Domestic Animal Endocrinology Research Articles

US Doppler in the monitoring of hemodynamic alterations of the supplementary corpus luteum in cyclic mares

For the success of an equine breeding program, follow-up by a veterinarian is essential. In early pregnancy, luteinized follicles develop into an accessory or supplementary corpus luteum (SCL) which, like the primary corpus luteum, produces progesterone and contributes to the maintenance of early pregnancy (Hannan et al. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 2020; 72:106424). If SCLs are insufficient, progesterone supplementation may be required but research data in this field are limited. Hence it is important to monitor the hemodynamic changes of the SCLs using Doppler ultrasonography (US Doppler). The aim of this study was to follow the onset and development of SCLs, evaluate their degrees of vascularization, subjectively (determining vascularity) and objectively (comparing the number and intensity of pixels). Crossbred mares (n=15) were inseminated, then SCLs monitored in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. There was an average of 2.8 SCL/mare due to the ovulation and development of SCLs and differences in vascular perfusionwere seen between days 35 and 70 of gestation. There was a correlation (P<0.001) between SCL vascularization and the number and intensity of pixels, with the greatest increase occurring between days 70 and 119 of pregnancy. This corresponds with the peak production of progesterone by these structures. From day 120, a decrease in the vascular perfusion of the SCLs was seen, and at 140 days of gestation, the few SCLs that remained were in regression. This is logical because by this stage of gestation, progesterone is mainly of placental origin. Thus, US Doppler evaluation of SCLs in early pregnancy may assist in the decision whether to administer supplementary progesterone and for how long or not at all. Future research that may evaluate the contribution of equine chorionic gonadotropin to the formation of SCLs, its effect on the plasma concentration of progesterone as well as any requirement for progesterone supplementation at all is required.

Iodine concentration in raw sheep milk from Slovak farms - preliminary results

Iodine concentration in raw sheep milk from Slovak farms - preliminary results

Prognostic impact of neck responders on conception rate of Czech Fleckvieh Simmental cows

Article Details: Received: 2020-10-25 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.58-61 The climate in the Czech Republic is mild, transient between oceanic and continental, with a typical alternation of 4-year periods. The continental climate is characterized by high temperatures in summer and low temperatures in winter. During the extreme fluctuation of microclimatic conditions in the stable, there is also a change in individual reproductive indicators due to disruption of hormonal secretion, which further affects individual physiological processes, thus worsening conception or milder manifestations of heat, which we currently try to detect by neck responders and other modern systems.The experiment analyzed the effect of the average monthly temperature and humidity in the stable on the percentage of pregnant cows, in 2017 without the use of neck responders and in 2019, when all cows already had a neck responder. Monitoring was performed in 2017 and 2019 on the private farm GenAgro Řicany, a.s. (GPS 49 ° 12'32.319 N, 16 ° 23'42.666 V). The values of average temperatures and relative humidity were calculated from 15-minute interval recordings of HOBO brand data loggers (Onset), which were placed in the stable, at the height at the withers of the cows without the possibility of influencing the measurements by the cows themselves. The object of monitoring was a herd of approximately 700 cows of Czech Fleckvieh Simmental various lactations. Data on the conception of cows were obtained both from the monthly reports of the breeding organization and from the data of the breeder.Thermal stress can have a long-lasting effect observable for weeks or months after the summer. This is also evidenced by the results of the work, which shows the worsening conception of cows, especially in late summer and autumn. At the same time, the results show a positive effect of the used neck responders, which help with the detection of heat and thus improve the reproduction of the whole herd. Keywords: Czech Fleckvieh Simmental, smart farming, neck responders, reproduction, heat stress References Badinga, L., et al. (1985). Effects of climatic and management factors on conception rate of dairy cattle in subtropical environment. J Dairy Sci , 68, 78–85. Bertipaglia, E. C. A., et al. (2005). Fertility and hair coat characteristics of Holstein cows in a tropical environment . Anim Reprod , 2(3), 187–194. Bridges, P. J. et al. (2005). Elevated temperature (heat stress) in vitro reduces androstenedione and estradiol and increases progesterone secretion by follicular cells from bovine dominant follicles. Domestic Animal Endocrinology , 29, 508–522, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.02.017 . Funnell, A. (2015). Robots and the future of agriculture . [cited 2020-10-15]. Available from: http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/futuretense/a-swarmof-agbots/6968940 Jelinek, P., Koudela, K. et al. (2003). Fyziologie hospodařských zviřat . Brno: Mendelova zemědělska a lesnicka univerzita. Rensis, F. D., Scaramuzzi, R. . (2003). Heat stress and seasonal effects on reproduction in the dairy cow – a review. Theriogenology, 60,1139–1151, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(03)00126-2 . Schmitt, E. J. et al. (1996). Differential response of the luteal phase and fertility in cattle following ovulation of the first-wave follicle with human chorionic gonadotropin or an agonist of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone. J Anim Sci , 74, 1074–1083, DOI: 10.2527/1996.7451074x Schwab, K. (2016). The fourth industrial revolution . New York: Crown Business. Ustundag, A., Cevikcan, E. (2017). Industry 4.0: managing the digital transformation . New York: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Velechovska, J. (2016). Monitoring přežvykovani pro efektivnějsi chov . Chov [online]., 8. cislo 18–20 str. [cited 2020-10-15]. Available from: https://www.eurofarm.cz/sites/www.eurofarm.cz/files/u2018/08-2016-chov-priloha_str18-20-eurofarm.pdf Wolfenson, D., Roth, Z., Meidan, R. (2000). Impaired reproduction in heat stressed: basic and applied aspects. Anim Reprod Sci , 60, 535–547, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00102-0 .

Polymorphism in the gene FABP3 and its association with indicators of meat quality in pigs

Received: 2016-06-07 | Accepted: 2016-06-16 | Available online: 2016-12-22 http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.04.171-173 The objective of this study was to analyze the variability of the FABP3 gene (heart fatty acid-binding protein) in the population of pig Czech large white breed and to analyze the association with parameters of meat quality. FABP3 belongs to multigene family of FABPs (fatty acid binding proteins affecting the transport of long chain fatty acids). Analyzed polymorphism was at position X98558:g.1321 G > C in the 5’ UTR region. The relative frequencies of genotypes were: HH = 0.87and Hh = 0.13. Genotype hh was not detected in the population. The frequencies of alleles were as follows: H = 0.93 and h = 0.07. There were statistically significant associations between genotypes and values of stearic acid and linoleic acid. Highly statistically significant difference was observed with palmitic acid. Keywords: SNP polymorphism, FABP3, pig, fatty acids References FERNANDEZ, X. et al. (1999) Influence of intramuscular fat content on the quality of pig meat. Composition of the lipid fraction and sensory characteristics of m. longissimus lumborum. Meat Sci, vol. 53, pp. 59–65. HAN X.et al. (2012) Investigation of four porcine candidate genes (H-FABP, MYOD1, UCP3 and MASTR) for meat quality traits in Large White pigs. Molecular Biology Reports, vol. 39, pp. 6599–6605. CHMURZYŃSKA, A. (2006) The multigene family of fatty acid-binding protein (FABPs): Function, structure and polymorphism. Journal of Applied Genetics, vol. 47, no.1, pp. 39-48. MAHARANI, D. et al. (2012) Evaluation of Three Candidate Genes Affecting Fatty Acid Composition in Pigs. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, vol. 32, pp. 6–12. PANG, W.J., BAI, L. and YANG G.S. (2006) Relationship among H-FABP gene polymorphism, intramuscular fat content, and adipocyte lipid droplet content in main pig breeds with different genotypes in western China. Acta Genetica Sinica, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 515–524. REARDON, W.et al. (2010) Association of polymorphisms in candidate genes with colour, water-holding capacity, and composition traits in bovine M. longissimus and M. semimembranosus. Meat Sci, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 270–275. TYRA, M.et al. (2010) H-FABP and LEPR gene expression profile in skeletal muscles and liver during ontogenesis in various breeds of pigs. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, vol. 40, pp. 147–154. WANG, W. et al. (2013) Candidate gene expression affects intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition in pigs. Journal of Applied Genetics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 113–118.

Impact of training load on the heart rate of horses

Received: 2016-02-18 | Accepted: 2016-03-04 | Available online: 2016-12-22 http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.04.167-170 In our work, we analyzed the effect of training load on the heart rate of horses in a simulated load by the loading regulator for horse motion Horse Gym 2000. In the experiment were observed 8 Slovak Warmblood horses (3 mares, 4 geldings, 1 stallion) aged 6-10 years. The experiment was divided into two parts after three weeks. The speed of the tested horses was 4.9 km/h in the first part of experiment, in the second part was the speed 5.2 km/h with a gradual uphill up to 7 %. The tested horses achieved during the experiment an average heart rate level below 70 beats a minute, which is a light load. The maximum values of heart rate were recorded at 120 to 147 beats/min. Differences between tested horses in the values of heart rate were not statistically significant. After three weeks we recorded in the values of average and maximum heart rate onset of bradycardia, which is documented the adaptation of body to the specified load. Keywords: heart rate, horse, load, training References COUROUCE, A., CHRETIEN, M. and VALETTE, J. P. (2002) Physiological variables measured under field conditions according to age and state of training in French Trotters. Equine Veterinary Journal, vol. 34, pp. 91-97. CROSS, N. et al. (2008) Effects of lighting conditions on the welfare of horses being loaded for training. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, vol. 3, pp. 20-24. DOBSAK, P. (2009) Clinical physiology of physical load. Brno: Masaryk university, pp. 47-53. ENGELHARDT, W. V. (1977) Cardiovascular effect of exercise and training of horses. Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med., vol. 21, pp. 173-205. EVANS, D. L. (2007) Physiology of equine performance and associated tests of function. Equine Veterinary Journal, vol. 33, p. 543. FREEMAN, J. V. et al. (2006) Autonomic nervous system interaction with the cardiovascular system during exercise. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, vol. 48, pp. 342-362. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2005.11.003 HANAK, J. and OLEHLA, C. (2010) Clinical physiology of horses and their training. University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Science, Brno, pp. 130-136. KRZYWANEK, H. et al. (1970) The heart rates of Thoroughbred horses during a race. Equine Veterinary Journal, vol. 2, pp. 115-117. LEINO, J. et al. (2010) Exercise-test-related heart rate variability and mortality: The Finnish cardiovascular study. International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 144, pp. 154-155. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.12.123 LINDHOLM, A. and SALTIN, B. (1974) The physiological and biochemical response of standardbred horses to exercise of varying speed and duration. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, vol. 15, pp. 310-324. LITTLEJOHN, A. (1987) Exercise-related cardiovascular problems. In: ROBINSON, N. E. (ed.) Current therapy in equine medicine 2. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co., p. 176. MARR, C. M. and BURTON, M. (2010) Cardiology of the horse. 2. ed. London: Elsevier. p. 84 MOHR, E., WITTE, E. and VOSS, B. (2000) Heart rate variability as stress indicator. Archive Tierzucht., Sonderheft, Dummerstorf, vol. 43, pp. 171-176. PERINI, R. and VEICTEINAS, A. (2003) Heart rate variability and autonomic activity at rest and during exercise in various physiological conditions. Eur. Journal Application Physiology, vol. 90, pp. 317-325. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-003-0953-9 PERSSON, S. G. B. (1967) On blood volume and working capacity in horses. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, vol. 19 (Suppl.), pp. 101-121. PERSSON, S. G. B. and LYDIN, G. (1973) Circulatory effects of splenectomy in the horse, III Effect on pulse-work relationship. Journal of Veterinary Medicine [A], vol. 20, pp. 521-530. POOPLE, D. C. and ERICKSON, H. H. (2004) Heart and vessels function during exercise and response to training. In: HINCHCLIFF, K. W., KANEPS, A. J., and GEOR, R. J. (eds.) Equine sports medicine and surgery. New York: Saunders, p. 699. SCHMIDT, A. et al. (2010) Cortisol release, heart rate, and heart rate variability in transport-naive horses during repeated road transport. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, vol. 3, pp. 205-213. VOSS, B., MOHR, E. and KRZYWANEK, H. (2002) Effects of aqua-treadmill exercise on selected blood parameters and on heart-rate variability of horses. Journal of Veterinary Medicine A, Physiology, Pathology and Clinical Medicine, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 137-143. YOUNG, L. (2004) Diseases of the heart and vessels. In: HINCHCLIFF, K. W., KANEPS, A. J. and GEOR, R. J. (eds.) Equine sports medicine and surgery. New York: Saunders, p. 727.

Fat reserves and perceived predation risk in the great tit, Parus major.

The fat reserves of small birds are built up daily as insurance against starvation. They are believed to reflect a trade-off between the risks of starvation and predation such that in situations of high predation risk birds are expected either to reduce their fat reserves in response to mass-dependent predation risk or to increase them in response to foraging interruptions. We assessed the effect on fat reserves of experimentally altering the perceived (but not the actual) risk of predation of wild great tits at a winter feeding site. The perceived predation risk was alternated between 'safe' and 'risky'. Increasing the perceived risk of predation involved 'swooping' a model sparrowhawk over the feeder at four unpredictable times each day using a remote mechanism We produce evidence that the experiment was suceessfull in altering the perceived risk of predation. As predicted from the hypothesis of mass-dependent predation risk, great tits (Parus major) carried significantly reduced fat reserves during the 'risky' treatment. Furthermore, dominant individuals were able to reduce their reserves more than subordinates. As birds returned to feeders within seconds after a predator 'attack', the reduction in fat reserves cannot be attributed to an interruption in feeding.

Inhibition of GH release and synthesis by fatty acids in primary cultured caprine anterior pituitary cells

s REGPEP 2000 35 INHIBITION OF GH RELEASE AND SYNTHESIS BY FATTY ACIDS IN PRIMARY CULTURED CAPRINE ANTERIOR PITUITARY CELLS Katoh, Kazuo; Ishiwata, Hiroko; Chen, Chen; Obara, Yoshiyuki Dept. Anim. Physiol., Facul. Agri., Tohoku Univ., Japan Influence of growth hormone (GH) secretion from somatotrophs by nutrients has been demonstrated in a variety of animal species in vivo and in vitro. For example, amino acids increased intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and raised GH release from caprine somatotrophs (Ohata et al., 1997). In contrast, short-chain fatty acids (propionate and butyrate) suppressed GH release from and total GH content in somatotrophs (Katoh et al., 1999; lshiwata et al., 2000). Present experiment aimed to clarify the mechanism of fatty acids action on GH release, [Ca2+]i, Ca current and GH mRNA levels in primary cultured caprine anterior pituitary cells. Caprine anterior pituitary cells were cultured in DMEM containinglO% FCS for 3 days. 1) Cells were stimulated with GHRH (1 nM, 30 min) in the presence or absence of a fatty acid (butyrate, octanoate or oleate, 0.01-10 mM). Fatty acids significantly suppressed GHRH-induced increase in GH release and cellular GH content in a dose-dependent manner. 2) Octanoate and oleate significantly reduced [Ca2+]i observed in flue-3 loaded cells with a confocal laser microscope. 3) Recorded by patch-clamp in whole-cell configuration, nifedipine-sensitive (I-TX-resistant) L-type Ca current was markedly reduced by octanoate. 4) Northern blot analysis showed that butyrate treatment for 24h reduced the level of GHmRNA in pituitary cells. Based on these results, we conclude that fatty acids suppress Ca2+ influx via L-type voltage-gated Ca channels leading to the decrease in [Ca2+]i and GH release. Fatty acids also reduce the level of GHmRNA resulting in the decrease in GH synthesis in caprine somatotrophs. REFERENCES: Ohata Y., Maruyama Y., Katoh K. and Sasaki Y. (1997) Domestic Animal Endocrinology 14: 99-107; Katoh K., Ohata Y. and Ishiwata H. (1999) Domestic Animal Endocrinology 17: 85-93; lshiwata H., Nagano M., Sasaki Y., Chen C. and Katoh K. (2000) Genera/ and Comparative Ecfocrinology 118:400-406. INHIBITION OF iNOS EXPRESSION AND NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION IN MONOCYTES BY THE TREFOIL PEPTIDE TFF2 Giraud, Andy S; Parker, Lorraine M University of Melbourne, Australia Trefoil peptides are secreted products of many epithelia particularly the gut. They are induced following mucosal injury and inflammation and participate in wound healing. We demonstrated that application of recombinant TFF2 in a model of ulcerative colitis both accelerates mucosal reconstitution and reduces inflammatory indices, suggesting multiple modes of action. Since prolonged inflammation results in high level production of nitric oxide (NO) and ultimately formation of damaging peroxynitrite, we aimed to test whether trefoil peptides might limit ongoing mucosal injury in part by inhibiting NO synthesis by the inducible synthase INOS. METHODS: RAW 264.7 monocyte cell line was pre-incubated with 0.3535 uM glycosylated human TFF2 (ghTFF2) or vehicle then challenged with 1 nM LPS for 18 hr. Secreted NO was measured using the Griess reagent and cellular iNOS by Western blotting. Peroxynitrite induced protein nitration was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in control colon or after TFF2 or vehicle treatment for 5 days, 1 week after colitis induction (DNBS/ethnol). Results: ghTFF2 treatment of LPS challenged cells showed a dosedependent reduction (3535pM) in NO production. Similarly, 1.4-14 uM ghTFF2 inhibited iNOS expression to control levels in RAW cell extracts. Mucosal nitrated protein was markedly reduced in rats with colitis treated with ghTFF2 compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: TFF2 reduces NO production by monocytes by inhibiting iNOS expression after LPS challenge. The TFF2-induced reduction in protein nitration after colitis induction, indicates that peroxynitrite production is reduced due to NO inhibition. These data suggest that NO inhibition may be one mechanism by which trefoil peptides protect the gut against ongoing damage in chronic inflammation.

Domestic animal endocrinology meritorious graduate research publication award

Domestic animal endocrinology meritorious graduate research publication award

Domestic animal endocrinology meritorious graduate research award

Domestic animal endocrinology meritorious graduate research award

Domestic animal endocrinology meritorious graduate research award

Domestic animal endocrinology meritorious graduate research award

Domestic animal endocrinology meritorious graduate research award

Domestic animal endocrinology meritorious graduate research award

Domestic Animal Endocrinology Meritorious Graduate Research Publication Award

Domestic Animal Endocrinology Meritorious Graduate Research Publication Award

Domestic animal endocrinology meritorious graduate research publication award

Domestic animal endocrinology meritorious graduate research publication award

Domestic animal endocrinology meritorious graduate research publication award

Domestic animal endocrinology meritorious graduate research publication award

Domestic animal endocrinology meritorious graduate research publication award

Domestic animal endocrinology meritorious graduate research publication award

A technique for hypophysial stalk transection in the cow.

ArticleA technique for hypophysial stalk transection in the cow.L L Anderson, and S L OxenreiderL L Anderson, and S L OxenreiderPublished Online:01 Nov 1967https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1967.23.5.762MoreSectionsPDF (944 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited BySecretion of dopamine and norepinephrine in hypophyseal portal blood and prolactin in peripheral blood of Holstein cattle☆Domestic Animal Endocrinology, Vol. 20, No. 2Long-Term Growth after Hypophyseal Stalk Transection and Hypophysectomy of Beef Calves*Endocrinology, Vol. 140, No. 5Seasonal regulation of prolactin secretion in hypophyseal stalk transected beef calvesAnimal Reproduction Science, Vol. 52, No. 4Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Pulse Frequency on Serum and Pituitary Concentrations of Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, GnRH Receptors, and Messenger Ribonucleic Acid for Gonadotropin Subunits in Cows*Endocrinology, Vol. 138, No. 2Prolactin secretion after hypophysial stalk transection in prepuberal beef heifersAnimal Reproduction Science, Vol. 18, No. 1-3Transorbital pituitary stalk section in primatesJournal of Neurosurgery, Vol. 37, No. 5 More from this issue > Volume 23Issue 5November 1967Pages 762-5 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1967.23.5.762PubMed6070264History Published online 1 November 1967 Published in print 1 November 1967 Metrics