Dominance Of Number Research Articles

Animal Lives Affected by Meat Consumption Trends in the G20 Countries.

Trends in dietary habits have far-reaching implications, but their impact on animals remains insufficiently explored, as many people continue to dissociate meat from individual animal lives. This research study quantifies the temporal development of the number of animal lives affected by meat consumption within the G20 countries between 1961 and 2020 and forecasts for 2030. Production (including slaughter) and historical and projected food balance data were analyzed to explore these trends. The results indicate an increase in the number of animal lives affected due to increasing consumption, but discrepancies exist between different countries and animal categories. Increases are stronger in emerging countries, such as China, than in more industrialized countries, such as Germany. Overall, the number of animals affected grows 1.7 times as fast as meat consumption due to a shift towards poultry. Poultry birds are affected by far the most, and their dominance in number only slightly reduces when considering the differentiated moral values of the animals, reflecting their sentience. Until 2030, we can expect further increases in the number of animal lives affected. The findings highlight the need for progressive legislation to address the complex trade-offs and challenges in reversing the increasing trends in the number of animals affected.

Inflation in symmergent metric-Palatini gravity

In this paper, we study the cosmological inflation phenomenon in symmergent gravity theory. Symmergent gravity is a novel framework which merges gravity and the standard model (SM) so that the gravity emerges from the matter loops and restores the broken gauge symmetries along the way. Symmergent gravity is capable of inducing the gravitational constant G and the quadratic curvature coefficient cO from the loop corrections of the matter sector in a flat space-time. In the event that all the matter fields, including the beyond the standard model (BSM) sector, are mass degenerate, the vacuum energy can be expressed in terms of G and cO . The parameter which measures the deviation from the mass degeneracy is dubbed α̂. The parameters, cO and α̂, of symmergent gravity convey the information about the fermion and boson balance in the matter (SM+BSM) sector in number and in mass, respectively. In our analysis, we have investigated the space of the symmergent parameters cO and α̂ wherein they produce results that comply with the inflationary observables ns , r, and dns /d ln k.We have shown that the vacuum energy together with the quadratic curvature term arising in the symmergent gravity prescription are capable of inflating the universe provided that the quadratic curvature coefficient cO is negative (which corresponds to fermion dominance in number in the matter sector) and the deviation from the mass degeneracy in the matter sector is minute for both boson mass dominance and fermion mass dominance cases.

Microplastics In The Marine Environment, Presence In Water And Interaction With Marine Organisms.

This study is done in the framework of CLAIM project (Cleaning Litter by developing & Applying Innovative Methods in European seas). The objective is to advance the knowledge on the current status of marine plastic pollution in the Gulf of Gabes area of the Mediterranean Sea, by quantifying and qualifying the microplastics in water and biota samples. The results obtained show a high abundance of microplastics in all marine compartments studied with an average abundance of 1.16 items/m3 ± 0.83 SD in the water sample. This concentration is relatively high compared to those reported in other Mediterranean regions. Dominance in number of fragments over other shapes of microplastics was reported in all sites. Polyethylene was the main plastic polymer for water samples (73% of the items analyzed are Polyethylene). These data underscore that the Gulf of Gabes region is a hotspot for plastic pollution, and this calls urgently for precautionary measures. Concerning the ingestion of microplastics by marine organisms, one blue plastic particle of 0.13 mm was found in 20 tested fishes. In addition, ecotoxicological tests were run in order to verify whether 1-4 and 20-25 μm polyethylene beads are likely to trigger lethal and sub-lethal responses in marine planktonic crustaceans and the results show that microplastics were accumulated in crustaceans, and may affect mortality.

Epidemiology of attempted suicides in emergency of Mayo Hospital in 2004

Background: Suicide is one of the ten leading causes of death in the world, it ranks 8th leading cause in America and 4th as years of lost life. It accounts for more than 400,000 deaths annually. Different countries have different incidence rate and suicidal patterns, which are in accordance to their cultural, religious and social values. Suicide, a major global public health problem, is an under-studied and under researched subject in Pakistan, a conservative Islamic and developing country, with severe, legal, social and religious sanctions against it. Basic epidemiological data including national suicide rates are neither known nor reported to the World Health Organization. Despite this there is strong suggestive evidence that suicide not only occurs regularly but there has been an increase in the incidence over the last few years. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate all the cases that presented in Mayo hospital Lahore from the duration 1st January 2004-31st December 2004, of attempted suicide. We wanted to find out what area they belonged to, which age group had an increased incidence, what was the male to female ratio, What method of suicide was adopted and during which season was the incidence the greatest. Materials and methods: All people who attempted suicide (medico-legal cases) from 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2004 were included in the study. Detailed information was provided by forensic department in Mayo Hospital, about age, sex, date of attempt and area they belonged to. Results: showed a male dominance, also the age group of 21-30 years showed the greatest frequency. Greater number of cases belonged to the urban area, the most common mode of suicide was by poisoning and contrary to international studies the greatest number of attempts was during the summer season. Conclusion: The results in our study show that attempted suicidal rate has rapidly increased since 1995. In 2004 almost 4/day of attempted suicide (medico-legal) cases presented in the emergency department of Ma yo hospital compared to less than 0.4/day in 1995. Our study also shows male dominance in number of attempted suicide. It also showed that in our population 21-30years had the highest number of attempts. . Our study also shows a greater number of attempts during summer months where as in the western countries a greater number is shown during spring and winter.

Production of plural nouns in German: evidence from non-fluent aphasia

This paper investigates the production of German plural nouns by two aphasic participants with non-fluent speech production. Experimental tasks included two production tasks: (1) picture naming of single and multiple objects, and (2) an elicitation task of singular and plural nouns. Materials were controlled for regularity and predictability of plural form, and for dominance of number, referring to the relative difference in word form frequency between a singular and its corresponding plural form. Both regularity and number dominance have been shown to affect plural noun production in both unimpaired and aphasic speakers, but the underlying functional origin of these effects is still a matter of debate. The results point to differences in the lexical representation and processing of regular and irregular German plural nouns. Thus, the data are in line with the dual mechanism account.

Seasonal and nocturnal activities of the rhinoceros borer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the north Saharan oases ecosystems.

The rhinoceros borer Oryctes agamemnon Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a date palm insect pest that causes damage to trunk and roots of palm trees in several countries, including Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to monitor the seasonal and nocturnal activities of this beetle. Experiments were performed on a date palm of Rjim Maatoug during a 6-yr period (2004–2007, 2009–2010). Field survey using light traps shows that O. agamemnon is a univoltine, with a single population peak. Adults appear in the field around late May–early June and the population continued to build until maximum numbers are reached between the end of July and the beginning of August in the same year. No adults were found after first 10 d of November. This peak was characterized by female dominance in number. The monitoring of nocturnal activity showed that it starts its activities roughly 40 min after the sundown and continues until approximately 1 h before sunrise. The highest number of trapped beetles was remarked in the two first hours of flight activity, with a dominance of female in the first hour and a dominance of male in the second hour. We remarked that the sex ratio (female:male) of the cumulated number of trapped adults in the different years and nights of survey was in favor of females.

Response of macrobenthic communities to an hydraulic intervention in an enclosed lagoon (Valle di Gorino, northern Italy)

To assess the recovery of the lagoon in the Valle di Gorino, Italy, the macrobenthic assemblages were studied throughout a two year period, i.e. before and after the opening of a floodgate. Three stations were located along a gradient of confinement, and sampled for macrofauna, water and sedimentary parameters. Analyses were performed through univariate and multivariate techniques. The macrobenthic assemblages were characterized by a small total number of species, strong dominance in number by a few of these species, and low diversity, but changes in community structure and composition were clearly recognizable. Significant negative correlations were found between macroalgae and macrobenthic community attributes. The altered hydrological regime due to the opening of the floodgate disrupted macroalgal cycles and altered the related macrofaunal successional dynamics: species linked to the macroalgal degradation phase became dominant throughout the Valle. After the intervention, all areas exhibited similar species composition and abundances, and appeared to be in a permanently disturbed condition. A rescaling of environmental conditions repositioned species roles in the community: those species which were typical of a certain phase of the former successional progression, were successively dominating the whole lagoon, irrespective of time and the estuarine gradient. After the intervention, the spatial and temporal distribution of macrobenthic taxa was under the control of factors linked to organic enrichment of the sediments.

The Fire-Eaters (review)

I58CIVIL WAR HISTORY stereotypes handed down by earlier writers. He appears to be at times a little puzzled by evidence to the contrary. For instance, Davis was, it is said, notoriously impatient, yet the author concludes that in the case of Joseph E. Johnston (of all people) he was too patient. He also, perhaps in an effort to avoid being too friendly to his man, stops to criticize him rather gratuitously on occasion. When the author comes to strike the final balance, he finds that the credits "somewhat outweigh" (704) the debits—not very satisfying, perhaps , but at least an honest admission of the complexity of the task at hand. Then there comes what must be the inescapable comparison: "Not even Lincoln could have achieved Confederate independence, though with his human and executive skills he would certainly have done a betterjob than Davis. But that is because Lincoln was truly a great man. Jefferson Davis was a good man, possessed of elements of greatness, but few of them suited to the impossible task he was called upon to perform" (704). William C. Davis may not have written the definitive biography ofhis man, if there is such a thing as a definitive biography, but he has written one that will be useful to a wide variety of readers for years to come. He leaves us considerably in his debt. Ludwell H. Johnson, III College of William and Mary The Fire-Eaters. By Eric H. Walther. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992. Pp. xv, 333. Illustrations. Cloth, $39.95; paper, $12.95.) Throughout his collective biography of nine secessionists, Eric Walther weaves a complex tapestry of the personal lives and careers of the fire-eaters and, by extension, the Southern society which they sought to preserve. Fireeaters , Walther maintains, must be understood as standing apart from both moderate states' rights politicians who would use the threat of secession to extract Northern concessions on the slavery question as well as other radicals who promoted Southern interests but stopped short of secession. If states' rights politicians and radicals sought Southern salvation within the Union, Walther's fire-eaters viewed secession as the means by which Southern liberty , independence, and honor would be preserved and perpetuated. Secessionists pursued this objective with a common single-mindedness that belied the diversity of their backgrounds and interests. Louis T. Wigfall's poverty and crudeness contrasted with John A. Quitman's wealth and Laurence Keitt's ennobled sense of honor. Edmund Ruffin was sixty-six when South Carolina seceded; William Porcher Miles was thirty-eight. Nathaniel Beverly Tucker withdrew from politics to teach the theory of secession in the classroom; William Lowndes Yancey was the quintessential political agitator. Robert Barnwell Rhett, driven and devious, became an adroit political tactician , while fellow South Carolinian Miles forever struggled to reconcile abstract principles with political realities. Ruffin and James D. B. De Bow both BOOK REVIEWS159 criticized the South's economy; yet Ruffin championed scientific agriculture while De Bow promoted industrialization. Walther contends that, paradoxically, complexity and diversity underlay the fire-eaters' success in realizing their commonly shared objective. Believing that by their nature, politicians and parties jeopardized Southern rights and liberties through compromise and by avoiding decisive action on the slavery question, secessionists were early on alienated from the republic's political system. Yet rather than form a third party, these dissimilar individuals appealed separately and together to a variety of interests and individuals in the South who, by the end of the Buchanan administration, too came to believe that only a Southern republic could preserve their society and traditional liberties. Without duplicity or hypocrisy, their message resonated with agriculturists and industrialists, slaveholders and non-slaveholders, citydwellers and yeomen. Although diverse in guise, the fire-eater message was consistent and simple. A diseased North, corrupt and class-ridden, posed an overwhelming and immutable threat to the South. By dominance of numbers and a manipulation of the spirit if not the letter of the Constitution, Northern politicians would limit then abolish slavery—an institution which by promoting white equality and liberty, secured the liberties of republican government. Drawing on the ideals and heritage of the Founding Fathers, fire-eaters espoused a...