Domain Of Inequality Research Articles

An exploration of the domains of the inequality trajectory in Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT Pervasive natural climatic shocks and poverty combine to reinforce inequalities in Zimbabwe. Despite commitments to poverty eradication and socio-economic transformation through Sustainable Development Goals and the incoming Government of Zimbabwe’s socio-economic blueprint National Development Strategy 2021–2025, robust poverty mitigation gaps still exist. The aim of the article is to explore the domains of inequality in Zimbabwe. The article is secondary literature-based and relies on various applied action research studies, journal articles, evaluations commissioned by different Zimbabwean state and non-state actors. The article concludes by identifying pathways by which more robust pro-poor interventions can achieve desired outcomes of galvanising the social functioning of the Zimbabwean vulnerable.

How consistent are perceptions of inequality?

Abstract Despite recent empirical evidence on the importance of perceived inequality, its analysis is still underexplored. In this paper we study whether unobserved perceptions of inequality are reflected in observed individual opinions in a consistent fashion. Inconsistency is relevant to ealuate the level of agreement that individuals share with respect to different domains of inequality. Using the wave from the 2009 International Social Survey Program in the US, we show that inequality is a complicated concept prone to inconsistencies and propose a testing procedure to an empirical appraisal. We find that inconsistencies exist though they may not extend to all the domains of inequality. This inconsistency also emerges by analyzing the relation between unobserved perceptions and political treatment suggesting the hypothesis that inconsistency may be associated with a set of relevant political preferences.

Progress in women's representation in top leadership weakens people's disturbance with gender inequality in other domains.

Conventional wisdom suggests that progress for women in the domain of top leadership representation will naturally spread to other domains of gender inequality, whether in organizations or beyond. Extending social-cognitive theories of exemplar-based information processing to the study of social progress perceptions for stigmatized groups, we theorized that perceiving substantial female representation in top leadership may instead reduce people's concern with ongoing gender inequality in other domains. Study 1 (N = 331) finds that perceiving greater female representation in top corporate echelons decreases people's disturbance with the gender pay gap, but not with wealth inequality generally. Study 2a (N = 350) and its replication Study 2b (N = 1,098) present correlational evidence of the proposed psychological mechanism: an overgeneralization of women's access to equal opportunities. Study 3 (N = 454) provides experimental evidence for this psychological process, tests attributions of the gender pay gap to women's personal career choices as an alternative mechanism, and introduces a control condition to determine the directionality of the effect. Study 4 (N = 326) replicates and extends the basic effect across various domains of gender inequality within and outside of the workplace. Taken together, these studies highlight the importance of acknowledging the fragmented nature of social progress across domains of inequality, and highlight the psychological underpinnings of a previously overlooked potential barrier for progress toward gender equality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Energy Poverty in Europe: A Multidimensional Approach

With the European Commission’s “Third Energy Package”, the challenges posed by energy poverty have been recently acknowledged by European legislation. The paper develops a synthetic indicator of energy poverty for the purpose of assessing households’ well-being across different domains of inequality in access to energy services and to a healthy domestic environment. These dimensions are broadly defined in terms of energy affordability and thermal efficiency, two of the main manifestations of energy poverty. The analysis focuses on Europe and expands on existing economic literature by employing a fuzzy analysis for the definition of a multidimensional energy poverty index, which is then used to investigate the role of individual and household characteristics in shaping energy poverty. We find that during the European crisis energy poverty has been more stable than monetary poverty, and that thermal efficiency plays a crucial role in shaping individual and countries’ average degrees of energy poverty. JEL codes: I32; Q41; D10; D63

Geopolitics and the Anglophone Novel, 1890–2011 by John Marx (review)

MARX, JOHN. Geopolitics and the Anglophone Novel, 1890-2011. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. viii + 246. $96.95. John Marx's Geopolitics and the Anglophone Novel positions the modern anglophone novel as a species of aligning literary criticism and literature with social scientific research in the spirit of interdisciplinary collaboration for purposes of reciprocal insight (9). Marx founds his study an important, if uncontroversial, claim: literature is best seen as a practice or manner of producing the world (11). Turning away from narrow constructions of fiction as (sub)genres or periodized artifacts or ideological constructs, Marx focuses the novel as a highly mimetic into how humans shaped and continue to shape their societies an interpersonal scale in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Marx concurs with Woolf's oft-cited declaration that on or about December 1910 a lot changed (19). For him, this singular change revolves around the novel's interrogation of classic liberalism with its apotheosis of the rational man, the self-regulating individual, hierarchical governmentality, colonial administrative order, etc., and, collaterally, its delimning of new forms of human association and organization. Where Mill's liberalism tended to legislate a between autonomous actors and communal populations, he writes, twentieth-century writing blurs this distinction (46). Geopolitics and the Anglophone Novel attends to novels that challenge established modes of govemmentality in political and economic life, with their emphasis experts and specialists, and their concomitant diminution of the role that (mere) citizens play in the (re-)structuring of social forms. In particular, this study looks at the interactions of professionals and nonprofessionals in four contexts: states, inequality, entrepreneurship, and women as economic actors. For Marx, political scientific discourse around privileges the formative remedial powers of professional intervention and the epistemologies that support it (47). On his account, fiction preoccupied with failed states contests the shibboleth that only experts qualify as crisis managers. For example, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun (2006) details the lives of ordinary people caught up not only in the horrors of Nigeria's Biafran War (1967-1970), but also productively ordering their quotidian affairs through personal relationships, writing poetry, debating political issues, etc. Such novels provide rich qualitative narratives that complement the quantitative methods of social science with its statistics, charts, and graphs, and general metrification of the human condition. They provide color, demonstrating how locals move beyond service as mere native informants for researchers and public policy analysts, and help to democratize expertise (50). For classic liberalism, inequality is a problem to be managed through formal political administration, that is, by the state and state-like actors, and not particularly by individual citizens. Marx is especially interested in novels that depict the operation of international agencies and university-sponsored research personnel within domains of inequality and their dealings with the local citizenry. NGOs and universities promote experts and professionals as agents of understanding and remediation but, as Marx demonstrates, members of the local (subject) population can themselves advance the work of such expert teams and also, more importantly, comity in their locales through their own non-expert understanding and acuity. …

Healthcare Technology: A Domain of Inequality

The prevailing perception that technological development facilitates universal empowerment and transcends the social domains of discriminations is now challenged by comprehensive studies. Technology itself is a domain of inequality and it accentuates more inequality with technology gradually favoring the privileged sections and the societies. The healthcare technology, which otherwise could have brought miracle achievements in attaining universal health standards, however, has failed to do so due to the inherent inequality in access to healthcare technology. The growing dominance of monopoly houses on healthcare technology and marginalization of indigenous health technology makes access to technology with a new domain of inequality. With comprehensive empirical data, the present paper investigates into this domain of inequality and argues that a move towards global well being demands a radical restructuring of the global domain of healthcare technology.

Social disparities across the continuum of colorectal cancer: a systematic review

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the published literature to assess social inequalities in colorectal cancer using the 'cancer disparities grid.' Three computerized databases were searched from January 1990 to January 2004 to identify published English language articles that collected data from study participants living in the United States. Abstracts were reviewed and articles that dealt with social inequality and colorectal cancer were selected. A total of 46 articles were identified and classified into the appropriate cell of the cancer disparities grid. The majority of research identified for the grid has focused primarily in one domain of inequality, race/ethnicity and racism, and within one column of the cancer continuum, cancer screening. About one-third of the articles focused on multiple aspects of social inequalities. There were few or no published research articles within many of the domains of social inequality along the continuum of colorectal cancer prevention, treatment, and outcomes. This review found only a modest amount of research has been conducted that has examined the influence of social inequalities on colorectal cancer. Findings suggest that a multidisciplinary approach is needed to measure and remedy these social inequalities.