Experiences Of Domestic Violence Research Articles

Early-life exposure to political violence and domestic violence

Globally, one in three women experiences domestic violence over their lifetimes. Yet, the factors that shape adult behavior toward domestic violence remain poorly understood. We examine the effect of exposure to political violence in early stages of life on likelihood of domestic violence in marital life. Combining household level survey with political violence datasets from 1988 to 2018, our findings show that it is the exposure of men to political violence that matters, but not the exposure of their wives. Furthermore, we show that the critical age bracket is between 4 and 6 years of age in which exposure to political violence seems to shape adult behavior toward domestic violence. This is true for physical and emotional violence. Moreover, exposure to political violence at almost any point in male individuals’ life increases their likelihood to perpetrate sexual violence on their wives. JEL classification: J12, J15, J16, O12

Prevalence, risks and outcomes of frailty in people experiencing homelessness: secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundFrailty describes age related lowered health resilience. People experiencing homelessness (PEH) are known to have poor health, with potential to become frail at a younger age. Previous estimates of frailty prevalence in PEH vary (16–55%) and remain poorly understood. This research determines the prevalence of frailty in PEH in England and explores associated factors. MethodsCross-sectional analysis of interviewer-led health needs audit survey data collected from PEH in England by Homeless Link (2015 to 2022). Adults who were homeless at time of survey or in the previous 12-months were included. A frailty index (FI) was created by (1) reviewing survey variables, (2) reaching expert consensus using modified Delphi, (3) following published guidance for FI creation (4) reviewing proposed FI, compared to existing published FIs. Input from people with lived experience of homelessness informed this process. Prevalence of frailty was calculated using the FI. Findings2288/2679 PEH were included in the analysis, 93·4% aged between 18–59 years, male:female ratio 3:1, predominantly white, heterosexual and UK nationals. Prevalence of frailty was 41·5% and pre-frailty was 43·8%. A high prevalence of frailty (23·0%) and pre-frailty (51·9%) was identified in 18–24-year-olds, which increased with age. Frailty was associated with experiences of incarceration and domestic violence (both p<0·001). Healthcare utilisation was greater amongst those who were frailer. InterpretationPrevalence of frailty in PEH is higher than reported in the comparably aged, general population and younger PEH are affected by frailty at levels typically associated with older adults. This is important because current services designed to address frailty are aimed at older, housed populations. To address frailty in this younger, homeless population, nutrition and addiction support may need consideration. Study strengths include large sample size and robust methods of FI creation. A limitation is the lack of a comparison group. FundingJD was funded by a Doctoral Research Fellowship from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), grant reference number NIHR302285. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.

The Effect of Digital Problem Solving Therapy on Quality of Life in Pregnant Women Who Are Victims of Domestic Violence

Aim: This study aims to determine the effect of digital problem-solving therapy (DPST) on the quality of life (QOL) of pregnant women who are victims of domestic violence. Methods: The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with two groups: an intervention group receiving digital problem-solving therapy and a control group receiving standard care. The study took place over three months at the National Commission on Violence Against Women service centers and referral hospitals in Bekasi City, West Java. The intervention involved four sessions per month focusing on psychological well-being and QOL. A total of 100 pregnant women participated, meeting the criteria of being over three months pregnant, having experienced domestic violence, owning a smartphone, and living with their husbands. Results: The results showed a statistically significant increase in QOL scores within the intervention group after the therapy, with a t-score of 13.76 and a p-value of 0.001. Additionally, the intervention group exhibited a larger improvement in QOL at post-test compared to the control group (ß = 8.20, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Digital problem-solving therapy significantly improves the quality of life of pregnant women experiencing domestic violence. Future studies should explore the effectiveness of this intervention among more diverse research groups, focusing on participants with varied mental health and psychological characteristics.

Domestic Violence Experience, Past Depressive Disorder, Unplanned Pregnancy, and Suicide Risk in the First Year Postpartum: Mediating Effect of Postpartum Depression.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between domestic violence, past depressive disorder, unplanned pregnancy, suicide risk, and postpartum depression among Korean women using a mediation model approach. A web-based, cross-sectional survey was performed from September 21 to September 30, 2022. Participants included 1,486 women in their first year postpartum from Chungnam Province, South Korea. The generalized linear model mediation was analyzed using the R-based Jamovi 2.3.21 version program. Of all participants, 8.7% had domestic violence experience, 7.5% had been diagnosed with depressive disorder by the doctor in the past, 33.0% had reported that the last pregnancy was unplanned, 39.9% had postpartum depression, and 11.2% of the participants had a suicide risk. Among the participants with a high risk of suicide, 34.4%, 37.5%, 53.1%, and 96.9% reported experiencing domestic violence, past depressive disorder, an unplanned pregnancy, and postpartum depression, respectively. Postpartum depression partially mediated the relationship between domestic violence, past depressive disorder, and suicide risk and completely mediated the relationship between unplanned pregnancy and suicide risk. Our findings highlight the necessity for screening and early intervention for suicide risk and postpartum depression from pregnancy to the first year postpartum.

Muslim Women's Experiences of Domestic Violence and Abuse: A Meta-Ethnography of Global Evidence.

Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is a form of interpersonal violence perpetrated by intimate partners or family members. It includes physical, sexual, psychological, emotional, and economic abuse, as well as coercive and controlling behaviors. DVA is associated with severe physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences for the victims. Muslim women, like women from all communities, experience DVA in its various forms, however, they may experience additional barriers when seeking support. This review was conducted using a meta-ethnography approach to synthesize published qualitative evidence on Muslim women's perspectives and experiences of DVA. A systematic search of global evidence in six electronic English databases including Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ASSIA identified a total of 33 qualitative studies that met the inclusion criteria. The synthesis of these studies revealed four major themes: the experience and impacts of abuse; risk factors contributing to abuse; help-seeking; and the coping strategies of Muslim women. These findings emphasize the importance of religion not only as a risk factor for violence and a barrier to help-seeking but also as a coping strategy for dealing with violence. The findings offer important insights for policymaking and in supporting these women more effectively.

The Effect of Self Compassion on Forgiveness in Wives Who Experience Domestic Violence

Domestic violence is rampant among married couples. Various types of domestic violence can have psychological impacts such as anxiety, fear, and depression. Forgiveness is one of the methods for victims of violence to prevent psychological disorders. Self-compassion provides kindness and helps with emotion regulation so that it helps the forgiveness process. The method used is quantitative with regression analysis to determine the effect of self-compassion on forgiveness in wives who experience domestic violence. The sample of this study was wives who were victims of domestic violence as many as 90 women. Forgiveness is measured by The Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivation Inventory (TRIM-18) scale (McCullough, 2003) and self-compassion is measured by The Self Compassion Scale (SCS) scale (Neff, 2003). Both scales have gone through validity and reliability tests. The results showed that there was no effect of self-compassion on forgiveness in wives who experienced domestic violence.

The Relationship Between Religiosity and Forgiveness in Wives Who Experience Domestic Violence (KDRT)

This study is based on the phenomenon of domestic violence (KDRT) that occurs in many married couples in Indonesia which is very concerning. Violence in intimate relationships is a serious threat to the health and well-being of women. This quantitative descriptive study applies correlational analysis to explain the relationship between religiosity and forgiveness in wives who experience domestic violence, with 90 wives as research subjects. Forgiveness uses the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivation Inventory (TRIM-18) scale and for religiosity uses The Centrality of Religiosity Scale. The scale has been tested for validity and reliability. The results of the study showed that forgiveness is in the high category, namely 33 people (36.7%), and religiosity is in the very high category, namely 78 people (86.7%). There is a positive relationship between religiosity and forgiveness, which shows that if the religiosity variable increases, the forgiveness variable also increases.

Association Between Domestic Violence and Mental Health Among Nepalese Women: Results from a Nationally Representative Sample.

This study aims to examine the association between exposure to domestic violence and mental health outcomes, such as symptoms of depression and anxiety among married women in Nepal. The 2022 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey was used. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed. A complex sampling frame was used to ensure the accuracy of the sample. A total of 4,211 women aged 14 to 49 years were analyzed. Among women between the ages of 15 and 49, 22.8% experience anxiety, and 22.5% experience depressive symptoms. Nearly 50% of women who had experienced domestic violence had symptoms of anxiety and depression. At the multivariate level, in Model 1, the study found that wealthy women were less likely to have anxiety (OR = 0.75; 95% CI [0.58, 0.96] and depression (OR = 0.70; 95% CI [0.54, 0.91]) than poor women. Similarly, women of the former untouchable caste were more likely to have anxiety (OR = 1.51; 95% CI [1.14, 2.00]) and depression (OR = 1.20; 95% CI [0.91, 1.58]) than high-caste women. In Model 2, the odds of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 1.70 (95% CI [1.29, 2.24]) and 1.99 (95% CI [1.48, 2.67]), respectively, for those women who had experienced severe physical violence. The odds of experiencing anxiety and depression were 2.88 (95% CI [2.28, 3.64]) and 3.04 (95% CI [2.32, 3.98]) times, respectively, for those women who had experienced emotional abuse. Similarly, women who had been sexually assaulted had 2.34 (95% CI [1.72, 3.20]) and 1.67 times (95% CI [1.23, 2.26]) more likely to experience anxiety and depression than women who had never been sexually assaulted. We found a strong association between mental health problems and women's experience of domestic violence. To address the mental health of Nepalese women, it is critical to strengthen domestic violence prevention programs, especially those targeting the lowest social strata of the population.

Young people's experiences and use of violence in the home: Examining four types of child maltreatment, their intersections and self-reported use of violence in the home

BackgroundChild maltreatment has received substantial academic attention. However, little remains known about the intersection of different types of child maltreatment and their association with young people's use of violence in the home. ObjectiveTo examine the intersection of child maltreatment types and the intergenerational transmission of violence through young people's use of violence in the home. Participantsand setting: A total of 5021 young people (16–20 years old) completed an online survey, recruited using non-probability sampling via survey panels. MethodsAnalyses were carried out using χ2 tests and a series of binary logistic regressions to examine the association between participant characteristics and unique child maltreatment experiences with different forms of maltreatment and young people's use of violence. ResultsOverall, 29.9% of participants had experienced at least one form of maltreatment and 16.7% reported experiences of multi-type maltreatment. The most common experiences were childhood experiences of domestic violence (CEDV) (27.3%), followed by verbal/emotional abuse (17%), which both increased the likelihood of also experiencing physical abuse (OR = 5.85 and OR = 10.21, respectively). Cisgender females and children living with a disability were more likely to experience all four types of maltreatment. Experiences of verbal/emotional abuse (OR = 4.56), and CEDV (OR = 4.52) increased the risk of young people's use of violence in the home. ConclusionsFindings contribute to a growing body of work recognising CEDV as a distinct form of child maltreatment which intersects with other experiences of abuse, including young people's use of violence in the home.

Psychological Dynamics of Domestic Violence Victims: A Qualitative Study

This study aims to understand the psychological dynamics experienced by victims of domestic violence through a qualitative approach. By focusing on the subjective experiences of victims, this study explores how domestic violence affects the mental and emotional state of victims, as well as the coping strategies they use to survive. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with a number of victims of domestic violence, which were then thematically analysed to identify common psychological patterns. The results showed that victims of domestic violence experience various forms of psychological trauma, including fear, depression, anxiety, and a sense of worthlessness. In addition, many victims also experience internal conflict between the desire to leave a harmful relationship and a sense of emotional or economic dependence on the perpetrator. The coping strategies used by victims vary, ranging from seeking social support to using defensive mechanisms such as denial and avoidance. This study highlights the complexity of the psychological experiences of victims of domestic violence and the need for intervention approaches that are more holistic and sensitive to the psychological needs of victims. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of more effective policies and services in supporting the recovery of victims of domestic violence.

Predicting the Information Need for Domestic Violence Survivors Based on the Fine-Tuned Large Language Model.

Women with domestic violence experiences often refuse to seek help face-to-face due to embarrassment. They begin to share their emotions and seek help from online health communities. Understanding and responding to these posts can be crucial in providing timely support to the victims. We proposed a fine-tuned large language model (LLM) capable of accurately predicting the informational need based on the content of postings. We fine-tuned the LAMMA2-7B-chat model based on the guidance of identifying the information need and a dataset comprising 273 posts from Reddit, which are manually annotated by domain experts. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance of our model using a random sample of 15 posts, and 66.6% were accurately predicted. The results demonstrate that our model can rapidly capture the information needs expressed in the posts, enabling healthcare providers to provide timely and useful support based on our predictions.

Experiences of Domestic Violence in Adult Patients with Brain Injury: A Select Overview of Screening, Reporting, and Next Steps.

This select overview examines the important intersection of adult domestic violence, including intimate partner violence and elder abuse, with brain injury. Despite the high prevalence of domestic violence amongst brain injury patients, there is a notable gap in screening and management training for providers. To provide optimal patient care, brain injury medicine clinicians must screen, recognize, and treat patients who have experienced domestic violence. This select overview highlights barriers to screening, validated screening tools from other medical disciplines, and management considerations for the brain injury clinician. A suggested protocol for domestic violence screening and management, as well as recommended resources for providers and patients, is summarized.

Perceptions, attitudes, and experiences of domestic violence among Vietnamese university students

BackgroundIn Vietnam, domestic violence (DV) is recognized as an intentional act of causing physical, mental, sexual, or economic harm among family members. Despite legislative efforts, DV remains prevalent, significantly impacting women's mental and physical health. Traditional beliefs and cultural norms further entrench DV, particularly among women and children, necessitating an understanding of perceptions and attitudes toward DV. MethodsThis exploratory cross-sectional study surveyed 81 Vietnamese university students to assess their perceptions, attitudes, and personal experiences of DV. Survey data was collected online and analyzed using descriptive statistics. ResultsThe study found high awareness of DV, with most participants recognizing physical and psychological violence, while less awareness was noted for economic abuse. A majority perceived DV as fairly common (57%) and highly common (37%). Most participants attributed DV to alcoholism (93%), drug addiction (93%), and poverty or social exclusion (90%). Roughly half of the participants had friends or family victims who were victims (53%) or perpetrators (46%) of DV. Despite general knowledge of DV laws, many were unaware of specific legal and social support mechanisms. Notably, while most participants found DV unacceptable and should always be punishable by law (64%), actual reporting and intervention rates were low, with significant gaps in support awareness. ConclusionsThe findings highlight a substantial awareness of DV among Vietnamese university students but also reveal critical gaps in understanding and addressing economic abuse and available support systems. There is a need for enhanced education and accessibility of resources to effectively combat DV and support survivors, especially for young adults who would soon explore marriage and family lives.

Domestic Violence in Asian Communities: A Scoping Review of Quantitative Literature.

Domestic violence (DV) is a prevalent social problems that threaten individuals' health and well-being, and the issue of DV in Asian communities requires extensive and comprehensive investigation. Following the steps by Arksey and O'Malley, a scoping review was conducted to (a) summarize and synthesize existing quantitative evidence on the topic of DV in Asian immigrant communities in North America, and (b) identify research gaps in the literature to guide future work. Inclusion criteria were that (a) the studies must comprise a sample of Asian immigrants in North America, (b) the focus of the article was specifically on individuals' experiences of DV in the past year or lifetime, (c) DV was measured as either independent or dependent variable, (d) full-text publications written in English, (e) articles must be peer-reviewed, quantitative studies. On completion of the review process, 35 full-text articles were identified for review. Across studies, five main topics emerged: factors related to DV victimization, prevalence and forms of DV, individuals' attitudes and/or perceptions about DV, DV-related consequences, and intervention evaluation. Some less common topics include help-seeking behaviors and sources and culturally responsive scales. The findings of this review suggest that future research will benefit from using a nationally representative Asian sample and culturally sensitive tools, examining potential protective factors against DV victimization, and employing an experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of culturally sensitive interventions. Policies should provide stronger support to agencies and practitioners to deliver culturally sensitive services.

A Brief Report on Empowering Children and Young People through Participation: Giving Space and Voice to Childhood Experiences of Domestic Violence and Abuse

A Brief Report on Empowering Children and Young People through Participation: Giving Space and Voice to Childhood Experiences of Domestic Violence and Abuse

Instruments of Legal Protection of a Person Experiencing Domestic Violence in the Light of the Police Act

Domestic violence is an important social problem which is constantly on the increase and therefore leads to the victimisation of victims. The perpetrator, by his actions, violates the basic rights of the victim, namely his dignity, freedom and personal inviolability. Therefore, there was a need both to improve the proceedings and to increase the effectiveness of the existing legal solutions for the protection of victims of domestic violence, as well as to introduce in the current legal order additional newprotection instruments aimed at the rapid isolation of the perpetrator of domestic violence from the victim, not only in the shared fl at, but also in another place. The instruments of legal protection of victims of domestic violence introduced in the Police Act in the form of an injunction and prohibition, a restraining order, a contact ban or an entry ban undoubtedly show more effective protection of the interests of the victims of domestic abuse and are the most effective way of stopping it. Immediate isolationof the victim of domestic violence from the violent person ensures the safety of the victim, improves his/her situation and contributes to the prevention of the problem.

The Phenomenon of Domestic Violence from the Point of View of Secondary School Students after the Corona Pandemic in Jazan Region

The research examines the phenomenon of domestic violence from the perspective of secondary school students and teachers in Jazan Region. The sample comprised 1,264 students, with 585 males and 679 females. Two scales were developed: one to measure family violence among students and another to assess teachers' evaluations of domestic violence. Both scales were psychometrically validated and deemed suitable for application. Using a descriptive method and statistical analysis with SPSS-28, the study found that psychological violence is the most prevalent form of domestic violence among secondary school students in Jazan Region, followed by verbal violence. Specifically, students reported experiencing command language, reprimands, criticism of their behavior, lack of attention, invasion of privacy, and unmet financial needs from their parents. Furthermore, the analysis indicated no statistically significant differences in domestic violence experiences between students from Jazan and Sebya Education Departments. However, significant gender differences were observed, with male students reporting higher levels of domestic violence than female students. Additionally, students specializing in theoretical subjects reported higher instances of domestic violence compared to those in scientific specializations. Lastly, differences were noted among the three grades of secondary school students, indicating that domestic violence experiences varied across different academic levels. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and support systems to address domestic violence in Jazan Region, particularly focusing on psychological and verbal abuse and the varying experiences of different student demographics.

Lived Experiences of Domestic Violence and Coping Strategies among Female Secondary School Teachers in Uganda

This study investigated about lived experiences of domestic violence and coping strategies among female secondary school teachers in Uganda. The study employed qualitative approach within 23 secondary schools in Kitgum District. While through snowball sampling the study targeted all female teachers in these schools, who are victims of domestic violence, only 20 teachers who agreed to participate became the sample of the study. Furthermore, all the 23 head teachers of these schools participated in the study through purposive sampling. Data collection took place through in-depth interviews and data analysis took place through the thematic approach. While some of the domestic violence cases that took place include being beaten, tortured and injured, the victims used multiple ways to cope with the situations. The study recommends faith-based interventions as potential remedy for women who face domestic violence through deploying religious workers like school chaplains or other appropriate religious person to give support to such victims. The study further recommends supportive policy frameworks mainstreamed on tools for empowering female teachers and head teachers on support system for female teachers affected by domestic violence to allow them supportive work environment as well as provision of guidance and counselling experts in schools to provide similar services.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AND SYMPTOMS OF CPTSD IN VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Objective. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of traumatization of persons affected by domestic violence. The subject is the nature of the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and symptoms of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) for the development of methods of helping victims of domestic violence. Long-term traumatic impact on the injured person from a significant loved one, in the absence of adequate and sufficient social support, can manifest itself in re-experiencing, hypervigilance, emotional dysregulation, the formation of a negative self-image, and disturbances in close relationships. Methodology. The study was carried out using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). 99 people aged 18 to 61 years old with experience of domestic violence were interviewed. The methods used were descriptive analysis, checking the normality of variables using the Kolmagorov-Smirnov test, and C. Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results. Individuals with more severe CPTSD symptoms were found to demonstrate lower levels of PSS. Therefore, to minimize the symptoms of CPTSD, it is advisable to develop skills related to social interaction and building close relationships. Practical implications. The results are applicable in the process of providing crisis and rehabilitation psychological assistance to victims of domestic violence.

Where Intersectionality and Multiculturalism Meet: Australian Muslim Women's Experiences of Domestic and Family Violence.

Gendered violence in minority communities has long been a flashpoint for debates on multiculturalism. Whereas multiculturalism has been critiqued for not supporting gender equality, intersectionality has been heralded as a solution to ensuring women receive holistic responses. This article draws findings from a broader study on domestic and family violence (DFV) in Australian Muslim communities, highlighting how intersectionality, as applied in the Australian context, often fails to attend to the depth of Australian Muslim women's experiences. Participants' reflections showcase a number of limitations as well as how multicultural frameworks can provide the infrastructure to meaningfully engage with their particular cultural and religious needs. The insights contribute to scholarship that critiques tokenistic applications of intersectionality.