Domestic Energy Resources Research Articles

Trends in electricity prices and their relation to the competitiveness and efficiency in EU countries

Europe is emerging from a deep financial and economic crisis and it is widely agreed that stronger European industrial competitiveness is vital as a driver for economic growth and job creation. In this regard, while ensuring the achievement of essential climate and environmental objectives, it is now recognised that it is imperative to ensure that EU energy Union is shaped in such a way to guarantee, not only security of supply for all consumers, but also stable and affordable energy prices for European businesses. This article offers the opportunity to analyse, all the crucial and sensitive components of the prices of energy in some UE countries: economic, financial and technological conditions required to develop renewable energy and other domestic energy resources in order to reduce European dependence on third-country suppliers; development of infrastructure and internal as well as cross-border interconnections; overhaul of national practices on energy levies, tax components of energy prices and network costs; moderation of energy demand and increase of energy efficiency.

Wind-hydro pumped storage systems to meet lebanese electricity demand

Lebanon is facing currently anacute energy crisis, due tolack of domestic energy resources, reduced production capacities and a growing demand for energy. Relying on wind energy could reduce the impact of this crisis. However, continuous change in wind speed from calm to stormy introduces challenges. One possible solution to address these challenges is to introduce new storage facilities or to use storage capabilities already available in the power generation system. Existing hydro power plants with large reservoirs or pumped storage hydro power plants are suitable for this purpose. Furthermore, Lebanon has a fairly high wind energy potential and hydro power resources. This paper is an attempt to analyze the design of a pumping station and the performance of a hybrid wind-hydro power plant, in three hydraulic plants to produce electricity in Lebanon (Markabi, Awali and Joun), in order to choose the most suitable plant to store electrical power. An economic analysis and an evaluation of the amount of water that could be pumped in each of the hydraulic plants are carried out in this study, in order to select the most suitable hydraulic plant to store the electricity surplus. Moreover, this study presents an economic evaluation of the implementation of wind turbines in Lebanon. It is shown that Markabi is the most suitable plant to store electrical power.

Power Generation Policies, Governance Mechanism and Utilization of Indigenous Resources: A Case of Pakistan

Energy has been playing a vital role in the socio-economic development of the country. Pakistan’s energy security holds paramount importance as it is essential for enhancing socio-economic development. Pakistan is currently facing a rising electricity demand and contending with a substantial deficit in natural gas supply. Most of the power generation plants in Pakistan are thermal and generate electricity from oil and gas. Pakistan is not an oil-producing country and natural gas reserves will be died out after 12 years. Under the Power Generation Policy 2015, most of the plants generate electricity from imported coal instead of utilization of national indigenous reserves i.e. local coal. Under the PGP 2015, all the power plants operated under the PPP model known as (BOO). Over the last three decades Government of Pakistan has announced seven energy policies to attract the foreign investors in the power generation sector that have led to acute governance, admirative and implementation problems in the energy sector. This study explores the intricate relationship between energy security, energy crises, demand and supply, and renewable potential in Pakistan. Using qualitative analysis, it addresses the ongoing energy crises and proposes the development of national indigenous resources, presenting a policy framework to achieve power generation goals. The energy status in Pakistan, including supply and demand aspects, is discussed, along with major challenges such as electricity theft and circular debt annually. By considering various approaches, the study identifies key challenges for policy development and implications to create a comprehensive policy framework, incorporating domestic energy resources, policy actors, criteria, and tools. This study highlights Pakistan’s significant non-renewable energy potential, advocating for tapping into domestic resources, optimizing energy planning, and policy development to ensure a secure and sustainable energy future for the nation, promoting prosperity and progress.

Analyzing the Pump Diesel and Gasoline Prices on Inflation in Pakistan: A New Evidence from Non-Linear ARDL

Maintaining inflation is one of the prime goals of the macroeconomic policy executed through the country's central bank. The persistence of inflation is considered a serious problem in developing countries because it erodes the standard of living of the majority of people. Nowadays, researchers are showing interest in energy price shocks as one of the drivers of inflation. So, the present study examines the role of pump diesel and pump gasoline prices on inflation controlling real exchange deprecation and urbanization using NARDL from 1990 to 2020. The result shows that the pump domestic diesel prices and pump domestic gasoline prices have a positively asymmetric impact on inflation in Pakistan. In contrast, real exchange deprecation and urbanization positively affect inflation. This study recommended that the government decrease the dependence on imported energy and focus on cheaper and domestic energy resources to fulfil the growing energy demand.

Turkey’s Green Imagination: The Spatiality of the Low-Carbon Energy Transition within the EU Green Deal

This article asks the extent to which the EU Green Deal influences the EU periphery today and builds on the spatial conditions of multiple, co-existing decarbonization pathways within the EU Green Deal while problematizing the ‘green imagination’ of Turkey as an immediate neighbour and a candidate country for membership in the EU. As such, it uncovers that the current low-carbon transition process in Turkey is prone to be shaped by the highly politicized energy market in an authoritarian neoliberal structure on the one hand, and Turkey’s priorities in energy issues and hard security on the other. The findings further reveal that Turkey’s efforts to use more domestic energy resources to meet its consumption needs might also interfere with its efforts and obligations to decarbonize its energy sector. The scrutiny into the low-carbon energy transition in Turkey accordingl contributes further insight into the consequences of the spatiality of such transitions in an authoritarian neoliberal context, and what other alternative policies can be imagined and put in practice. Thus, more empirical research is warranted to reveal the spatiality of the low-carbon energy transition across various geographical settings. At the same time, the article argues that both the EU and its partners such as Turkey should be weary of creating green utopias when redesigning their green-energy space since utopias tout court may not always stimulate large-scale change in a revolutionary way in terms of sustainability, feasibility, good practice, and inclusiveness in decision-making processes.

Geologi dan Pola Sebaran Serta Kemenerusan Lapisan Batubara Menggunakan Metode Kontur Struktur di Desa Suo-Suo dan Sekitarnya Kecamatan Sumay Kabupaten Tebo Provinsi Jambi

Coal is a non-renewable natural resource. Coal has an important role in domestic and foreign energy resources. Coal is generally used in steam power plants (PLTU). In supporting the sustainability of coal energy, further exploration in coal development is needed. The research uses the required structural contour method with the aim of determining the distribution limits and direction of the continuity of the coal seam and only refers to the position of the coal seam and is applied to topographic maps. The observation location (LP) found in the research area contained 7 coal seams. Based on the criteria of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), the number of outcrops that have a coal seam thickness above 1 meter are 2 outcrops with a thickness of 2.15 meters and 1.24 meters, respectively. The results of drawing the distribution pattern using the structural contour method based on the bottom of the coal seam, it is found that the direction of the distribution pattern is northwest-southeast. The continuity follows the direction of the hills and valleys based on a distribution pattern that is trending northwest-southeast with a developed control structure in the form of a pure rising fault. This is in accordance with the regional geological map of the study area with the direction of the continuity of the coal seam trending northwest-southeast. From the results of the distribution pattern and continuity, there are 2 coal outcrops that can be exploited with economic value.

Decarbonizing the Energy System of Non-Interconnected Islands: The Case of Mayotte

Islands face unique challenges on their journey towards achieving carbon neutrality by the mid-century, due to the lack of energy interconnections, limited domestic energy resources, extensive fossil fuel dependence, and high load variance requiring new technologies to balance demand and supply. At the same time, these challenges can be turned into a great opportunity for economic growth and the creation of jobs with non-interconnected islands having the potential to become transition frontrunners by adopting sustainable technologies and implementing innovative solutions. This paper uses an advanced energy–economy system modeling tool (IntE3-ISL) accompanied by plausible decarbonization scenarios to assess the medium- and long-term impacts of energy transition on the energy system, emissions, economy, and society of the island of Mayotte. The model-based analysis adequately captures the specificities of Mayotte and examines the complexity, challenges, and opportunities to decarbonize the island’s non-interconnected energy system. The energy transition necessitates the adoption of ambitious climate policy measures and the extensive deployment of low- and zero-carbon technologies both in the demand and supply sides of the energy system, accounting for the unique characteristics of each individual sector, while sectoral integration is also important. To reduce emissions from hard-to-abate sectors, such as transportation and industry, the measures and technologies can include the installation and use of highly efficient equipment, the electrification of end uses (such as the widespread adoption of electric vehicles), the large roll-out of renewable energy sources, as well as the production and use of green hydrogen and synthetic fuels.

Hubungan Kerja Sama Perdagangan Komoditas Batu Bara Indonesia-China Tahun 2014-2021

This research aims to explain the relationship of bilateral trade cooperation between Indonesia and China in coal commodities, the influencing factors and the opportunities and defiances of Indonesia in trade cooperation of coal energy with China during the period of President Joko Widodo’s administration in 2014-2021. Indonesia and China are two countries that have very close relations in the energy sector, as seen from a lot of policies and cooperation agreed upon by the two countries. However, the existing social, economic and political dynamics also affect the cooperation between the two countries. Seeing these dynamics, this research tries to answer the reason why Indonesia and China did the coal trade cooperation, how was the bilateral cooperation between the two countries and what is Indonesia’s opportunity and defiance of coal bilateral trade cooperation with China. This research uses the Heckscher-Ohlin international trade theory, international cooperation and new trade strategy concepts to answer the questions. The data collection technique used in this research is a secondary data collection technique with a literature review method. From the analysis, the coal bilateral trade cooperation between Indonesia-China does not escape from their national interest which is over production of coal in Indonesia and the lack of domestic coal energy resources in China. So the author concludes that domestic and global factors, big opportunities and defiances play a very important role in relation to coal bilateral trade cooperation between Indonesia and China.

The Role of Clean Generation Technologies in the Energy Transformation in Poland

The ongoing transformation of the Polish power sector have been shaped by a number of factors. In this article, both external conditions for the Polish energy market—such as the country’s membership in the European Union—and internal ones—including domestic energy resources and demand for electricity, or the structure of the Polish economy—have been analysed. This study focuses specifically on the issue of development of clean generation technologies as these are fundamental to the energy-transition process. Its determinants have been examined empirically. To this end, econometric models have been developed using sectoral data from the Polish electric power industry. Improvements in technology have been measured as innovation inputs, that is, RD&D investments in environmental technologies. Explanatory variables encompass economic as well as institutional measures: energy price, environmental policy stringency, long-term interest rate, market concentration and protection of intellectual property rights. The findings obtained point to a positive impact of the variables named on the innovative activity in Poland, with the exception of market concentration, which was proven to be statistically insignificant.

Regional trade and expansion planning (RTEP) model: Model for regional power sector integration in Africa

Regional power pools present a significant and potentially defining opportunity for African power systems to develop domestic energy resources, improve system reliability, and contribute to overall economic development. Hydropower is expected to play a significant role in many regional power pools in Africa. Feasible power transmission highways from Grand Inga in Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Grand Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia to other regions on the continent create the possibility of a pan-African electricity grid. However, in the medium and long-term, global climate change is expected to cause major variations in Africa's hydrological resources and it is not known how these changes may impact the value of regional power sector integration. This paper presents a model developed to study the value of different levels of regional integration in sub-Saharan Africa and how this value may change in the face of climate change. This work builds on previous studies by incorporating the ability to trade between different regional pools, co-optimization of generation and transmission, the ability to share reserves, and detailed simulation of the major hydro basins in Africa. Numerical results of the analysis will be presented in a parallel paper.

Study on the decarbonization in China's power sector under the background of carbon neutrality by 2060

The power sector in China, which is the main CO2 emission contributor in the country, plays an essential role in achieving the 2060 carbon neutrality goal. Notably, there are scientific gaps regarding the decarbonization plan to achieve this goal and the future power supply structure. The objective of this study is to systematically explore and evaluate the feasibility of constructing a carbon-neutral power sector. Considering the power source potential, power supply characteristics, and advanced technologies, methodological steps were developed for the design and assessment of China's power sector. In particular, an evaluation indicator system was included to assess the decarbonization of the power sector and make it comparable in the international context. The results indicated that it is possible for the country's power sector to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, using available domestic energy resources. The total cost of the 100% non-fossil power sector was the lowest, accounting for 87.3% of that of the business-as-usual (BAU) power sector. Compared with the BAU power sector, the renewable power sectors had abatement costs of −0.12–0.43 kCNY/t. The negative abatement cost indicated that power sector decarbonization could be cost-effective in China. In the international context, the cost of electricity of the future China power sector (∼0.42 CNY/kWh) was comparable to that in other regions, while the CO2 abatement cost was lower than that in most regions. The proposed methodological steps can be beneficial for CO2 emissions reduction and energy structure conversion in the power sector of any region.

Analysis of China and the World's Energy Security Issues

Energy security is an important part of the national security system. Affected by global geopolitics and the spread of the novel corona virus pneumonia, China's energy security is facing severe challenges. Energy is the most basic driving force for the development and economic growth of the whole world, and it is the basis for human survival. The issue of energy security has arisen since the Industrial Revolution. With the increasing demand for energy in human society, energy security has been gradually getting closely linked with political and economic security. By the middle of the 21st century, or around 2050, oil resources will be exhausted, and prices will rise substantially, according to a common estimate by economists and scientists. If the new energy system is not established at this time, the energy crisis will sweep the world, especially the developed countries that strongly depend on oil resources. How to comprehensively and efficiently utilize domestic energy resources, control and reduce the scale of oil and gas imports, and ensure energy security are still urgent research issues for China's high-quality and sustainable development.

Energy demand and production forecasting in Pakistan

Pakistan has been in severe energy crises since the year 2004. Major reasons behind energy crises are lack of use of modeling tools in power planning and policy development, dependence on imported energy sources and poor governance. In this paper, electricity demand forecasting for Pakistan up to the year 2030 and a proposal for utilizing domestic energy resources, such as, coal, natural gas, and solar resources available in Baluchistan province of Pakistan for the electricity needs of the country are presented. Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) software is used to develop energy demand model for Pakistan that forecasts energy demand under two scenarios, i.e., baseline scenario and energy conservation scenario for the period from 2018 to 2030. Electrical power generation capacity of coal, natural gas and solar resources is also calculated considering the capacity factor of each type of energy asset using MATLAB. This work suggests that Pakistan's energy demand forecast is 399 TWh under the baseline scenario and 312 TWh under the energy conservation scenario. The power generation potential of domestic energy assets available in Baluchistan is 500.041 TWh in total, which includes Natural Gas 392.768 TWh, Solar 84.935 TWh and Coal 22.338 TWh. This research would help relevant government departments in Pakistan for power capacity development as per the required energy demand and alleviate energy crises in Pakistan.

Mining sector in the economic structure of South Kalimantan Province: direct and indirect impacts

Supporting sectors for sustainable economic development in a region can have a direct impact on GRDP and indirectly have an impact through strong backward and forward linkage to other economic sectors. Analysis of backward and forward linkages can be performed using input-output tables that describe the role of each sector in the regional economy. The abundance of coal resources in South Kalimantan Province makes the mining sector the largest contributor to GRDP. Coal is an export commodity that has a very large percentage of the total regional export value. The enormous impact on GRDP, both in terms of business fields and final demand, is not accompanied by strong linkages to other economic sectors. The existence of the mining sector is unable to stimulate production growth in the backward sector and is unable to fulfill the final demand of the forward sector. Restrictions on coal exports to fulfill domestic energy resource needs are able to make the mining sector of South Kalimantan Province a key sector to support sustainable regional economic development.

Aufstieg zur Energiemacht: Der sowjetische Weg ins Erdölzeitalter: 1930-er bis 1950-er Jahre

Aufstieg zur Energiemacht: Der sowjetische Weg ins Erdölzeitalter: 1930-er bis 1950-er Jahre

Growth performance of Calophyllum inophyllum at a bioenergy trial plot in Bukit Soeharto Research and Education Forest, East Kalimantan

The Indonesian government has committed to providing its entire population with energy through the National Energy Policy, which highlights the importance of diversification, environmental sustainability, and enhanced deployment of domestic energy resources. The contribution of new and renewable energy (NRE) to the nation’s energy supply is mandated to reach 23% by 2025, with bioenergy an important NRE alternative. If developed and deployed appropriately, bioenergy plantations have potential to restore degraded land and enhance biodiversity and environmental services while supporting rural livelihoods. As a potential biofuel tree species suited to the tropics, Calophyllum inophyllum (nyamplung) is being tested across wide-ranging degraded forest conditions in Indonesia. Nyamplung is a potential biodiesel alternative as it grows well in harsh environmental conditions, produces non-edible seed oil, has high amounts of kernel oil and fruits profusely. Here we report growth performance in a plantation trial plot established in February 2018, on previously burned land in Mulawarman University’s Bukit Soeharto Research and Educational Forest. Growth of this two-year-old plantation is strong compared to other Indonesian sites, with average survival rate above 90% on Ultisol soil, which is classified as low fertility and acidic. The findings reveal that different doses of fertilizer applications and slope gradient have no significant effects on growth performance. In addition, trees have already started to flower and fruit, and are colonized by bird species and insects, including bees and butterflies. The study indicates that nyamplung adapts well to different land and soil types. Bioenergy plantations on degraded land are a promising approach for land restoration, and enhance native biodiversity and environmental services while providing a source of renewable energy.

Losing Steam: Why Does Japan Produce So Little Geothermal Power?

AbstractJapan has long faced energy insecurity due to its extreme dependence on energy imports. Why, then, has Japan failed to exploit its huge domestic geothermal energy resources, which could provide up to 10% of the country’s electricity needs? This article argues that local interests empowered by national policy have been the main obstacle to expansion of geothermal power production in Japan since the 1970s. The article substantiates its claim with a historical analysis of national geothermal policy and a fieldwork-based case study of geothermal power development in Yuzawa City, Akita Prefecture.

ТЭК азиатской России в меняющемся мире

The article examines the current state and possibilities for development of the energy complex in Russia’s Asian regions (territories to the East of the Urals) under the constraints of the globally promoted energy transition agenda. The authors consider these issues mainly from the point of view of the extent to which the development of the energy complex in accordance with the UN Sustainable Development Goals and ESG (Environment, Sustainability, Governance) paradigm can ensure more sustainable socio-economic development of the vast Russia’s territory. It is shown that lagging behind in development of scientific and production services in the East of Russia, production of specialized machinery and capabilities for deeper processing of energy resources significantly reduces the chances of achieving both the sustainable socio-economic development and reduction of carbon intensity in the area. Developing of procedures and approaches for the institutional structure of government regulation and management of the energy complex in the East of Russia in order to exploit its huge energy potential plays an important role in solving these problems. That is hardly achievable without the formation of feedback between exports of energy resources and the projects aimed at changing the structure of the economy of Russia’s Asian regions. The authors believe that the currently observed rapid growth in demand for domestic primary energy resources in China and the Asia-Pacific Region as a whole should not be treated as a stable long-term trend and one should not be entirely guided by it when making and implementing longterm structural decisions. Also, in order to increase the stability of the energy complex of Russia’s Asian regions and Russian economy as a whole, it is necessary to develop projects based on the forward and backward linkages between various economic sectors and regions.

RESEARCH ON ELECTRICAL PRODUCTION OF MULTI-PURPOSE SUSTAINABLE DAMS IN THE WORLD

Dams a facility that stores water in the and uses water in a sustainable way. The high use of imported energy resources, which is composed entirely of fossil fuels and which has negative impacts in terms of economic and political aspects, clearly shows that the use and potential of domestic and renewable energy resources is inevitable. Increasing the domestic and renewable primary energy source of hydroelectric energy production to the highest values is only possible with the development of the right tank management policies. Dams also had been built to produce motive power and electricity since the industrial revolution. Development priorities changed, experience accumulated with the construction and operation of dams. Although the importance of water is well known in the human life and civilization around the world, still various groups argue that expected economic benefits are not being produced and that major environmental, economic and social costs are not being taken into account

СОСТОЯНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГЕТИКИ КАМЧАТСКОГО КРАЯ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЕЕ РАЗВИТИЯ

Sustainable socio-economic development of any region is determined by the efficiency of its energy supply system. For isolated power systems, which include the Kamchatka region, it is particularly important to ensure energy independence by maximizing the use of domestic energy resources in electricity production. The article deals with the structure of the electric power industry of the Kamchatka region, presents the composition of generating capacities in the power supply system of the region and an assesses the impact they have on the electricity tariff. The dynamics of electric energy consumption and the structure of consumers are considered. The largest consumers in the Main Energy hub of the region are identified and the efficiency of this structure is assessed. Data on the power supply in remote isolated energy hubs of the Kamchatka region are presented. An overview of the quantitative and typical composition of the turbine equipment of Kamchatka power plants is presented, and an assessment of the residual resource is made. Based on the analysis of the power supply structure and taking into account the technical condition of the power equipment and the experience of operating the main generating capacities the article assesses the regional energy system development prospects. The artic¬le also presents an approach based on transferring the main energy capacities to internal hydro resources to ensure the reliability, safety and efficiency of the Kamchatka Territory's energy.