Domestic Wastewater Management Research Articles

Institutions in System Implementation Waste Water Management Domestic Centralized (SPALD-T) in Pekayon Village Subdistrict Sukadiri Tangerang Regency

This study aims to determine the role of institutions in the implementation of the Centralized Domestic Wastewater Management System (SPALD-T) in Pekayon Village, Sukadiri Subdistrict, Tangerang Regency. The research method used is qualitative, with a descriptive approach. The data processing techniques used in this research are observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis used in this research is interactive analysis, according to Miles and Huberman. In this study, the data credibility test was used to test the validity of the data. The data credibility test was carried out by triangulation. The results of this study indicate that the institutional effectiveness of regional apparatus organizations in Tangerang Regency is not yet effective. In terms of leadership, the Tangerang Regency Government has issued Tangerang Regent Regulation No. 80/2017 on Domestic Wastewater Management as a guideline for the implementation of SPALD-T. In terms of doctrine, the Tangerang District government's efforts to indoctrinate the community to actively participate in the implementation of SPALD-T in Pekayon Village are not optimal. Next, the program aspect has led to the fulfillment of community rights, which is also in accordance with the design that has been made, but many targets have not been achieved. Furthermore, the overall resources aspect is still lacking and cannot be utilized optimally. Then, in terms of internal structure, the Tangerang District Government's institutional strengthening is lacking because there is no organizational structure for the DPOs involved in SPALD-T implementation, and communication between DPOs is not good.

Synergic Usage of Pistia stratiotes sp., Eichhornia crassipes sp., Typha angustifolia sp., and Lepironia Articulata sp. Plants for Sewage Treatment via Phytoremediation Technology

Introduction Domestic wastewater management is challenging on a worldwide level. The discharge of a large amount of nitrogen and phosphate from sewage accelerates pollution can lead to reduced oxygen levels, excessive algal blooms, the expansion of aquatic weed plants, and the destruction of the aquatic environment. As a result, the right wastewater treatment is required prior to discharge into natural water bodies in order to prevent contamination and fulfill the wastewater acceptable limits established by the government and environmental protection agencies. For Previous studies, most of the research is carried out in a controlled environment within a small time frame. Phytoremediation offers a viable alternative by harnessing the natural capabilities of plants to enhance the degradation and removal of pollutants in sewage. Aims The objective of this study is to evaluate the phytoremediation performance using Pistia stratiotes sp., Eichhornia Crassipes sp., Typha angustifolia sp., and Lepironia Articulata sp. in treating real domestic wastewater. Methods The phytoremediation system conducted continuous treatment at the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) effluent at Selangor, Malaysia. To the best of our knowledge there are no studies conducted on the phytoremediation plant in real STP using 4 types of aquatic plants in a row to achieve a high percentage removal of pollutants. This research observation was conducted by collecting data every 2 weeks for 4 consecutive months including the maintenance terms. In terms of pollutant removal, the phytoremediation system showed the highest removal efficiency in all tested parameters. Results The highest removal efficiency recorded for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) were 68.38%, 70.95%, 59.21% and 25.00%, respectively. Conclusion Following the guidelines of the Environmental Quality (Sewage Effluent) Regulation 2009 Malaysia, synergic usage of the aquatic plant had successfully achieved Standard A for sewage discharge after applying the phytoremediation technology while it has been proven that the environmentally friendly technologies can reduce the risk of water pollution by using the selected plant and may solve the water shortage with a cost-effective and efficient solution to wastewater treatment.

Filtration of Grey Water Using Herbs in a Columnar Evaluation

Filtration of Grey Water Using Herbs in a Columnar Evaluation

Pendampingan Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik di Lingkungan Kecamatan Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur

Domestic wastewater management in Pasar Rebo District, East Jakarta, is the focus of community service activities (P2M) carried out by the Urban and Regional Development Studies Study Program team in collaboration with the UNKRIS Civil Engineering Study Program. The aim of this activity is to increase community awareness and ability in managing domestic wastewater in their environment. The team provided technical guidance to improve the household wastewater management system and daily community behavior through FGD activities carried out for one day by inviting all leaders from sub-districts in Pasar Rebo District. Service methods include initial surveys, interactive discussions, and evaluations. The results noted a significant increase in residents' understanding and actions regarding wastewater management. The emphasis on active community participation strengthens the positive impact of this activity in creating a foundation for improving the quality of life to support the One Million Orchid Village program in Pasar Rebo District.

ANALISIS PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR DOMESTIK DI PULAU PRAMUKA KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SERIBU, DKI JAKARTA

Domestic liquid waste can contaminate the soil, damage aquatic ecosystems, affect people's drinking water sources, cause germs of disease and cause unpleasant odors if not managed properly. This study aims to analyze the processing of domestic wastewater on Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands Regency, DKI Jakarta.
 This study used an observational method regarding waste management and the quality of domestic wastewater. This research was conducted on Pramuka Island, Thousand Islands Regency, DKI Jakarta. From the results of observations regarding the processing of liquid waste, it is described in detail and the quality of the liquid waste will be compared with the Decree of the Minister of State for Environment and Forestry Number 68 of 2016 and Regulation of the Minister of Environment Number 19 of 2010.
 Laboratory test results and analysis show that the management of Pramuka Island's domestic wastewater meets quality standards, except for the inlet and outlet sampling points of WWTP Zone 3, only the ammonia parameter (NH3-N)+ the measurement results are above the established quality standard.

Coffee Shop Liquid Waste Treatment System Using Portable Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP)

Coffee shops produce waste that is included in the category of domestic waste in a fairly large amount. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out domestic wastewater management. One solution is the design of an integrated portable WWTP that can treat waste from coffee shop business activities. The advantages of using WWTP are that it is simple and does not require large amounts of land. The processing of this WWTP consists of filtration and precipitation. The wastewater to be filtered will be separated from the solids, after which it will be continued with stratified filtration using activated carbon. In the study, variations in flow rate were carried out to determine processing efficiency, namely variations in tap openings of 30o, 45o, and 90owith water flow rate of 200, 360, and 570 mL/s. The result of research, the portable Wastewater Treatment Plant with activated carbon filtration designed has been able to treat coffee shop liquid waste. The variation of flow rate in the processing of coffee shop liquid waste affects the processing results where the smaller the flow rate, the greater the efficiency reduction. The optimum flow rate variation in this study is 200 mL/s with a COD removal efficiency of 48.5%, TSS 72.8%, Coliform 66.6%, TDS 62.5%, and pH 6.2. The suggestion that can be given is the addition of a biological treatment system to optimize the performance of Portable WWTP.

Domestic wastewater masterplan for Ciamis Regency

In Ciamis Regency, domestic wastewater is the largest pollutant entering waterways. One way to monitor and control wastewater is to improve wastewater disposal. The government has set targets in 2015-2019, including the provision of 100% drinking water coverage, a target of 0% of households occupying uninhabitable housing and settlements (slums) in urban areas, and achieving 100% sanitation. This plan aims to provide adequate sanitation facilities for domestic wastewater disposal, particularly in urban areas of the Ciamis Regency. This master plan examines the technical and technological aspects of domestic wastewater management planning. It is planned to build 4 urban-scale IPALs that will serve 20% of the urban population in the Ciamis Regency. It is planned to build 4 urban- scale IPALs in Ciamis Sub-district and one in the Banjarsari Sub-district. The main IPAL housing buildings are expected to be in Kawali Sub-district and Panjalu Sub-district. In addition, it is planned, local system services in 3 (three) IPLT service areas are planned to be implemented in stages. The first phase is the optimization of the existing IPLT (Cijeunjing IPLT), the second phase is the construction of an IPLT in the Kawali Sub-district, and the third phase is the construction of an IPLT in the Banjaranyar Sub-district. The construction of the IPLT is expected to serve around 70% of the urban population.

Penentuan Jenis dan Wilayah Prioritas Pelayanan Sistem Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik di Kecamatan Rancasari Kota Bandung

Rancasari Subdistrict is located in Bandung City, comprises four urban villages, encompassing 0,19 km2 with six blocks of light slum areas. Slum areas are areas that tend to have more vulnerable environmental conditions due to the minimal availability of environmental infrastructure, one of which is sanitation facilities. Based on this, Rancasari subdistrict needs to determine the type of domestic wastewater management system service and priority service areas. Determination of the service type of domestic wastewater management system is determined based on Attachment 1 of Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Number 4 of 2017, while priority areas are determined based on Bandung City Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2022, Regional Regulations Bandung City Number 10 of 2015, and the area of slum settlements in each village. Rancasari Subdistrict is suitable for on-site system, while the main priority area is Manjahlega Village, then Mekarjaya, Derwati, and Cipamokolan. It is necessary to develop domestic wastewater management system facilities in the main priority area in the form of development of existing communal septic tanks and communal wastewater treatment facility, as well as the closure of piped domestic wastewater disposal facility leading to the Cidurian River to stop open defecation.

Poor Industrial and Domestic Wastewater Management in Developing Countries, Resulting in Depleting Drinkable Water Resources: a Geophysical and Hydrochemical Application

Poor Industrial and Domestic Wastewater Management in Developing Countries, Resulting in Depleting Drinkable Water Resources: a Geophysical and Hydrochemical Application

Lesson Learned from Yangon to Mandalay on Wastewater Treatment Systems

This paper presents a comparative analysis of wastewater management practices in Myanmar’s major cities, Yangon and Mandalay, with a focus on drawing valuable lessons from Yangon’s experiences and proposing recommendations for the improvement of Mandalay’s domestic wastewater management, drawing insights from a SWOT analysis. Both cities are facing challenges due to rapid urbanization, leading to untreated discharge into the environment. The study identifies common challenges in both Yangon and Mandalay, such as limited treatment capacity, environmental concerns, and funding gaps. The decentralized-centralized strategy is a successful approach for Yangon even though the capacity is not high. Results showed that 17.5% of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) users were highly satisfied and 45% were somewhat satisfied. Yangon’s experience with centralized systems showed that it took several years to cover the entire city for treatment, resulting in issues to cover revenue expenditures. If Mandalay adopts a similar, it will likely encounter the same issues. A recommended approach would be to implement an integrated system with DEWATS, which offers a better solution. The recommendations for sustainable wastewater management in Mandalay include active stakeholders’ involvement in decision-making, promoting community participation, and providing training. Transparency and shared responsibility are crucial for success. Addressing membrane fouling, sludge disposal, and implementing monthly fees are essential for sustainable implementation. An integrated approach along with environmental and social impact assessments are necessary to develop a cost-effective and efficient wastewater treatment system while safeguarding public health and the environment. These insights offer broader implications, guiding developing countries towards more effective and environmentally responsible wastewater management practices.

Analysis of Social Return on Investment for The Sekar Arum Domestic Wastewater Management System in Malang

The study focuses on the analysis of the Social Return on Investment (SROI) of the Sekar Arum Centralized Wastewater Treatment System (SPALD) in Malang, Indonesia. The research attempts to answer the main question regarding the economic, social, and environmental impacts produced by this program. The research methodology involved collecting both quantitative and qualitative data and consulting with stakeholders to understand their perceptions of the value and benefits of this initiative. The main findings suggest that investments in sanitation produce broad and multiplying benefits, including improved public health, reduced environmental pollution, and enhanced quality of life. The thesis delves into the significant implications of investing in sanitation and offers recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of the SPALD program. In conclusion, this thesis strengthens the understanding that investment in sanitation is a profitable and sustainable strategy that can help improve societal well-being and environmental health.

EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE GABUNGAN METODE BIOFILTER ANAEROB DAN FITOREMEDIASI DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR BOD, COD DAN TSS PADA LIMBAH CAIR DOMESTIK

The increasing population is one of the impacts of population density is the increasing need for drinking water, which also impacts increasing the amount of wastewater released. One approach that can be used in domestic wastewater management is using anaerobic biofilter and phytoremediation technology methods to reduce pollution levels. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of anaerobic biofilter and phytoremediation in reducing BOD, COD, and TSS levels in domestic wastewater at Perum Sumput Asri, Driyorejo District, Gresik Regency. This study uses variations of Biofilter media, namely in reactor one using ginger coral media and in the second reactor using bioring media for phytoremediation plants using water hyacinth plants. The retention time is 12 hours in each basin with a discharge of 3.6 l / hour with a continuous upflow system. The results of research from biofilter and phytoremediation media variations are very good coral ginger and water hyacinth biofilter media which have the effectiveness of reducing BOD levels by an average of 53%, COD levels by an average of 51.39% and TSS levels by an average of 72.40%.

Stakeholder Analysis of Sustainable Wastewater Management: A Case Study of Bogor, Indonesia

Wastewater management in Bogor, Indonesia faces significant challenges in achieving sustainability. The success of the development of wastewater management requires an analysis of the characteristics of the actors related to the relationship between actors, the attitude of actors toward development goals, and the possibility of alliances and conflicts that arise. The research aims to identify the actors’ typologies based on the strengths and relationships between the actors’ and the actors’ attitudes toward managing fast-growing areas in self-help settlements based on domestic wastewater management for the area of Bogor Town, Indonesia. This research uses a case study approach, and data were collected through observation, interviews, and focus group discussions. Data analysis used the MACTOR method (Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts Tactics, Objectives, and Recommendations) to identify the stakeholder actors’ strengths, relationships, and patterns of alliances. The results showed that the most influential actors in wastewater management are the Housing and Settlements Agency (DISRUMKIM), Regional Drinking Water Companies (PDAM), entrepreneurs (PUSAHA), MEDIA, the Regional People’s Representative Council (DPRD), Regional Development Planning Agency (BAPPEDA), Public Works and Spatial Planning Service (DPUPR), and the Health Service (DINKES). In addition, the highest divergence value was 35, which occurred in Sub-District Tanah Sareal (KEC. TANSAR) to PUSAHA. There are four actors with a high level of ambivalence, namely Sub-District Bogor Selatan (KEC BOSEL), Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), MEDIA, and Environment Service (DLH). These findings form the basis for developing a pattern of collaboration between all stakeholders necessary for the development of sustainable wastewater management in Bogor, Indonesia. In addition, this finding allows it to be used as relevant information, and it can be implemented in other cities with the same characteristics as Bogor Town is facing similar challenges in wastewater management.

Determination of Strategy Planning of Domestic Wastewater Management System in a Commercial Area of Tasikmalaya City

The domestic wastewater in Cihideung and Tawang Subdistricts as central business district (CBD) areas in Tasikmalaya City is only served by an on-site domestic wastewater management system or Sistem Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik Setempat (SPALD-S) which could deteriorate the environment. This study aims to determine the most appropriate type, strategy, and development direction of SPALD based on the existing local conditions for the next 20 years in CBD areas in big cities such as Tasikmalaya. The two methods were used: the multicriteria decision analysis method which refers to the Regulation of the Minister of PUPR Number 04 of 2017, and the Quantitative SWOT analysis method refers to the Guidelines for Preparing a Wastewater Management System Plan. The results of the analysis show that integrated SPALD (SPALD-T) must be implemented aggressively in the two sub-districts based on the key parameters of the existing SPALD conditions, potential for soil contamination, potential danger to air receiving bodies, socio-economic characteristics of the community, public health conditions, education level, financial capability, and the availability of regulations regarding SPALD. The SPALD-T development is suggested to be carried out in stages by determining priority zones for every five years of the planning period.

Solar photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of urea in water coupled to green hydrogen production

In past decades, the intensification of human activities has led to an increase in pollution and energy demand. Photoelectrochemical systems have emerged as an alternative for the decentralized management of domestic wastewater with the potential of recovering energy while degrading pollutants such as urea. Tungsten oxide (WO3) has been traditionally used for water splitting, but the use of this material for the removal of waste from water coupled to hydrogen production is not deeply known until now. This contribution shows an exhaustive and systematic investigation on WO3 photoanodes for the photoelectrochemical oxidation of urea and the generation of hydrogen, with insights on the reaction mechanism, detailed nitrogen balance investigation of the process, and analysis of the performance compared to well-accepted materials. The WO3 platelets were successfully synthesized in situ on fluorine doped tin oxide glass by a hydrothermal method. The performance of WO3 was compared to titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a benchmark. The photocurrent was enhanced for both electrodes when urea was added to the electrolyte, with WO3 showing one order of magnitude higher photocurrent than TiO2. The WO3 electrode showed a peak incident photon-to-current efficiency of 43% at 360 nm and a much greater rate constant for urea oxidation (1.47 × 10−2 min−1), compared to the TiO2 photoanode (16% at 340 nm and 1.1 × 10−3 min−1). The influence of different reactor configurations was also evaluated testing one- and two-compartment back-face irradiated photoelectrochemical cells. Hydrogen was generated with a Faradaic efficiency of 87.3% and a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 1.1%. These findings aim to contribute to the development of technologies based on the photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen coupled with the oxidation of pollutants in wastewater.

Assessment of solid and liquid wastes management and health impacts along the failed sewerage systems in capital cities of African countries: case of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

The management of domestic wastewater and rainwater is a major concern for the population of Yopougon. The study presents the causes of wastewater discharge from dysfunctional sewers and their health impacts on the population. It also highlights the environmental and health risk associated with poor solid and liquid waste management. This was based on literature search, semi-participatory workshop, physicochemical and bacteriological characterization of wastewater and finally through a household survey. The field survey was conducted on 245 household heads obtained using the Canadian statistical guidelines. The results obtained indicated that all main pollution indicators were; total nitrogen (TN, 525 ± 0.02 to 3077 ± 0.3 mg/l), nitrates (NO3, 146 ± 0.01 to 1347 ± 0.12 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD, 278 ± 195.16 to 645 ± 391.74 mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 940 ± 650.54 to 4050.5 ± 71.42 mg/l) and total dissolved solids (TDS, 151 ± 9.9 to 766 ± 237.59 mg/l) which were above the values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Cote d'Ivoire national policy guidelines standards for the discharge of effluents into the environment. The analysis of the bacterial flora of the effluents revealed that the concentrations of Total Coliforms and fecal streptococci exceeded the values recommended by the WHO and national policy guidelines standards. This means that the populations of this area are prone to infectious diseases. Diseases such as malaria (84.53%), respiratory infections (61%), diarrhea (48.66%), intestinal diseases (44.5%), and typhoid fever (28.84%) were prevalent in the surveyed households.

CHARACTERISATION AND POLLUTANT LOAD OF GREYWATER CONTAINING PERSONAL CARE COSMETIC PRODUCTS (PCCPS) FOR BODY CARE

Personal Care Cosmetic Products (PCCPs) are used on the exterior of the body, such as the skin, nails, hair, lips, external genitalia, teeth, and oral membranes. Greywater from a bathing activity is a significant contributor to domestic wastewater quantity. The greywater contains residual substances from the rinsing process of body care products. Aim: This study will focus on the characteristic and the specific pollutant load of greywater generated from the usage of shower gel. Methodology and Results: The characterization and specific pollutant loads are conducted based on artificial greywater which is made from three brands of shower gel which is diluted in tap water. The greywater from body cleaning activities has a pH value in the range of 7.26-7.33; total phosphate in the range of 1.71-3.09 mg/L; the value of NTK total Kjedahl nitrogen in the range of 2.45-4.03 mg/L; total COD in the range of 380.97-506.16 mg/L; dissolved COD values in the range of 310.92-393.68 mg/L; TSS value in the range of 62-229.50 mg/L; and TDS values in the range of 283-376.67 mg/L. The specific pollutant load generated from shower gel usage in greywater are 0.012 g TP/person/day; 0.016 g TKN/person/day; 2.14 g Total COD/person/day; 1.59 g dissolved COD/person/day; 0.94 g/person/day for TSS; and 1.48 g/person/day for TDS. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The Greywater from shower gel usage contains physical and chemical constituents that can promote environmental deterioration. The finding of this research will provide useful information for domestic wastewater management and system design, especially for urban areas in Indonesia.

THE URGENCY OF ESTABLISHING A LOCAL GOVERNMENT REGULATION CONCERNING WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN LUWU REGENCY

Domestic wastewater is defined as wastewater contains various hazardous chemicals and microbes which causes environmental pollutions especially the source mainly for raw water sources as the drinking water from rivers and lakes, either the ground water. The importance in protecting and preserving environmental functions, thus obliged the regional government in Luwu Regency to manage the domestic wastewater. This study aims to understand the urgency of Establishing a Regional Regulation Concerning Wastewater Management in Luwu Regency. Through empirical juridical research conducted by the researcher to obtain research results i.e. The management of domestic wastewater in Luwu Regency is not yet optimal. Communities need adequate facilities and infrastructure e.g vacuum trucks and IPLT, education on domestic waste management to require the participations of the communities and private sectors can play an active role, and integrated funding and institutional needs. Luwu Regency needs the regulations in the form of Regional Regulations which is technically regulate the management of domestic wastewater in the particular importance for the community to have a better quality and healthy living environment to support the development of the good health and well-being of the communities.

Integrated Hydroponics-Microbial Electrochemical Technology (iHydroMET) is promising for Olericulture along with domestic wastewater management

Integrated Hydroponics-Microbial Electrochemical Technology (iHydroMET) has emerged as a promising decentralized option for efficient domestic wastewater management. Considering its intended application at households and the aim of offering useful plant cultivation options to the end users, this study focused on testing the Olericulture feasibility in sewage-treating iHydroMET design in wastewater-saturated (SW) and unsaturated (UW) reactor conditions. The systems operated outdoors in drip-hydroponics batch recirculation mode achieved efficient COD (87.4 ± 5 % and 82.1 ± 4.4 %) and turbidity (98.8 ± 0.5 % and 95.8 ± 0.9 %) but low total nitrogen (14.9 ± 3 % and 36.7 ± 6.7 %) removal in UW and SW conditions, respectively. Spinach and Chilli yield in UW and SW conditions were 21.1 ± 5.9 and 4.4 ± 1.2 g/plant and 32.7 ± 3.1 and 12.8 ± 2.4 g/plant, respectively. Chilli quality was compromised marginally in wastewater; however, Spinach yield was similar to that obtained in control with nutrient-rich Hoagland solution. These findings validate iHydroMET's benefits for growing leafy vegetables besides wastewater management at households.

POLITICS IN PUBLIC SERVICES OF TANGERANG CITY GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

Tangerang City is the most populous city in Banten Province, it has the potential to cause environmental problems. One of the problems in Tangerang City is the management of domestic wastewater. This study aims to analyze the politics in public services of Tangerang City Government for Domestic Wastewater Management. This study used a qualitative method with descriptive analysis, where the data sources consisted of primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from interviews and observations and secondary data was obtained from documents issued by the Tangerang City Government. The results of this study indicate that the Tangerang City Government has assigned several agencies, such as the Regional Planning Agency, the Health Office, and the Department of Housing, Settlement, and Land, to respond to political demands from the community in managing domestic wastewater. In public service politics, the Tangerang City Government not only provides facilities and formulates service management, but also makes democratic local regulations and opens up space for the community to provide input and evaluation. In addition, this study finds that local regulations do not regulate substantive issues as institutions that bind domestic wastewater management in Tangerang City. The Tangerang City Government realizes that meeting the needs of the community is a political responsibility that must be fulfilled.