Domestic Air Transport Research Articles

Delay propagation patterns in Japan’s domestic air transport network

We experience air traffic delays every day, but are there any recurrent patterns in these delays? In this study, we investigate the recurrence of delay propagation patterns in Japan’s domestic air transport network in 2019 by integrating delay causality networks and temporal network analysis. Additionally, we examine characteristics unique to delay propagation by comparing delay causality networks with corresponding randomized networks generated by a directed configuration model. As a result, we found that the structure of the delay propagation patterns can be classified into several groups. The identified groups exhibit statistically significant differences in total delay time and average out-degree, with different airports playing central roles in spreading delays. The results also suggest that some delay propagation patterns are particularly prominent during specific times of the year, which could be influenced by Japan’s seasonal and geographical factors. Moreover, we discovered that specific network motifs appear significantly more (or less) frequently in delay causality networks than their corresponding randomized counterparts. This characteristic is particularly pronounced in groups with more significant delays. These results suggest that delays propagate following specific directional patterns, which could significantly contribute to predicting air traffic delays. We expect the present study to trigger further research on recurrent and non-recurrent natures of air traffic delay propagation.

Regular domestic air passenger market dynamics: The Brazilian case

Brazil occupies a prominent position as one of the largest domestic air passenger markets globally. In May 2019, OAG Aviation Worldwide Limited (OAG), a renowned global travel data provider, ranked Brazil as the world’s 6th largest domestic market. This study identifies and meticulously analyses statistical trends in how service levels affect passenger demand on domestic air routes in Brazil. To that end, it employs a panel-data gravity model incorporating service as an instrumental variable. The findings confirm the influence of traditional gravity explanatory variables, while also contributing novel insights into the impact of service levels on domestic routes. The analysis reveals that, while factors such as income and distance play a fundamental role in shaping domestic demand, level of service emerges as a crucial determinant on regional connections. Overall, the statistics suggest growing divergences between Brazilian airlines and regional air transport. Accordingly, substantial changes are necessary in both government policies and the services offered by the airline industry in order to harness the full potential of Brazil’s domestic air transport passenger market and foster regional development.

АНАЛІЗ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ АВІАТРАНСПОРТНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ

The development of the air transportation industry of Ukraine is studied. The main trends of international and domestic air transportation, differences in the dynamics of cargo and passenger air transportation and changes that occurred under the influence of economic and political factors, as well as those caused by the pandemic and military events are identified. The competitive position of Ukrainian and foreign airlines in the international air transportation market is analyzed. The main reasons for the weak development of domestic air transportation are identified. The structure and main models of Ukrainian airports are analyzed. The regression models of passenger and cargo traffic of air transport are built, determined by the influence of the main macroeconomic indicators, which can be used for strategic forecasting of the development of the air transport industry in the post-war period. The article describes the perspective models of development of airlines and airports in Ukraine. Tough competition will lead to the fact that Ukrainian airlines, if they continue to exist, are likely to move to the model of small “hybrid airlines” or become ACMI operators. Due to the lack of access to cheap financial resources, Ukrainian airlines will gradually be pushed out of the market by foreign competitors. By lowering barriers to entry, new small Ukrainian regional airlines will emerge in the regions, operating on secondary routes that are not of interest to foreign carriers. The air transportation industry will move from the Hub-and-Spoke network model to the Point-to-Point model. Airports will have low profitability due to significant price pressure from low-cost airlines, and significantly lower revenues from aviation and non-aviation activities. Such airports will need government support to ensure their operation. After the opening of the airspace, considerable efforts will have to be made to stimulate and stabilize the development of air transportation, in particular in the areas of regulatory and legal regulation, organizational and managerial support, fiscal and monetary incentives, investment and innovation, and workforce.

РОЗВИТОК КООПЕРАЦІЙНИХ ВІДНОСИН АВІАТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В СИСТЕМІ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ РИНКУ АВІАЦІЙНИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the construction and functioning of modern cooperation mechanisms of air transport enterprises, to substantiate the advantages and risks of cooperation based on the analysis of key trends of international cooperative relations in the global infrastructure system of the air transportation market. Scientific theories of international division of labour, international specialization and internationalization of cooperative relations form the methodological basis of the research. Both general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used – historical-logical, descriptive-analytical, analysis and synthesis, methods of quantitative and qualitative comparisons. The informational basis of the article is monographic studies and periodical publications of domestic and foreign economists, analytical reports of international organizations, international consulting companies and analytical centres. The article examines the global experience of implementing international cooperative relations of air transport enterprises, highlights the main forms of airline cooperation. It was established that the degree and conditions of involvement of airlines in cooperative relations differ in the markets of domestic and international transportation, intercontinental air transportation. The most common mechanisms of interaction between airlines are the conclusion of interline agreements and codeshare agreements. It was revealed that global aviation alliances occupy a dominant position in the structure of the world air transport market. It is also stated that the highest level of cooperation between airlines is the creation of joint ventures, which makes it possible to avoid mergers and acquisitions. Within the framework of the study, the advantages and risks of various forms of cooperation for both air passengers and subjects of international aviation business are substantiated. Research results can be used for scientific substantiation and further creation of proper conditions for effective international cooperation of domestic air transport enterprises during the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.

Effect of hydrophobization of airfield coatings on the consumption of deicing reagents2

The issue of reducing costs for the maintenance of airfield coatings is particularly important nowadays due to the increase in the intensity of domestic air transportation. A significant part of the costs of the operational maintenance of airfields is spent on the purchase of deicing reagents (DIR) used to protect airfield pavements from icing. There is a possibility to reduce the required amount DIR by using of hydrophobizing impregnations (HPI) for cement concrete airfield pavements. The assumption about possibility to reduce costs for DIR by using HPI was proven by laboratory tests on specimens of cement concrete slabs. In the course of laboratory tests the process of airfield pavement icing and de-icing was modeled. According to the results of experimental studies it was determined that the consumption of DIR for cement concrete slabs specimens treated with HPI was reduced by 35% compared to similar specimens without HPI treatment. For the economic evaluation of cost reduction for the purchase of DIRs, the costs of applied DIRs used at civil airfields of the Russian Federation were analyzed, taking into account their location in different climatic zones. The assessment has revealed that the cost savings for the purchase of DIRs can be up to 29.1 %.

Defining Standard of Access to Domestic Air Travel

Transport systems, in particular civil aviation, occupy an important place in development of any modern state. The effective design of such systems has a positive impact on the socio­economic component of any country. The quality of the transport system can be assessed through the population’s access to it. At present, one of the important problems of long-term development of the air transport system of the Russian Federation is definition of a universal indicator that allows assessing access to transport and its possible target standard.The article proposes an approach for assessing access to air travel using mathematical modelling. Two indicators are used as a criterion: a potential number of passengers in the gravitation zones of each airport and a passenger’s time being in the system. A methodology for determining the proposed indicators has been developed. The application of the approach of assessment of access to air travel is demonstrated on the 2019 network.An example of a target (simulated) network of domestic passenger air transportation is also given, which allows to significantly increase access to air travel. Based on the results obtained, the paper proposes target standards for the values of access to air travel for the Russian Federation.

Airlines Operating Cost and Revenue: The Case of the Cameroon National Airline

This paper attempts to provide a unique opportunity to calculate Cameroon domestic air transport operating cost and revenue. I explicitly introduce in my cost function the route distance of the domestic network in which carriers provide their services. Due to the declined in the domestic air transport routes in Cameroon, I proposed a hub-and-spoke network which influenced the operating revenue. My results, therefore, indicated that only two out of eleven routes are profitable. Consequently, to prevent huge shortfall in airlines revenues, I argued for the creation of the Domestic Network Sustainability Trust Fund.

Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Efficiency of Brazilian Domestic Air Transportation

Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Efficiency of Brazilian Domestic Air Transportation

The Factors of Affecting The Intention of Merchandise In Flight

This study aims to determine the effects of attitude, brands, social influence and satisfaction on purchase intentions of merchandise in flight to air transportation service users both domestically and abroad. This research used accidental sampling technique which was conducted on 201 samples from users of domestic or foreign air transportation services in 2019. The method was a questionnaire and an interview. By using SEM Amos 21 statistical tools. The results showed that all variables used in this study were attitudes, brands, social influences and satisfaction had a significant and positive influence on purchase intention variables. This shows that the presence of internal and external factors of a customer will also affect the customer's purchase intention for a merchandise.

Centrality anomalies for the domestic air transportation networks in the USA: an empirical benchmark.

Air transportation systems are a foundational infrastructure for the human's society. The lack of systematic and detailed investigation on a large amount of records for air flights has blocked seriously the deep understanding of the systems. By using the American domestic passenger flight records from 1995 to 2020, we constructed the air transportation networks and calculated the betweenness and the eigenvector centralities for the airports. It is found that in terms of eigenvector centrality, 15-30% airports in the unweighted and undirected networks behave anomalous. The anomalies disappear after considering the information of link weights or directionalites. Five widely used models for air transportation networks are evaluated, results for which tell us that the spatial constraints are required to eliminate the anomalies detected by the eigenvector centrality, and provide us some references for selecting the parameters in the models. We hope the empirical benchmarks reported in this paper can stimulate much more works on theoretical models for air transportation systems.

ПОДАТКОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ І СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ АВІАЦІЙНО-КОСМІЧНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article summarizes the institutional features of taxation of the aviation and space complex by its sub-sectors and individual types of economic activity. The principles of building a tax system for aircraft manufacturing entities, the content of their benefits from VAT, corporate income tax, and land tax are highlighted. The list of their transactions, which are exempt from VAT taxation and taxed at a zero rate, has been systematized. The conditions for exemption from the payment of income tax for aircraft manufacturing entities, the requirements for the targeted use of the released funds and the principles of state control over its legality have been determined. The tax system for aviation transport enterprises has been formalized, which includes benefits from VAT, excise taxes, as well as income tax under contracts of compulsory insurance of passenger transportation of civil aviation. Differences in VAT taxation of international and domestic transportation of passengers and baggage by air transport have been established. The list of its services, which are taxed at zero VAT rate, are exempt from VAT taxation and are not subject to VAT taxation, is defined. The reasons for the application of the excise tax rate without the application of the increasing coefficient for the import and production of aviation gasoline and fuel for jet engines have been clarified. The requirements for registration of tax benefits for transactions with excise goods in terms of the use of tax invoices, excise invoices, sales contracts, etc. are highlighted. Considered possible options for paying off a tax bill for a certain amount of excise tax. The experience of tax incentives for the implementation of the national infrastructural and transport project “Air Express” through the provision of VAT benefits has been systematized. It is substantiated by directions for improving the taxation of the aviation and space complex in terms of: equalization of the tax status of aircraft construction entities and manufacturers of space equipment, the application of a reduced VAT rate for all domestic air transportation, changes in the principles of state financial control of tax benefits based on an audit of the effectiveness of their use.

Weight distributions of American domestic passenger air transportation networks

The scale-free features widely concerned by previous weighted network models seemed to not be the best choice to describe the link weight distributions of passenger air transportation networks. In this paper, by introducing an exponent α to the weight evolution rule of the earliest weighted model, and considering the spatial constraints of two-dimensional distances on linking probability, we have conducted rigorous analyses leading to the exponentially truncated power-law distribution for weights: , where A and B are parameters, α 1. The theoretical expression is consistent with the empirical results of the American domestic passenger flight records from 1995 to 2020. The model would be applicable to different air transportation systems and to problems in other fields.

Domestic market share by routes, frequencies and airlines to and from the Quito International Airport

The objective of this study was to identify the market share of domestic commercial air transportation by routes, frequencies and airlines from Mariscal Sucre International Airport during the weekly period from June 20 to 24, 2022. Through descriptive quantitative research, which sought to specify characteristics, variables and relevant concepts to measure the domestic market share. Through the results obtained, it is concluded that of the four airlines that operate domestic flights in Ecuador, Latam Airlines showed dominance in this market by routes and frequencies to and from the Mariscal Sucre International Airport in Quito during the weekly period from June 20 to 24, 2022.

COVID-19: Ways and Drivers of Value Proposition Transformation of Russian Airlines

The passenger air transportation industry is one of the most affected as a result of anti-coronavirus restrictions, and its post-crisis recovery will take place in the context of changes in consumer behavior and, consequently, the configuration of the value proposition. Similar transformations of the value proposition have already been observed in the past. Therefore, an analysis of the current situation is impossible without considering the evolution of the value proposition of airlines over the past 30-40 years. We determined directions of post-COVID-19 value proposition development, based on systematic literature review. The empirical study of domestic passenger air transportation market consisted of two stages. At the first stage, we determined directions of the post-crisis airline value proposition development using case study method. At the second stage, we conducted a survey of 808 passengers on domestic routes to identify their perception of value propositions changes and its significance for airline-choosing process. Empirical results demonstrated airlines transition to expand the list of available services available for passengers. It allows them to attract new groups of passengers and increase their loyalty. From the passenger's perspective, such extension, on the one hand, differentiates carriers and, on the other hand, complicates consumer choice.

Forecasting the evolution of fast-changing transportation networks using machine learning

Transportation networks play a critical role in human mobility and the exchange of goods, but they are also the primary vehicles for the worldwide spread of infections, and account for a significant fraction of CO2 emissions. We investigate the edge removal dynamics of two mature but fast-changing transportation networks: the Brazilian domestic bus transportation network and the U.S. domestic air transportation network. We use machine learning approaches to predict edge removal on a monthly time scale and find that models trained on data for a given month predict edge removals for the same month with high accuracy. For the air transportation network, we also find that models trained for a given month are still accurate for other months even in the presence of external shocks. We take advantage of this approach to forecast the impact of a hypothetical dramatic reduction in the scale of the U.S. air transportation network as a result of policies to reduce CO2 emissions. Our forecasting approach could be helpful in building scenarios for planning future infrastructure.

Crisis communication in the #safetravelcampaign in the new normal era

The Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the problems that occur in the world of aviation. Because of the situation, the researcher sees another perspective on how the role of product-oriented social media campaigns in the form of services carried out by PT. Angkasa Pura II in changing public trust in the use and service of domestic air transportation. This study aims to determine the effect of the campaign on attitude change. So, there is a gap in the lack of quantitative research that discusses the relationship between product-oriented social media campaigns in changing people’s trust attitudes in the context of crisis and risk communication. The formulation of the problem in this study was to determine the significant relationship between message content and the structure of the #SafeTravelCampaign message on the attitude of trust using domestic air transportation in the new normal era. The approach used in this research is a quantitative descriptive correlation. The results of the study indicate that the campaign content is delivered well in terms of message content and message structure, it will improve the quality of the content which has an impact on changing the attitude of followers. The presence of campaign content have informative, educational, and entertainment value for followers of the @Angkasapura2 Instagram account. Then the presence of a campaign that worked can also be an example for other organizations or companies to increasing public trust in the use and service of services during the midst of the ongoing pandemic crisis.

Impact of COVID-19 on domestic air transportation in China

Assessing the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on air transportation is essential for policymakers and airlines to prevent their widespread shutdown. The panel data observed from January 20, 2020, to April 30, 2020, were used to identify the impact of COVID-19 and the relevant control measures adopted on China's domestic air transportation. Hybrid models within negative binomial models were employed to separate the temporal and spatial effects of COVID-19. Temporal effects show that the number of new confirmed cases and the control measures significantly affect the number of operated flights. Spatial effects show that the network effect of COVID-19 cases in destination cities, lockdown, and adjustment to Level I in the early stages have a negative impact on the operated flights. Adjustment to Level II or Level III both has positive temporal and spatial effects. This indicates that the control measures adopted during the early stage of the pandemic positively impact the restoration of the aviation industry and other industries in the later stage.

Challenges and opportunities in development sustainable transportation system in Saudi Arabia

This paper presents the recent development of transportation system in Saudi Arabia. Review of transportation system developed in the last three decades including air, land, sea and rail transportation. Problems raised from each mode of transportation were addressed and possible solution were provided. The results indicate that air transportation could provide the necessary needs of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in international connections while domestic air transportation provide limited passenger transportation for relatively long distances. This mode is limited to high income people and cannot serve short distances in effective way. Sea transportation could provide the country with freight transport but limited to passengers only in the Golf region or in the red see with some African countries. Road and highway provide the most transportation used by the public but associated with several problems such as environmental pollution, large number of road traffic accident and became the first cause of death in the Kingdom. Bus and car public transportation need essential improvement to meet the demand and save transportation for the public. Rail transportation seems to be the most sustainable transportation in future transportation in the country. Saudi Arabia late pay attention to rail transportation and recently intensive budget invested in rail transportation. Further development in rail transportation in the Kingdom is needed.

Changes in the volume of air traffic and specialization of segments of the Moscow Aviation Hub from 2014 to 2021

The object of this study is the changes in the development of the Moscow aviation hub in the second decade of the XXI century. The subject of the study is a statistical analysis of changes in the volume of air transportation of passengers, cargo and mail at the Moscow Aviation Hub from 2014 to 2021, both in general and for individual airports in comparison. The change in the share of Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo and Vnukovo in the total volume of the listed types of air transportation is analyzed. The dynamics of the ratio of domestic and international air transportation is investigated. The share of the Moscow aviation hub in the total volume of passenger traffic, cargo turnover and postal air transportation in Russia is considered. The research is based on statistical, historical-geographical, problem-analytical methods, as well as the method of system-structural analysis. This made it possible to conduct an objective, scientifically-based analysis of the processes of changing the volume of air traffic in the Moscow aviation hub. The main conclusions of the study are: air transportation of passengers at the Moscow Aviation hub decreased from 2014 to 2021, while air transportation of cargo and mail increased during this period. The share of Sheremetyevo Airport in all respects increased, the share of Domodedovo decreased, the share of Vnukovo either grew or remained unchanged. The main contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is to consider changes in the statistical parameters of the Moscow aviation hub airports in the context of socio-economic and geopolitical processes, in historical and geographical conditionality; in identifying the key factors of the current dynamics. The novelty of the study is to identify the main trends in the development of the volume and structure of air transportation of the Moscow aviation hub from 2014 to 2021 under the conditions of sanctions pressure and restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Analysis of Air Traffic Management Models

The high growth of air traffic flow has increased more bottleneck traffic issues in the air traffic management (ATM) system. The challenges between flight flow, air traffic control service and airspace are the major key parameters which support capability of domestic and international air transportation need to be looked by stakeholders. Many models are designed to incorporate to address the potential bottleneck issues of ATM. However, in these models’ analysis was not clearly presented. The proposed research review paper presents an analysis and insights of different models used in an air traffic management which includes, Big Data, Artificial Neural Network, Cloud Computing and Enterprise models.