Domestic Jobs Research Articles

Return to the United States: Impact of Reshoring Announcements and Reshoring Risks on Market Valuation

With soaring labor and logistics costs in developing countries, supply chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic triggered Western firms to “reshore” some of their offshore operations (performed in-house or outsourced) for certain strategically important products or production processes from foreign countries to their home countries. Although reshoring can create more domestic jobs and reduce supply chain risks, the impact of various external and internal risks associated with reshoring on market reaction remains unclear. This observation motivates us first to conduct a text mining analysis, revealing four important types of reshoring risks inherent to (1) foreign currency fluctuation, (2) intellectual property (IP) protection, (3) reshoring types (in-house, insourced, or outsourcing-to-outsourcing (OTO)), and (4) reshoring location choice (Republican- versus Democrat-led states). We then examine how these risk factors help explain the variations in reshoring’s market valuation based on 281 reshoring initiatives of 132 publicly traded firms in the United States announced between 2009 and 2022. Our empirical analysis reveals that the market reacts more positively to a firm’s reshoring announcement when the firm reshores under a high-currency-fluctuation environment or from countries with weak IP protection. However, the market’s reaction is more negative when the firm’s reshoring announcement entails insourced reshoring operations or when the reshored location is a Democrat- rather than Republican-led state. We do not find a significant market reaction to OTO reshoring. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00599 .

Women and Traditional Cullinary Attraction

Traditional culinary has become one of the main attractions in Indonesian tourism, even occupying the first position in its contribution to gross domestic product. Culinary has also become a competitive business industry and cannot be separated from the role of women behind the scenes. Women are often associated with domestic jobs; such as household and children. However, Madurese women have limited space for movement, even though they have a high work ethic. Meanwhile, Yogyakarta women seem more aristocratic. The more traditional culinary develops, the greater the opportunity to compete in the free market era. Moreover, traditional culinary attractions can explain the figure behind culinary creations, culinary developments and innovations as well as how culture is in it. This study explains the role of women in traditional culinary attractions in the Madura and Yogyakarta regions. Through a theoretical approach and phenomenological method, this study focuses on the subjective experiences of women culinary practitioners and the involvement of external parties. The external parties involved in this research are as follows; Department of Commerce, Office of Industry and Manpower, Culinary Entrepreneurs, Bakesbangpol, and Badan Pusat Statistik. In Madurese culinary, Madurese women produce traditional culinary delights that can become the hallmark of their region. The drawback is in the traditional Madurese culinary side attractions which is still very minimal. Madurese traditional culinary also has different times of promotion and sale, for example Nase Serpang and Tajin Shobih which are only sold in the morning. In contrast to traditional culinary in Yogyakarta, which has strength even in terms of naming which is firmly attached to the memory of consumers. So that the traditional culinary attractions in Yogyakarta seem to be easier to attract consumers from the cooking method, sales methods to packaging. One of them is Gudeg which has a unique and traditional way of packaging, using both besek and kendil. The role of women in culinary is driven by several factors, culinary industry run from generation to generation, supporting the family's economy, and preserving traditional cuisine in Madura and Yogyakarta.

Power Games: How General Electric Exports Privatization

Last February, when President Joe Biden’s Build Back Better plan looked all but dead, General Electric joined twenty-six other U.S. companies to call on Congress to salvage a climate deal. On its website, GE stressed that tax credits and grants to boost clean energy would advance U.S. interests in the global energy transition, generating domestic jobs in the wind industry. Filings compiled by the watchdog group OpenSecrets show that the negotiated successor to BBB, the Inflation Reduction Act, was the biggest target of GE’s lobbying efforts in 2022. These efforts paid off. In August, Biden signed the IRA, securing exactly the kinds of lucrative tax credits GE had trumpeted. Yet less than two months later, the company laid off 20 percent of its U.S. onshore wind workers.

Outsourcing or reshoring? A manufacturer's sourcing strategy in the presence of government subsidy

Multinational firms can outsource to contract manufacturers in low-labor-cost regions. However, in recent years, several developed countries and regions have subsidized their local manufacturers (LM[s], she) to encourage reshoring for external benefit (e.g., creating more domestic jobs or improving industrial structure), especially after the COVID-19 pandemic started. This paper investigates the sourcing problem of an LM with brand premium in the presence of government subsidy and differences in labor costs. An LM faces three options: producing in-house, outsourcing to an original brand manufacturer (OBM, he), which sells competitive substitutes without brand premium, or outsourcing to a non-competing contract manufacturer (NCM). We find that, first, the LM chooses reshoring if the external benefit or brand premium is sufficiently high. Second, if the LM decides to outsource, she chooses the OBM (NCM) if her brand premium is high (low). Third, the government prefers to subsidize LM reshoring or outsourcing to an NCM. If the government intends to induce LM to reshore, the subsidy should be at a moderate level. Interestingly, when the LM has a low brand premium but chooses outsourcing, the government still subsidizes her to improve her competitiveness.

Urban Informal Sector Workers during the Covid- 19 Pandemic in Indonesia: Social Networking as a Strategy for Business Sustainability

Around 60,5% of workers in Indonesia rely on the informal sector, and in mid of 2020 almost half of them were in urban areas. The urban informal sector workers commonly are in small enterprises with low productivity, low liquidity, and negligible capital accumulation. They engage in street vending, home-based work, waste picking, domestic jobs, and other short-term contracts, and they do not enjoy workers’ benefis and social protection programs, thus they are vulnerable to shock, including Covid-19 pandemic. The pandemic does not only bring negative impact on the health sector, but it has also triggered an economic downturn. In terms of urban informal sector activities, various social policies (PSBB, Java-Bali PPKM, Emergency PPKM and Micro PPKM) sharply reduce the economic opportunities for informal economy workers who rely to a large extent on the personal contact with customers. Job losses and decreased income have been experienced by the majority of informal sector workers. This condition has to be overcome with various strategies to be able to maintain the continuity of their economic activities. This article discusses the strategies of urban informal sector workers to maintain sustainable livelihoods during the COVID-19 pandemic. The strategy carried out is focused on the use of social networks. The data used for writing this article is sourced from primary data. Data was collected using a qualitative approach in Bekasi Timur sub-district, Bekasi City, West Java Province. In addition, the article also uses the existing data related to the issued being studied.

The Role of Immigration and Employment Law as a Media for Licensing and Supervision of Foreign Workers in the Republic of Indonesia

Today, society is being heralded by the entry of foreign workers into Indonesia which will later rob domestic jobs. If we have understood and mastered the discussion material regarding the convention; then the direction of international law is clear as a complement to enforce the law that applies to foreign workers in terms of immigration. ASEAN and ACFTA are a concrete example of the involvement of foreign workers in a place. For this reason, an understanding of international law is needed; how an agreement applies and what is contained in the agreement. Immigration, employment and international law are interrelated. They cannot stand alone. These three things will form a new order as well as how the role of immigration and manpower law in explaining how foreign workers should be employed.

Implication of Renewable Energy in Sustainable Development in India: Future Strategy

Renewable energy (RE) can play an important role in Sustainable Development in India. India is a growing economy, and it would need an assured supply of 3–4 times than the whole energy consumed today. This research paper discussed about RE sources, drivers, challenges and policies. It can be concluded from review of literature and other information provided in paper that RE have a huge potential in India and with latest technologies use it can fulfill India’s energy demand in future. Quality of life can be improved with the help of RE. It is predictable that large number of domestic jobs can be created in future in green energy and RE. The study found that RE can reduce environment pollution issues, carbon emission and scarcity of nonrenewable energy sources .RE has a positive relation with economic growth, job creation and welfare. This paper recommends some suggestions for strategic policy in sustainable energy sources.

THE INSTRUCTION OF GIRLS IN THE SANTA TERESA ASYLUM (MARANHÃO/ 1856 - 1871)

ABSTRACT This is the trajectory of the Santa Teresa Asylum created in the Province of Maranhão in 1855, exposing its institutional purposes of sheltering, protecting, supporting and educating orphans. This paper was described the school practices inside this educational space. The text talks about the nature feminine formation directing to the domestic jobs of the aristocracy of Maranhão or take care of the home, the husband and children. It was prepared from the exploration of handwritten sources, articles published in newspapers, reports from the directors of the establishment in question and the presidents of the Province and the bibliography produced in the support and instruction of poor and helpless girls from Maranhão.

E&P Notes (January 2021)

E&P Notes (January 2021)

Conversion of poplar biomass into high-energy density tricyclic sesquiterpene jet fuel blendstocks

BackgroundIn an effort to ensure future energy security, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create domestic jobs, the US has invested in technologies to develop sustainable biofuels and bioproducts from renewable carbon sources such as lignocellulosic biomass. Bio-derived jet fuel is of particular interest as aviation is less amenable to electrification compared to other modes of transportation and synthetic biology provides the ability to tailor fuel properties to enhance performance. Specific energy and energy density are important properties in determining the attractiveness of potential bio-derived jet fuels. For example, increased energy content can give the industry options such as longer range, higher load or reduced takeoff weight. Energy-dense sesquiterpenes have been identified as potential next-generation jet fuels that can be renewably produced from lignocellulosic biomass.ResultsWe developed a biomass deconstruction and conversion process that enabled the production of two tricyclic sesquiterpenes, epi-isozizaene and prespatane, from the woody biomass poplar using the versatile basidiomycete Rhodosporidium toruloides. We demonstrated terpene production at both bench and bioreactor scales, with prespatane titers reaching 1173.6 mg/L when grown in poplar hydrolysate in a 2 L bioreactor. Additionally, we examined the theoretical fuel properties of prespatane and epi-isozizaene in their hydrogenated states as blending options for jet fuel, and compared them to aviation fuel, Jet A.ConclusionOur findings indicate that prespatane and epi-isozizaene in their hydrogenated states would be attractive blending options in Jet A or other lower density renewable jet fuels as they would improve viscosity and increase their energy density. Saturated epi-isozizaene and saturated prespatane have energy densities that are 16.6 and 18.8% higher than Jet A, respectively. These results highlight the potential of R. toruloides as a production host for the sustainable and scalable production of bio-derived jet fuel blends, and this is the first report of prespatane as an alternative jet fuel.

IS OUR CHILD TOO YOUNG TO LEARN ABOUT GENDER EQUALITY? AN INTERPRETATION OF GENDER EDUCATION IN ACEH FAMILIES

This study aims to reveal gender-based discrimination, forms of gender education, and the importance of gender education in Acehnese families. This study was conducted by using the method of descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation and interview. The result showed that in Acehnese families, the forms of gender-based discrimination that often faced by women are inequality in housework distribution and childcare. In Aceh, most men still play fewer roles in taking care of children because domestic jobs are seen to be women’s’ responsibilities. Another form of gender-based discrimination in Aceh is domestic violence against women. The result also demonstrated that in Acehnese families there is no gender education because many people do not understand the term of gender equality and gender issues are considered as western culture and still taboo to discuss. Gender education in the family is important because children acquire gender stereotypes at an early age, and they learn about gender equality from their family for the first time. Teaching gender equality to children is never too early, and they never too young to learn about it, they would come out and bring the gender equality in the family and society in general as they will be the pioneer or gender equality when they reach adulthood.

Representation of Women in Occupational and Domestic Roles in EfT Textbooks

The study aims at examining the representation of women in the English Language textbooks of Bangladesh for the primary school learners. Existing research studies find unfair manifestation of women both in the occupational and domestic activities. However the existing investigations indicate the necessity of further studies in this area. Therefore, the study explores whether women are projected appropriately in the textbooks for young learners. With reference to critical theory, the analysis of data reveals that women are devalued in their unpaid domestic jobs. In addition, they are shown occupied in the less challenging occupations while men are shown in an extensive range of professions. The study also notices that whereas in contemporary Bangladesh women are engaged in diversified professions, their contribution to the society is often disregarded in the textbooks. Such biased representation of women may affect the young learners adversely. Therefore, the study states the inevitability of raising consciousness among the textbook authors and suggests ensuring appropriate projection of women in the textbooks.

The development of HR support for alternative international assignments. From liminal position to institutional support for short-term assignments, international business travel and virtual assignments

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain how and why HR practitioners perceive the need to develop international HRM practices to support short-term assignments, international business travel and virtual assignments for internationally operating organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors interviewed 29 HR practitioners from multinationals located in the Netherlands.FindingsAlternative international assignments seem not to belong to the traditional expatriate jobs, nor to regular domestic jobs and show a liminal character. However, over the last few years we have gradually seen a more mature classification of the Short-term Assignment, International Business Traveler and Virtual Assignment categories and more active use of these categories in policymaking by organizations; this reflects a transition of these three categories from a liminal position to a more institutionalized position.Research limitations/implicationsFor this research, only international HRM practitioners were interviewed. Future studies should include a broader group of stakeholders.Practical implicationsInternational HRM departments should take a more proactive role regarding alternative forms of international assignees. Furthermore, HR professionals may develop training and coaching and consider rewards and benefits that could provide allowances for specific working conditions that are part of international work.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to relate the framework of institutional logic and liminality to explain the why of HR support for alternative international assignees.

International Students in the Trump Era

International Students in the Trump Era

“¡Parece que estamos aquí solo para limpiar!”: latinoamericanas denunciando su abocamiento a trabajos domésticos en una radio feminista de Madrid

ABSTRACT Migratory policies, in combination with ethno-racial, gender and class stereotypes, have channeled Latin American women into the domestic sector in Spain. The articulation of these stereotypes with an old colonial ideology associates these women with servitude and docility, which are valued elements for care jobs. Based on ethnographic research that I did with Latin American women of Indigenous backgrounds in a feminist radio station in Madrid called Las Radiantes, I show the existing institutional vulnerability to frequent forms of abuse that they face in domestic jobs and their typecasting in this sector. Far from being passive, they search for solutions in different feminist and immigrant organizations in Madrid, where they face similar vulnerability. Instead, Las Radiantes becomes an instrument of extraordinary value for them to empower and project a protest voice through radio programs and other creative forms of expression.

Assessment of the potential of a circular economy in open economies – Case of Belgium

Interest from the research and policy community in the circular economy (CE) is growing. This research describes how the potential for a circular economy in open economies can be estimated by using different assessment methods. Methods and indicators have been selected that have a relevance for one or more of the public policy objectives for circular economy: Openness Index, economic structure, Balassa Index, value chain analysis, substitution potential of Sustainable Materials Management (SMM) strategies, waste treatment scenarios based on physical and hybrid Input-Output (IO) analysis. These methods differ in scope and degrees of complexity and are used at different assessment levels. The potential for a circular economy in this paper is assessed by evaluating the contribution to the public policy objectives for CE: resource efficiency, reduction of dependency on materials, competitiveness, creation of domestic jobs, reduced Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Results obtained by these methods are shown for Belgium and, in some cases, compared to the results of other countries to illustrate the differences between economies. CE activities (in response to public policy objectives) will enhance the ongoing trend of reducing the share of primary sectors in economies. The openness of an economy is expressed as the ratio of sum of import and export and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Imported products add to the potential of domestic closed-loop circular initiatives like re-use, repair, remanufacture, recycling, but this will require knowledge about composition and spare part availability. Exported products are no longer available for these domestic CE initiatives, reducing the domestic potential for CE and the domestic export activity is vulnerable to CE activities abroad. Especially the increasing geographical distance in trade complicates the practical and legal barriers to close the loop. In open economies, both global and domestic substitution effects due to new circular economy policy initiatives are important to consider.

Attracting Global Talent to Ensure America Is First in Innovation

Politicians of all stripes are always looking for ways to grow the economy, strengthen the labor market, and increase the United States’ competitive advantage on the world stage. One way to achieve these aims is by allowing more temporary high-skilled foreign workers to fuel America’s growing service and technology sectors. Evidence shows that for every temporary foreign worker hired by a US firm, 5 to 7.5 new domestic jobs are created in that firm’s industry, and a 1 percent increase in foreign STEM workers leads to a 7 to 8 percent increase in native workers’ wages. Immigration reform for high-skilled foreign workers and talented foreign students would ensure that the United States continues to be the global leader for international talent, business growth, and entrepreneurial innovation.

Foreign trade barriers and jobs in global supply chains

AbstractThis article uses ILO global supply chain job estimates to study the impact on domestic jobs of foreign barriers to trade in goods and services. Empirical analysis largely confirms predictions derived from a theoretical model calibrated to WIOD data for 2000 and 2011. Barriers to trade in manufacturing and services are both found to have a cross‐border impact on jobs in their own sector and spill‐over effects in other sectors, the latter becoming stronger over time. This article shows the labour market consequences of the increased interconnectedness of countries and sectors through global supply chains, which suggests that trade policy can have significant external effects on foreign labour markets.

Critically studying openness: A way forward

Critically studying openness: A way forward

A Review on Soil Property Detection using Machine Learning Approach

The agricultural sector is the backbone of the Indian economy. Although focused on industrialization, agriculture remains an important sector of the Indian economy, both in terms of contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) and jobs for millions of people across the country. One of the key factor for productive agriculture is soil. The purpose of the work is to predict the type of terrain using data mining classification methods. Agricultural properties and soil ownership play a crucial role in agricultural decision-making. This research sought to evaluate various mining association techniques and apply them to a soil database to determine if significant relationships could be created. Performance prediction is one of the applications that uses the concept of data mining to increase crop productivity. This makes the problem of crop productive performance is an interesting challenge. An earlier performance prediction was made taking into account the cultivator's experience with a particular crop and culture. This work introduces a system that uses data mining techniques to predict the category of analyzed soil datasets.