Domestic Violence In Relation Research Articles

The Hidden Pandemic: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Trauma Cases Due to Domestic Violence Admitted to the Biggest Level-One Trauma Center in Austria.

An alarming increase in domestic violence was reported during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in the frequency and the nature of domestic violence at the largest level-one trauma center in Austria. All patients admitted to our institution with domestic violence injuries 15 months before and after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic were included. For our analysis, we investigated the frequency of trauma patients after domestic violence in relation to all other trauma patients. Furthermore, age, sex, citizenship, injury pattern, injured body regions, injury mechanism, offender-victim relationship, and hospitalization rate were also analyzed. Among all trauma patients admitted, the ratio of patients who reported domestic violence injuries increased from 0.465% to 0.548% since the start of the pandemic. In addition, out of the total count of domestic violence victims, the percentage of Austrian citizens increased significantly from 51.2% to 60.6% (p = 0.016). All other parameters showed no significant changes pre and post-pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to a relative increase in patients with domestic violence injuries at the largest trauma unit in Austria, along with a significant increase among Austrian citizens. The remaining study parameters did not differ significantly, indicating that the frequency changed during the pandemic but not the underlying pattern of domestic violence.

Consequences of COVID-19 for victims of domestic violence in calls to the Finnish national Nollalinja helpline

ABSTRACT Domestic violence (DV) is a serious social and global problem and a human rights violation, and DV is exacerbated during periods of social crisis. This study elucidates how COVID-19 has affected life circumstances, changes in experienced violence, and seeking and receiving help through public services, using data from calls placed to the national Nollalinja helpline. The data are based on anonymous Nollalinja service tracking from April 2020 to December 2020. During that period, Nollalinja encountered 170 COVID-19 related DV calls. We identified four themes in the relationship between DV and COVID-19: (1) isolation and strained conditions; (2) escalation of violence; (3) difficulties and prolongation to seek help; (4) difficulties and prolongation obtaining help. The results were also interpreted by using an ecological model. At the individual level, COVID-19 and its associated restrictions affected emotions and increased problems. At the relationship level, the consequences were noticeably more time spent with the perpetrator of DV, increased exposure to the violence, and decreased opportunities to obtain help. At the community level, the consequences were prolongation and difficulties obtaining help. At the societal level, the restrictive measures and recommendations to minimize the transmission of COVID-19 increased the severity of DV in society at large. These results highlight important observations about points of weakness in the services during the pandemics. These findings can be used to help improve the training for professionals, services and the provision of aid for victims of DV during and after the social crisis.

Social mining for sustainable cities: thematic study of gender-based violence coverage in news articles and domestic violence in relation to COVID-19

We argue that social computing and its diverse applications can contribute to the attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs)—specifically to the SDGs concerning gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls, and to make cities and human settlements inclusive. To achieve the above goals for the sustainable growth of societies, it is crucial to study gender-based violence (GBV) in a smart city context, which is a common component of violence across socio-economic groups globally. This paper analyzes the nature of news articles reported in English newspapers of Pakistan, India, and the UK—accumulating 12,693 gender-based violence-related news articles. For the qualitative textual analysis, we employ Latent Dirichlet allocation for topic modeling and propose a Doc2Vec based word-embeddings model to classify gender-based violence-related content, called GBV2Vec. Further, by leveraging GBV2Vec, we also build an online tool that analyzes the sensitivity of Gender-based violence-related content from the textual data. We run a case study on GBV concerning COVID-19 by feeding the data collected through Google News API. Finally, we show different news reporting trends and the nature of the gender-based violence committed during the testing times of COVID-19. The approach and the toolkit that this paper proposes will be of great value to decision-makers and human rights activists, given the prompt and coordinated performance against gender-based violence in smart city context—and can contribute to the achievement of SDGs for sustainable growth of human societies.

Legal regulation of prevention of domestic violence in Ukraine

The aim of the article is to clarify the limits and content of the normative regulation of the prevention of domestic violence in Ukraine based on the values of natural law, the theory of criminal, civil and administrative law, and current legislation. In addition, an analysis of the legal support for the training and implementation of State policy in the field of protection of victims of domestic violence is carried out. The legal nature and content of the legal regulation of the prevention of domestic violence in Ukraine are revealed. The dialectical method contributed to the consideration and study of the problem in the unity of its social content and legal form and to the implementation of a systematic analysis of the normative regulation of the prevention of domestic violence in Ukraine. Everything allows us to conclude that the norms of international, European, and national law that regulate the relations of prevention and fight against domestic violence in Ukraine are articulated. Finally, special attention is paid to the organizational and legal aspects of the fight against domestic violence in relation to changes in Ukrainian legislation.

Alcohol Provoked Father-Son Assault: A Case Report from Nepal

Although a causal relationship between alcohol and violence is established, the actual number of alcohol related violence are seldom reported. Consumption of alcohol is part of ritual or ceremony in indigenous communities in Nepal. However, alcohol related domestic violence are rarity in Nepalese scenario. This may be because alcohol related domestic assaults and violence are usually 'secreted' and seldom published. We present a case of father-son alcohol related aggression for its unusualness of site and pattern.

Digital or Digitally Delivered Responses to Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19.

Before the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), 1 in 3 women and girls, globally, were victimized by an abusive partner in intimate relationships. However, the current pandemic has amplified cases of domestic violence (DV) against women and girls, with up to thrice the prevalence in DV cases compared to the same time last year. Evidence of the adverse effects of the pandemic on DV is still emerging, even as violence prevention strategies are iteratively being refined by service providers, advocacy agencies, and survivors to meet stay-at-home mandates. Emotional and material support for survivors is a critical resource increasingly delivered using digital and technology-based modalities, which offer several advantages and challenges. This paper rapidly describes current DV mitigation approaches using digital solutions, signaling emerging best practices to support survivors, their children, and abusers during stay-at-home advisories. Some examples of technology-based strategies and solutions are presented. An immediate priority is mapping out current digital solutions in response to COVID-19–related DV and outlining issues with uptake, coverage, and meaningful use of digital solutions.

Into the Darkest Corner: The Importance of Addressing Factor-Based Particularity in Relation to Domestic Violence Experiences in Post-Modern Literary Theory

This paper investigates how a survivor of a violent marital relationship could awaken and take positive counteraction against her oppressive husband, rather than remaining entrapped in a state of ‘learned helplessness’. The central contribution of this paper lies in highlighting particularity rather than sameness when investigating how oppression and male domination could function as factors that trigger positive counteraction and lead to the liberation of the silenced protagonist in Elizabeth Haynes’ novel Into the Darkest Corner. The model highlighted for the purpose of examination is Catherine, the protagonist of Elizabeth Haynes’ novel Into the Darkest Corner. The paper mainly focuses on addressing two questions ‘What are the protagonist’s violence experiences?’ and ‘What are the factors that served to reinforce and prolong the protagonist’s oppressive marriage?’. The struggle of the protagonist to put an end to her abusive marriage, and how she managed to overpower her post-traumatic stress disorder experience constitute the focal point of this paper, and are explored from a feminist psychoanalytical perspective, a task that has not been addressed in the available literature on domestic violence in relation to feminist and psychoanalytic criticism up to date. In order to investigate these aspects in the novel, this paper draws on the views of post-modern feminist literary theory. This literary approach is crucial to highlighting the gender-based inequality imposed on the protagonist by her abusive husband throughout the novel. The analytical approach followed in this paper is that of thematic analysis. The paper mainly highlights the recurrent themes of physical violence and post-traumatic stress disorder. Then, the paper examines the content of the novel to support the argument about the association between post-traumatic stress disorder and liberation. Thus, three main issues are addressed: Domestic violence types and definitions, feminist theoretical views in relation to male domination, and notions of post-traumatic stress disorder in relation to liberation in feminist post-modern literary criticism. The main argument in this paper is that post-traumatic stress disorder is not an introductory psychological phase that paves the way for learned helplessness. Rather, it is a state imposed by male domination and control that could be challenged, controlled and directed to lead to liberation from male authority and oppression with the availability of proper assistance.

The evolution of domestic violence prevention and control in Vietnam from 2003 to 2018: a case study of policy development and implementation within the health system

BackgroundInternationally, mental health and social care systems face significant challenges when implementing policy to prevent and respond to domestic violence (DV). This paper reviews the policy process pertaining to the national law on domestic violence prevention and control (DVPC) within the health system in Vietnam from 2003 to 2018, and critically examines the policy-making process and content, the involvement of key actors and the barriers to implementation within the health system.Methods63 policy documents, 36 key informant interviews and 4 focus group discussions were conducted in Hanoi city, Bac Giang and Hai Duong provinces. The policy triangle framework was used to analyse the development and implementation process of the Law on DVPC.ResultsThe Vietnamese government developed the law on DVPC in response to the Millennium Development Goals reporting requirements. The development was a top–down process directed by state bodies, but it was the first time that international agencies and civil society groups had been involved in the health policy development process. The major themes that emerged in the analysis include: policy content, policymaking and implementation processes, the nature of actors’ involvement, contexts, and mechanisms for policy implementation. Policy implementation was slow and delayed due to implementation being optional, decentralization, socio-cultural factors related especially to sensitivity, insufficient budgets, and insufficient cooperation between various actors within the health system and other related DV support systems.ConclusionThe initial development process for DVPC Law in Vietnam was pressured by external and internal demands, but the subsequent implementation within the health system experienced protracted delays. It is recommended that the policy be revised to emphasise a rights-based approach. Implementation would be more effective if monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are improved, the quality of training for health workers is enhanced, and cooperation between the health sector and related actors in the community is required and becomes routine in daily work.

Domestic Violence against Women in Union Council Watala, District Bhimber Azad Kashmir


 
 
 The study conducted in union council Watala, distract Bhimber of Azad Kashmir to probe out domestic violence against women. The main objective of the study was to find out prevalence of domestic violence with reference to dowry. The data was collected from N=379 respondents from three selected villages on proportionate sampling procedure. The data was analyzed by simple percentages and frequencies, while to see association between dowry and domestic violence chi-square statistics was used. The study found a significant and positive association of dowry is the root cause of domestic violence, women commit suicide as a solution to dowry related domestic violence, dowry causes economic problems for the family of bride, your family arranged your entire dowry easily, dowry is demanded by the groom family, dowry system helps bride to adjust in new family and total value of the dowry is very less than women’s share in family property. Awareness campaign should be launched against dowry in the media, imams of mosques should focus on this issue in their Friday sermons, share in parent property inheritance should be given to women to enhance their status in the in laws are some of the suggestions on the basis of study findings.
 
 

Domestic Violence in Relation to Women Empowerment and Women Household Headship: A Case in Nigeria

<p class="Default">Domestic Violence against women is very common in both developing and developed countries and is a complex and multi-dimensional phenomenon. However, global developments have yet to be systematically assimilated into theories around violence against women. This study seeks to examine the associations between domestic violence against women household headship and women empowerment in Nigeria. The study used data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression method was used to assess the association among the study variables. The analysis showed that domestic violence is usually more where there are women-household headships in case of Nigeria changing the general idea of having less domestic violence in women headed households. There should be strict and effective laws against domestic violence. Men or women whoever is domestically violating another woman should have to deal with legal consequences; otherwise, this trend of domestically violating women will go on forever.</p>

Problematyka przemocy w rodzinie w świetle wybranych uregulowań międzynarodowych

The issues of domestic violence in the context of chosen international regulationsIn the article the problem of domestic violence in the context of legal regulations relating to the protection of human rights is discussed. Reference was made to the historical origins of activities related to the legal protection of fundamental rights and freedoms. A distinction of women’s rights, children and domestic violence in relation to the practice of the United Nations, the Council of Europe and the European Union is considered as a tool to present arguments. The article describes the most important documents regarding the rights of women and children and domestic violence; the rights and duties imposed on signatories in the context of protection of rights and the development of regulations and methods of their implementation referring also to Polish law. The discussion that took place in the public debate prior to ratification of the Convention of the Council of Europe is also touched. The article is an attempt to indicate a significant space they occupy on the issues of domestic violence and their protection in the listed international regulations.

Children exposed to domestic violence: a discussion about research ethics and researchers’ responsibilities

Children’s exposure to domestic violence has attracted increased interest from researchers. This greater interest necessitates discussion about the methods by which children’s exposure to and descriptions of violence are studied. This article (1) discusses ethical dilemmas in research involving interviewing children exposed to domestic violence in relation to constructions of children as competent and as vulnerable, and (2) suggests a conceptual framework to aid in the design of such studies. The ethical dilemmas discussed concern: (1) research being ethically justified, (2) consent and (3) confidentiality and unsought disclosures. We suggest that combining children’s rights to agency and protection in ethical research that involves interviewing children exposed to violence can be facilitated by using the concepts of closeness and distance.

Domestic Violence in Barriers to Health Care for HIV-Positive Women

Few studies have addressed the issue of domestic violence and health care for HIV-positive women. However, such women are at increased risk of clinical progression when domestic violence prevents access to health care or their ability to take HIV medicines on a consistent basis. To address this issue, 3 focus groups and 50 in-depth interviews were conducted at a public health clinic with HIV-positive women clients who had experienced domestic violence. The results are illustrated in 4 case studies of how domestic violence diminishes women's ability to obtain regular health care. Abused women were reluctant to keep appointments if they were afraid of their partners, if they were depressed, feeling ill or "too worn down," or if they were ashamed of being abused. Abusive partners were sometimes reported to sabotage women's efforts to seek care, keep appointments or take medications. The study concluded that domestic violence is an underrecognized barrier to women's ability to obtain regular medical care for HIV/AIDS. Effective HIV treatment is dependent on consistent HIV care, and domestic violence is a crucial barrier for some women. More research is needed to determine the most effective interventions for domestic violence in relation to HIV-positive women.

Domestic violence in the United States and Sweden: A welfare state typology comparison within a power resources framework

Synopsis The prevalence and impact of domestic violence have been actively addressed in Western democracies, especially since the early 1990s. Although almost all Western countries have responded to this form of violence, little work has studied the issue comparatively on a state or societal level. Comparing the variations of state responses to domestic violence allows for a better understanding of how governments, and their respective agencies such as the police and judiciary, differ in terms of how social provisions are provided. Through a feminist critique, this article addresses this issue through a content analysis of related domestic violence legislation in the United States and Sweden. Specifically, the article argues that differences in how the United States and Sweden respond to domestic violence is best understood when variations of welfare state regimes are examined (needs-based versus universal-based) through a Power Resources perspective (altered to incorporate a feminist perspective), which is based on de-commodification, full employment, and full citizenship.

Review of forensic assessments of female referals to the branch of legal medicine, Malatya region, Turkey – 1996–2000

It is well recognized that the most pervasive form in gender violence is violence against women by their intimate male partners. Domestic violence (DV) crosses all cultures, races, and socioeconomic levels, affecting people of all ages and both sexes, but particularly women and children. DV refers to the chronic physical, sexual and psychological maltreatment of one family member against another in order to control. DV represents a significant health threat to women. It may also be an important precipitating factor of female suicide. As the literature has begun to document the extent of interfamilial violence, attention has focused on forensic documentation. The aim of this study is to review female victims presented at the Branch of Legal Medicine of Malatya, Turkey, regarding gender-based violence and DV in relation towards sexual offenses and suicide attempts. Accordingly, recommendations were presented to increase the awareness of DV by setting policies and in response legislative recommendations. The legal reports of women ( n = 2245) were reviewed. In respect of the Turkish Penal Code (TPC), paragraph 456/1, 2, 3 and 4, which covers the act of assault and battery, the severity of the injuries have been categorized into three groups according to the Turkish Injury Scale (TIS) covered by TPC 456/1, 2 and 4, into the issues of functional incapacitation according to TPC 456/2 and 3, and with regard to the presence of a mark of an injury on the face according to TPC 456/2 tables. Because of incomplete data, not all results be categorized as positive for DV. Despite the large number of blunt force injuries (699 cases out of 2245) and the high percentage of external lesions, 76% of 1796 files, found, recognition of DV was uncommon. According to TPC 456/4, in cases of small trauma-related injuries, legal proceedings are dependent upon a victim’s making a complaint. The percentage of 80.4% ( n = 2245) represents the need for information regarding legal requirements. The frequency of sexual assault cases, 144 victims out of 162, and in suicide attempts, 95 women out of 145, in the 15–24 year age span may also reflect a society’s accusative approach towards women based on moral values. Unless prosecuting DV cases purely on the evidence in regard to victim’s safety, withdrawal of complaints will continue. It is essential to identify to ‘name’ DV when it occurs. Recognizing the serious immediate and future long-term implications for health, multifaceted intervention is important. DV has to undergo some fundamental and far-reaching reformation in Turkey regarding how the legal system deals with it appropriately.

Examining the Physical Activity Experiences of Survivors of Domestic Violence in Relation to Self-Views

The purpose of this study was to examine the physical activity experiences of survivors of domestic violence in relation to how they view themselves and their circumstances. The participants were 7 women who had been in abusive relationships. They were given access to an exercise facility and participated in 1 to 4 interviews regarding abuse history, physical activity levels, self-view, and emotional status. Qualitative analysis revealed that physical activity gave women a sense of accomplishment and improved their mental and emotional status, gave them hope and healing, a sense of being “normal,” of working toward a future self, and freedom. These findings support the consideration of physical activity participation for survivors of domestic abuse.

Judicial Dispositions of Ex-Parte and Domestic Violence Protection Order Hearings: A Comparative Analysis of Victim Requests and Court Authorized Relief

This paper presents findings from a study on judicial dispositions of ex-parte orders and domestic violence protection order hearings. Findings are presented with an emphasis on delineating the types of relief which are requested by victims of domestic violence in relation to the types of relief which the courts grant. Results indicate that disparity exists between what types of relief victims request and the types of relief which are awarded by the courts. Research questions are analyzed in order to further define these discrepancies with diverse policy implications and further research issues being recommended as a result of these analyses.

Voicing the Silent Fear: South Asian Women's Experiences of Domestic Violence

Abstract: This article examines the subjective experiences of South Asian women in the United Kingdom who have suffered domestic violence, and identifies some of the risk factors for domestic violence within this community. The study, based on in‐depth interviews with 18 Asian women, describes and analyses several aspects of domestic violence in relation to South Asian women. The guiding research questions are: how do Asian women interpret their experiences of domestic violence, and to whom do they report it? This article presents data that suggest that abusive acts against Asian women arise out of a multiplicity of cultural circumstances influenced by power relations. Abusive acts are not therefore limited to a single characteristic, such as physical abuse, or to a particular relationship. Recurrent themes emerge from the women's accounts, revealing their definitions of domestic violence and showing how some continue to play down the levels of violence they experience.The article voices the concerns of and hardships experienced by victims and survivors of domestic violence, in their own words. Finally, the article offers an analysis of the ways in which notions of honour and shame are used both as tools to constrain women's self‐determination and independence, and as catalysts for domestic violence when these notions of family and community are challenged by women.

Neighborhood environment, racial position, and risk of police-reported domestic violence: a contextual analysis.

The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of neighborhood socioeconomic conditions to risk of police-reported domestic violence in relation to victim's race. Data on race came from police forms legally mandated for the reporting of domestic violence and sexual assault. Using 1990 U.S. census block group data and data for the years 1996-1998 from Rhode Island's domestic violence surveillance system, the authors generated annual and relative risk of police-reported domestic violence and estimates of trends stratified by age, race (black, Hispanic, or white), and neighborhood measures of socioeconomic conditions. Race-specific linear regression models were constructed with average annual risk of police-reported domestic violence as the dependent variable. Across all levels of neighborhood poverty (< 5% to 100% of residents living below the federal poverty level), the risk of police-reported domestic violence was higher for Hispanic and black women than for white women. Results from the linear regression models varied by race. For black women, living in a census block group in which fewer than 10% of adults ages > or = 25 years were college-educated contributed independently to risk of police-reported domestic violence. Block group measures of relative poverty (> or = 20% of residents living below 200% of the poverty line) and unemployment (> or = 10% of adults ages > or = 16 years in the labor force but unemployed) did not add to this excess. For Hispanic women, three neighborhood-level measures were significant: percentage of residents living in relative poverty, percentage of residents without college degrees, and percentage of households monolingual in Spanish. A higher degree of linguistic isolation, as defined by the percentage of monolingual Spanish households, decreased risk among the most isolated block groups for Hispanic women. For white women, neighborhood-level measures of poverty, unemployment, and education were significant determinants of police-reported domestic violence. When data on neighborhood conditions at the block group level and their interaction with individual racial position are linked to population-based surveillance systems, domestic violence intervention and prevention efforts can be improved.

The relative contribution of domestic violence to assault and injury of police officers

The contribution of domestic violence calls to the danger of police work has been a matter of major concern to police, policy makers, and researchers for decades. Building on prior research, the authors examine three years of data on police calls for service, assault, and injury to determine the danger of domestic violence in relation to other types of calls. Of the 10 categories of police activity examined, domestic disturbance ranked fourth in the ratio of assaults to calls for service and fifth in the ratio of injuries to calls for service. No significant differences were observed in the background characteristics of victims and offenders in domestic disturbance and other incidents. Consequently it was recommended that policies to enhance officers' safety be directed mainly at handling incidents in general rather than being geared specifically to responding to domestic disturbances.