate rock weathering dominates with little influence from carbonate weathering in the area. The positive factor loadings of some cations, like , , and reflect their strong association with the source of origin in the lockdown phases. Stable isotopic reveals that the glaciated region contributed the most to the river basin, as evidenced by the low d-excess in riverine water compared to anthropogenic contributions. Rivers can self-rejuvenate if issues of human influence and anthropogenic activities are adequately resolved and underline our responsibility for purifying the ecosystem. We observed that this improvement in the river water quality will take a shorter time, and quality will deteriorate again when commercial and industrial activity resumes.

Seasonal fluctuations in fatty acid profile and biochemical traits of edible deep-water shrimp Heterocarpus woodmasoni

Heterocarpus woodmasoni is an edible deep-sea caridean shrimp that holds significant commercial importance and is sourced from the south-west coast of India in the Arabian Sea. In this research study, we extensively examined the biochemical, mineral and seasonal fatty acid compositions of H. woodmasoni. ANOVA tests, unveiled noteworthy disparities (p < 0.05) in moisture, crude fat and protein content between male and female H. woodmasoni. In contrast, we observed no significant differences in ash, carbohydrate, and cholesterol levels. Regarding minerals, the prominent macro elements detected in H. woodmasoni included K, P, Na, Ca and Mg with Zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) emerging as the dominant micro elements followed by Copper (Cu) and Selenium (Se). Notably, these shrimp exhibited a well-balanced ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids. Within the n-6 series, linoleic acid (18:2n-6), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6), and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) were identified as the primary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), exhibiting distinct concentrations across sexes and seasons. Both male and female H. woodmasoni displayed lower atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices, ranging between 0.4 and 0.6 and 0.2–0.4, respectively, indicating a favourable cardiovascular health profile. Principal component analysis resulted in a two-principal component model explaining 83.4 % and 67.3 % of the total data variance for amino acid and fatty acid indices, respectively. This comprehensive biochemical analysis of both male and female H. woodmasoni reaffirms the species' status as a valuable and healthful resource, characterized by its abundance of high-quality nutritional components.

Depicting Humans, Animals, and Objects in Motion: The Effect of Implied Motion on Engagement and Persuasion in Advertising

Over the past several decades, visual imagery has become the dominant element in modern advertising. A common content strategy involves depicting humans, animals, or objects in the midst of motion. Whereas previous research indicates that implied motion images enhance persuasion, it is unclear whether this effect is unique to depictions of moving humans or if it also applies to depictions of moving animals (e.g., a dolphin jumping out of the water) and moving objects (e.g., a car driving on a street, a burger being tossed in the air). Across a set of seven experimental studies, we provide robust evidence that images depicting animate and inanimate motion increase the persuasiveness of an advertisement and that this effect occurs through enhanced engagement. Our findings further indicate that the level of engagement is influenced by the complexity of the depicted motion, with more complex, nonlinear movements eliciting greater engagement than simpler, linear movements. Overall, this research contributes to the advertising literature by providing an empirically grounded account of implied motion imagery and by helping marketers create more effective advertising.

Characteristics of rain tree seed (Samanea saman) biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures

Abstract A Rain trees (Samanea saman) yield abundant seeds, averaging 200-250 kg of pods per season from mature trees. This high seed production often results in waste or undesired seedlings. To mitigate this issue, researchers are studying methods to utilize these seeds effectively. One promising approach involves converting rain tree seeds into biochar through pyrolysis, a process that transforms organic resources into valuable products. However, the characteristics of the biochar depend on the pyrolysis temperature. This study aims to examine how different temperatures affect the properties of rain tree seed biochar. The seeds were subjected to pyrolysis at temperatures of 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C for four hours. The results show that increasing the pyrolysis temperature will decrease the biochar yield, with the highest yield at 300°C being 50.52%. Conversely, the ash content and fixed carbon increase with rising temperatures. SEM analysis indicates that pores begin to form at 400°C; however, at 600°C, extensive pore cracking is observed. Based on FTIR analysis, functional groups including -OH, C=C, C=O, C-O, and C-H were identified. XRF analysis reveals that the four dominant elements in biochar are K2O (55-59%), CaO (24-28%), P2O5 (11-12%), and MgO (1.5-1.9%). Based on these dominant elements, rain tree seed biochar has potential for soil amendment, containing macronutrients necessary for plant growth.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGE OF KUPANG’S STRAAT ‘A’

"City image" refers to the perception of a city, shaped by visual experiences, social interactions, and cultural influences. It includes physical elements like architecture and landscapes, as well as intangible factors that define the city's identity and functionality.Aims: This research project aims to explore the relationship between the tangible and intangible aspects of the image of Kupang's Straat "A" neighborhood.Methodology and Results: The research first examines Kevin Lynch's city image principles. It documents the physical elements of Straat "A" using tissue analysis maps, followed by an analysis of both physical and non-physical elements through perceptual and experiential approaches. Finally, the dominant elements of Kupang's Straat "A" urban image are interpreted.Conclusion and Impact: The research identifies three of the five physical elements of city image—paths, districts, and nodes—along with dominant non-physical elements like collective stories, identity, social activities, and user experiences. These findings enhance city image theory and offer valuable insights for urban design, particularly for architects and stakeholders.

Phenolic, amino acids, and fatty acids profiles and the nutritional properties in the fresh and dried fruits of black rosehip (Rosa pimpinellifolia L.)

Recently, increased attention has been paid to the raw materials of plants as a source of biologically active substances. Black rosehip (Rosa pimpinellifolia L.) fruits could be a good resource for potential functional components in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Also, drying can influence the composition of heat-sensitive phytochemicals. However, less attention is given to comparing black rosehip bioactive compounds particularly compositions of fatty acid, amino acids, and phenolic content in fresh and dried fruits. So in this study, the amino acid constituents (by amino acid analyzer), fatty acids (by GC–MS), mineral elements (by atomic absorption spectrometer), antioxidant (by DPPH) and phenolic compounds (by HPLC) present in fresh and dried fruits of black rosehip naturally grown in Iran were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that dried fruits had a lower level moisture by 51.55%, and a higher level of total phenolic compounds and total sugar by 786.20 mg GAE/100 g and 15.77 g/100 g, respectively. Chlorogenic acid and gallic acid were the major phenolic compounds (109.3 mg/g). Whilst, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and arachidic acid (85.34%) were the most dominant fatty acids. The most dominant amino acids were glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and arginine (29.41 g/100 g). Also, Fe and Mn as micro-elements were the most dominant elements. In general, the results illustrated the potentials and differences of black rosehip fruits grown in the Arasbaran region as promising resources for food sources, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, and breeding programs. Also, these findings confirm that black rosehip fruits contain significant amounts of secondary metabolites that may positively affect human health.

Effect of Nidra on Meda Dhatu with special reference to Different Dehaprakriti

According to Ayurveda, sleep is included in Upastambha Traya, Adharaniya Vega hence it sustains life. Getting enough Nidra helps in maintaining normal growth and development of the body. According to Ayurveda, improper sleep (Nidra Viparyaya) may cause some life style diseases (Sthaulya). So, it can be said that abnormal, inadequate Nidra can make a person Atura (diseased). Among the seven Dhatus, Meda with Jala and Prithvi as its dominant elements, is solid and soft. It is the storage site for excess fat in the body. Definition of Swastha also refers to the moderate quantity of the seven Dhatus of the body. Disorders may develop if there is variation in it. In this context, the excess accumulation of Meda Dhatu that is Medo Vruddhi results in overweight/obesity and decrease in Meda Dhatu that is Meda Kshaya results in underweight. Nidra has such inevitable effects on mind and body. In Ayurveda, Acharya Charak has stated in Charak Sutrasthan, Adhyay 21/51 “Swapnahar Samutthe Cha Sthaulya Karshye Visheshatah” that means Aahar and Nidra are the main causes for Sthaulya and Karshya. Also, modern science has stated that sleep requirement is not constant but has to be taken as per the persons need. Therefore, to sum up, In, today’s era, sleep is seen to be majorly disturbed which is one of the reasons for psychosomatic disorders. There is disturbed fat distribution observed in people surrounding us with no major co-morbidity but still showing symptoms related to Meda Dhatu. Therefore, to reveal the role of Nidra to cause the improper Meda dhatu distribution in body So, this study is being carried to explore the effect of Nidra on Meda Dhatu with special reference to different Deha Prakriti.

Has ‘the great moving right show’ stopped?

How will the new Labour government compare to its New Labour predecessors? This article revisits ‘New Labour’s Double Shuffle’, the critique of the New Labour government that Stuart Hall wrote in 2003, to see how this might provide guidance in understanding the conjuncture of the Labour government elected in July 2024. Hall???s article had followed on from his pre-election analysis of the Thatcher project in ‘The Great Moving Right Show’, in 1978. His argument was that the dominant agenda of the New Labour governments was one of subordination to pressures emanating from capital, with the demands of Labour’s supporters being subordinated to this. It is proposed that the relations between the dominant and subordinate elements in these structures should be seen in dialectical terms, as an ongoing struggle between conflicting social forces. The question is raised of whether the current Labour government is essentially a continuation of the New Labour project, or whether it might be something different. The argument is made that to achieve a favourable outcome in a new struggle for hegemony it is essential that Labour remain in office for several parliamentary terms, and that there be a critical engagement with what its government does.

Recovery of Copper Layer from Waste Mobile Phone Printed Circuit Board Without Crushing

Resource recovery and material reuse from waste is an art of circular economy. Waste mobile phone printed circuit boards contain a significant amount of nonferrous and precious metals, where copper is one of the dominant nonferrous elements. This paper presents the recovery of copper material using an electrochemical process from three samples of waste mobile phone printed circuit boards, each double-sided, where for sample preparation no crushing and dismantling are applied except that the painting mask is chemically removed. From mass analysis, the gross amount of the recovered copper from the sample materials was 5.94 g and the calculated average was 1.98 g per sample material. In this way, the copper layer from waste mobile phone printed circuit boards could be recovered economically at an early stage, which could reduce complexity and improve further material recovery compared to the traditional crushing practice.

Tribology and airborne particle emissions from grey cast iron and WC reinforced laser cladded brake discs

Laser cladding (LC) is a promising technique to overlay a protective coating on grey cast iron (GCI) brake discs to enhance the wear and corrosion resistance. This study utilized a pin-on-disc tribometer in an aerosol chamber to investigate the tribology and airborne particle emissions from tungsten carbides (WC) reinforced coating overlayed onto GCI substrate through laser cladding. Uncoated GCI brake discs served as reference material, while low-metallic (LM) and non-asbestos organic (NAO) brake pads were used as counterparts. The results indicate that LC coating exhibited slightly higher coefficient of friction and significantly lower wear than uncoated GCI discs. Abrasive wear is the dominant wear mechanism for both uncoated GCI brake discs and LC coatings. LC coatings substantially decreased the particle mass concentrations. All three friction pairs displayed a mass weighted size distribution with a major peak around 2–3 μm. The number size distribution was dominated by a mode below 1 μm. Emissions by number were generally low. Meanwhile, all three friction pairs emitted sheared off and agglomerated particles, with iron being the dominant element. Tungsten was identified in the particles emitted from LC coatings, indicating that the hard coating has a potential to wear off and become airborne particles.

Identification and Analysis of PPO Gene Family Members in Paulownia fortunei.

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a common metalloproteinase in plants with important roles in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. There is evidence that PPOs contribute to stress responses in Paulownia fortunei. In this study, PPO gene family members in P. fortunei were comprehensively identified and characterized using bioinformatics methods as well as analyses of phylogenetic relationships, gene and protein structure, codon usage bias, and gene expression in response to stress. The genome contained 10 PPO gene family members encoding 406-593 amino acids, with a G/C bias. Most were localized in chloroplasts. The motif structure was conserved among family members, and α-helices and random coils were the dominant elements in the secondary structure. The promoters contained many cis-acting elements, such as auxin, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and photoresponsive elements. The formation of genes in this family was linked to evolutionary events, such as fragment replication. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that PfPPO7, PfPPO10, PfPPO1, PfPPO2, PfPPO3, PfPPO4, PfPPO5, and PfPPO8 may be key genes in drought stress resistance. PfPPO1, PfPPO3, PfPPO4, and PfPPO10 were resistant stress-sensitive genes. These results provide a reliable basis for fully understanding the potential functions of these genes and the selection of resistance breeding.

Diversity and Distribution of Monocot Understory Herbs during Tropical Forest Succession in Northeastern Costa Rica

Broad-leaved monocot herbs form one of the most common and diverse growth forms of Neotropical plants. Their significance and frequency of occurrence is particularly notable in the understories of tropical rainforests, where they form a dominant element. We assessed and quantified changes in the cover and diversity of understory herb communities in a chronosequence of 1 ha permanent plots established as part of a multidisciplinary study on tropical forest regeneration in the Atlantic lowlands of northeastern Costa Rica. Sampled were two young stands cleared 12 years ago, two secondary forests with 21 and 39 of years of recovery since clearance, and two stands in old-growth primary forest. Changes in species composition during succession were assessed using Chao’s Jaccard similarity index. Observed species richness ranged from 15 to 26 species in individual plots, with the greatest number of species in the 21-year intermediate-age and fewest in the young 12-year plots. Herb species sampled represented 6 families, 15 genera, and 39 species, with the Araceae contributing the largest number of species. Ten species were sampled in all six stands, while fourteen species were found exclusively in one plot. Herb density (ramets m−2) showed a hump-shade trend, with peak density in the intermediate stands and a lower level in mature and young secondary forests. Mean herb cover in 25 m2 quadrats ranged from 2.0% (young stand) to 22.7% (intermediate-age stand) and differed significantly both among stand types and among sites. Both observed and estimated species richness increased along the chronosequence as a whole, with the highest number of species in primary forest, although only slightly higher than in intermediate-age stands. Over half of the species exhibited some degree of clonal growth, with the extent of clonal spread varying among species and forest stands. Although we did not find a clear pattern between clonality and forest age, we observed a greater number of clonal patches in secondary over primary forest stands.

Creazione e ricreazione di un personaggio postmoderno: il caso di Salvatore nel Nome della rosa di Umberto Eco

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the linguistic-textual representation of Salvatore in Umberto Eco’s novel The Name of the Rose and its Slovene, Croatian, Czech and Polish translations. The first part of the article deals with different linguistic and intertextual layers composing Salvatore’s original utterances, while the second part is devoted to Salvatore’s translated language, concentrating – primarily – on his heteroglossia and intertextuality. Salvatore is a grotesque plurilinguistic and intertextual character born out of the rich erudite immagination of Umberto Eco. The four translated Salvatores appear also as strange babelic monks whose multilingualism expands by adding a dominant Slavic linguistic element to the source-text heteroglossia. The intertextual dimension of translated Salvatores, on one hand, diminishes as most source-text citations blend into the translated linguistic mosaic, but, on the other hand, it also increases by gaining an additional metatextual (translational) dimension and, equally important, by incorporating a substantial part of Eco’s original text.

Mineral content in freshwater fish in Shaanxi Province in 2021

To understand the mineral content of freshwater fish produced in Shaanxi Province and evaluate its related nutritional value. According to the 2021 Shaanxi Provincial nutrition monitoring plan, the 9 mineral contents of 13 varieties of freshwater fish, produced in Shaanxi province, were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The nutritional evaluation of mineral elements was carried out by using the index of nutritional quality(INQ) method. Simultaneously, the correlation between 9 minerals and energy was analyzed by SPSS software. Among the 13 fish species, the contents of P and K were highest, with content ranges of 169-255 and 159-373 mg/100 g, respectively, followed by sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc. The contents of copper and manganese were lowest. The nutritional evaluation showed that the INQ values of P, K and Mg were than 1, the INQ value of P was highest, which was 4.57-8.72. Some fish have INQ values greater than 1 for calcium, iron, copper and zinc. The correlation between the nine minerals was not strong, as a whole. Only some elements have a correlation coefficient greater than 0.6, indicating that there was a synergistic accumulation effect or antagonistic effect in the fish body. The dominant mineral elements in different species of fish were different. However, most fish species can be used as high-quality food sources of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, copper and zinc.