Skeleton Of Dog Research Articles

A Wire Guide for Transosseous Osteosynthesis of the Lumbar Spine in Dogs

Introduction. The transosseous osteosynthesis method is actively used both for pathologies of limb bones and for pathologies of the axial skeleton in dogs. The insertion of the fixators through the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae requires the surgeon’s skill and precision in determining the insertion point and direction. To help novice traumatologists, a wire guide has been developed to insert the wires through the structures of the lumbar spine.Materials and Methods. The study was performed on the basis of the experimental laboratory of the Ilizarov Centre (Kurgan city). As part of the state task, lateral interbody fusion was performed at the L4–L6 level with simultaneous bilateral posterior arthrodesis of the sacroiliac joint and external controlled transosseous osteosynthesis of the lumbar spine in 12 adult mongrel dogs. The insertion of wires through the lumbar vertebrae was performed using a wire guide for osteosynthesis of the spinal column, which was assembled from parts of the Ilizarov fixator. The wire guide consists of standard parts of the Ilizarov apparatus: a beam, one radius bar and nine short bars, threaded rods, bolts, flange nuts and two frame dismountable wire clamps. Next, the fixation of wires on the external supports was carried out according to the accepted method. After osteosynthesis, clinical and neurological studies were performed.Results. After the dog was placed on the operating table, the distances from the external cues to the wire insertion points were calculated according to the radiographs. Two wires were put in the fixator at the required levels and, following the technique, a wire was inserted through the structures of the lumbar vertebra using a wire guide. No iatrogenic injuries were observed when using the wire guide. Clinically, after application of the external fixation device on the lumbar spine, on the next day after surgery and thereafter, preservation of all reflexes and functions of the pelvic limbs was observed. Clinical and neurological studies have confirmed the safe insertion of wires through the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae.Discussion and Conclusion. The use of the wire guide is recommended for a novice traumatologist, proficient in the method of transosseous osteosynthesis. The wire guide allows the doctor to orientate himself when inserting the wires through the structures of the spine, in order to avoid iatrogenic damage to the spinal cord and abdominal organs.

A dog’s life and violent death in late Medieval Nicosia, Cyprus

Opportunities for high-resolution biographic approaches on animal remains are rare. Such a fortunate opportunity was presented by a dog skeleton recovered from the moat outside Paphos Gate of the medieval walls of Nicosia, Cyprus. The dog met a violent death by means of multiple hits with a large-bladed weapon. The study of the skeleton reveals the dog’s sex, age, body size and health condition. The synthesis of the data amounts to a biography of this unfortunate dog. The skeleton was radiocarbon-dated to the late 16th-early 17th century CE and thus, the results are discussed in the context of the last months of Venetian and early years of Ottoman rule in Cyprus. As for the circumstances of the dog’s death, two main scenarios are considered. One concerns animal brutality during peacetime and the other a casualty of the tumultuous events of the late 16th century, in particular the Ottoman siege and sacking of Nicosia. The biography of the Nicosia dog is integrated into the discussion on the roles of dogs in Frankish, Venetian and Ottoman Cyprus, as well as the eastern Mediterranean.

A melting pot of Roman dogs north of the Alps with high phenotypic and genetic diversity and similar diets

Several dog skeletons were excavated at the Roman town of Augusta Raurica and at the military camp of Vindonissa, located in the northern Alpine region of Switzerland (Germania Superior). The relationships between them and the people, the nature of their lives, and the circumstances of their deaths are unclear. In order to gain insight into this dog population, we collected 31 dogs deposited almost simultaneously in two wells (second half of the third century CE), three dogs from burial contexts (70–200 CE and third to fifth century CE) at Augusta Raurica, and two dogs from burial contexts at Vindonissa (ca. first century CE). We detected a mixed population of young and adult dogs including small, medium and large sized individuals. Three small dogs had conspicuous phenotypes: abnormally short legs, and one with a brachycephalic skull. Stable isotope analysis of a subset of the dogs showed that their diets were omnivorous with a substantial input of animal proteins and little variation, except one with a particularly low δ15N value, indicating a diet low in animal proteins. Partial mitochondrial DNA sequences from 25 dogs revealed eight haplotypes within canine haplogroup A (11 dogs; 44%; 5 haplotypes), C (8 dogs; 32%; 1 haplotype), D (4 dogs, 16%; 1 haplotype) and B (2 dogs, 8%; 1 haplotype). Based on shotgun sequencing, four Roman mitogenomes were assembled, representing sub-haplogroups A1b3, A1b2 and C2. No canine pathogens were identified, weakening the assumption of infectious disease as a cause for dog disposal. The genetic and morphological diversity observed in dogs of Augusta Raurica and Vindonissa is similar to modern dog diversity.

:Hunde in der römischen Antike: Rassen/Typen - Zucht - Haltung und Verwendung

:<i>Hunde in der römischen Antike: Rassen/Typen - Zucht - Haltung und Verwendung</i>

Dogs (14–18th centuries AD) from Nadym Gorodok archaeological site (Western Siberia, Russia): Morphology and function

AbstractAn osteological collection of dogs from an aboriginal population settlement (Nadym Gorodok) in Western Siberia is described in this work. There were numerous bones (more than 1600) well preserved in the permafrost cultural layer, including almost complete skeletons of dogs of various ages. Craniological characteristics and reconstructions of the size and functions of the aboriginal dog were studied. The analysis of the finds showed that there was a large number of dogs in Nadym Gorodok in the 14–18th centuries AD. Dogs were bred on site in the settlement. During the 4 centuries, middle‐size dogs of the same build were kept in Nadym Gorodok. In size and general skull shape, the dogs were similar to the modern laika breed. The dogs were used mainly for hunting. During a hunt, dogs stalked prey and pulled sledges as a draft animal. There were no herding dogs.

The Use of Demountable Dog Skeleton Model in Osteology Education

The aim of the study is by making the osteology information given in the theoretical part of the anatomy course more understandable in the practical courses; to increase the effectiveness of osteology education. Three dog cadavers were used as animal material. The bones of the cadavers were cleaned with the maceration method. Holes were drilled on the articular surface of the bones and powerful magnets were embedded in such a way that they were facing each other. Magnets were placed between the head and mandible, C1-C6 vertebrae in the anterior and posterior limb joints. Thus, the demountable skeleton was obtained. The possible contributions of these skeletons to the learning of osteology were evaluated by considering the questionnaire, quiz, midterm exam, end-of-year exam, and course success rate made to the 1st year students (n:38) that took the Anatomy I course in Aydın Adnan Menderes University Veterinary Faculty. The students participating in the study were randomly divided into 3 groups. In practice lessons, Group 1 studied with the demountable skeleton model and bones; group 2 studied with the traditional (fixed at the joints) skeleton and bones, group 3 studied only with bones. In the quiz exam, 16 questions were asked to the groups about the bones of the forelimb; It was seen that the highest average of correct answers given to the questions belonged to group 1. According to the midterm exam results, it was seen that the highest grade point average belonged to Group 1, and similarly, the success rate of the Anatomy 1-semester exam was found to be high in Group 1. In the results of the questionnaire evaluating the effectiveness of the educational materials given in the study, it was determined that the students in all groups mostly preferred to work with the demountable skeletons. According to the results of the study, it can be said that the success and motivation of the students working with the demountable skeleton are positively affected.

Analysis of a Dog Skeleton Deposited in a Scythian Tomb-91/2016 from Sâncrai (Alba County)

The article presents the results of the analysis of a dog skeleton found over a human skeleton, in the Scythian tomb, 91/2016 in Sâncrai, Alba county. The dog was completely deposited on its right side, over the human corpse. Over time, the animal bones deteriorated, becoming crumbly, so that few complete pieces could be recovered. According to measurements, the animal is 43.5 cm tall with thin limbs. The proximal segment of the legs provided a slightly higher waist (45.4 cm) than the distal one, (39.8 c). The animal is slightly smaller compared to those from the Scythian world, with sizes over 50 cm. During the re-inhumation process, the human bones were mixed with those of the meat offering which was laid into the pit during the initial funerals. The meat offering consisted of a part from the left limb of a cattle, slaughtered towards 2 years.

Anatomical and topographic features of the chest skeleton in domestic dogs of dolichosomatic and brachysomatic type

Anatomical and topographic features of the chest skeleton in domestic dogs of dolichosomatic and brachysomatic type

Volcanic ash, victims, and tsunami debris from the Late Bronze Age Thera eruption discovered at Çeşme-Bağlararası (Turkey)

The Late Bronze Age Thera eruption was one of the largest natural disasters witnessed in human history. Its impact, consequences, and timing have dominated the discourse of ancient Mediterranean studies for nearly a century. Despite the eruption's high intensity (Volcanic Explosivity Index 7; Dense Rock Equivalent of 78 to 86 km) [T. H. Druitt, F. W. McCoy, G. E. Vougioukalakis, Elements 15, 185-190 (2019)] and tsunami-generating capabilities [K. Minoura etal., Geology 28, 59-62 (2000)], few tsunami deposits are reported. In contrast, descriptions of pumice, ash, and tephra deposits are widely published. This mismatch may be an artifact of interpretive capabilities, given how rapidly tsunami sedimentology has advanced in recent years. A well-preserved volcanic ash layer and chaotic destruction horizon were identified in stratified deposits at Çeşme-Bağlararası, a western Anatolian/Aegean coastal archaeological site. To interpret these deposits, archaeological and sedimentological analysis (X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy instrumental neutron activation analysis, granulometry, micropaleontology, and radiocarbon dating) were performed. According to the results, the archaeological site was hit by a series of strong tsunamis that caused damage and erosion, leaving behind a thick layer of debris, distinguishable by its physical, biological, and chemical signature. An articulated human and dog skeleton discovered within the tsunami debris are in situ victims related to the Late Bronze Age Thera eruption event. Calibrated radiocarbon ages from well-constrained, short-lived organics from within the tsunami deposit constrain the event to no earlier than 1612 BCE. The deposit provides a time capsule that demonstrates the nature, enormity, and expansive geographic extent of this catastrophic event.

THE GATE OF THE MEDIEVAL SITE OF KOSKUDUK

The article considers the topographic location, chronology, economy and excavations of the medieval site of Koskuduk, located in the Shui Valley. Although the first information about this site entered scientific circulation in the late 1980-th, accurate and scale excavations were not carried out. The Shui archaeological detachment (head Y.Sh. Akymbek) of the Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Margulan in 2018 in the eastern corner of the medieval site of Koskuduk was organized the test pit, shurf and in 2019 on the site of the North-Eastern gate excavates and receives valuable information about the periodization, fortification, the economy of medieval city. The authors of the article draw the special attention to the etymology of the names of the gates in general, medieval gate structures in the Shui Valley, based on researched of other city gates. The radiocarbon analysis of charcoal from pit was carried out in 2018, and it was established that the site dates back to the XI-XII centuries (1043-1104 (41.1%) calAD; 1117-1211(54.3%) calAD). The ceramics complex, discovered at the gate site, is dominated by tableware. The X-ray diffractometric analysis of one instance of kitchen and dining utensils was carried out in order to determine which minerals are contained in the clay of the detected ceramic products. As the result, although the minerals and other impurities in the clay composition of the dishes are generally the same, there are significant differences in percentages. There are number of whole buried skeletons of dogs and partially entire preserved skeletons of horses were found at the gate zone. In addition, archaeozoological analysis of other osteological materials identified in the excavations was carried out, as well as comparative studies of the external forms of pets (cattle and dogs).

The Iron Age Dogs from Alaybeyi Höyük, Eastern Anatolia.

Simple SummaryZooarchaeological studies on canine skeletal remains are rare. Faunal assemblages from the Near East, including Anatolia, give us a valuable source of information about the role of dogs in the Iron Age society. In the 2016 and 2017 excavations at Alaybeyi Höyük (Eastern Anatolia), over 300 dog bones were unearthed from Iron Age buildings and workshop complex. This study examined 143 specimens that were accessible for morphometric analysis. The zooarchaeological analysis proved that the majority of them came from nine individuals. The dentition and epiphyseal bone fusion further allowed their age estimation (8 adults and 1 juvenile). Two individuals were identified as males and one as female, but the sex of the other individuals was indeterminate. The height at withers estimations and their comparison with other archaeological dogs in Eastern Anatolia as well as modern dog breeds showed that Alaybeyi dogs were significantly larger and heavier. It is also worth highlighting the presence of butchering marks resulting from the consumption of dog meat. Yet, it appeared that cynophagia had only occurred occasionally at Alaybeyi Höyük.To date, little is known about the biological and cultural status of Iron Age dogs in Anatolia. Here, we present a zooarchaeological study of an assemblage of 143 Iron Age dog bones, including two dog skeletons, unearthed from the 2016 and 2017 salvage excavations at Alaybeyi Höyük, Eastern Anatolia. At least eight adults and one juvenile individual, along with a large number of miscellaneous specimens, were identified. The morphological status of the Alaybeyi dogs were primarily compared to previously published Iron Age dogs from Yoncatepe in Eastern Anatolia, and with the average mean of 18 modern dog breeds. Unlike in other Eastern Anatolian Iron Age sites, butcher marks were observed in some specimens, indicating at least occasional cynophagy at the site. Noticeable pathologies were found in about 5% of the sample, particularly pathologies of the oral cavity and dentitions, suggesting that some of the dogs at Alaybeyi Höyük might have been undernourished, had to live on solid food, and probably injured by humans. The results of this study reflect both the morphological and biological status of Alaybeyi dogs, as well as the Alaybeyi people’s attitudes toward dogs, adding vital information to the very limited archaeological knowledge of dogs in Anatolia.

Domestic dog skeletons at Valsgärde cemetery, Uppland, Sweden: Quantification and morphological reconstruction

Thirty inhumations have been excavated at the cemetery of Valsgärde in central Sweden, of which twenty-one have been dated to the Vendel Period and Viking Age (c. 550–1100 CE). Of these graves, twelve contain the positively-identifiable remains of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). This study aimed to quantify and describe these dogs in terms of withers height and morphological type (morphotype). A minimum of twenty dogs was identified. The majority of dogs were determined to be of medium-large size, with a variety of types represented. The Viking Age graves contain fewer dogs on average than those of the Vendel Period, symptomatic of a general scaling-down of funerary assemblages at the site during this time. Despite this reduction in numbers, their persistence throughout this transition indicates the species held a significant position in the funerary traditions of the region, and certain individuals also appear to have held great personal value for their masters.

Polyostotic osteosarcoma associated with avian leukosis virus infection in a captive bare\u2010faced curassow (Crax fasciolata)

BackgroundOsteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal bone tumor. Although it is a common tumor in the appendicular skeleton of dogs and cats, it is rarely reported in birds. Retroviruses are usually associated with solid tumor development in different avian species.Case presentation:This report aims to describe a case of osteosarcoma associated with the avian leukosis virus in a captive bare-faced curassow (Crax fasciolata). A captive adult female bare-faced curassow presented with lameness, hyporexia, and a non-ulcerative and firm tumor in the right femur. The bird was euthanized due to the poor prognosis. Histopathology revealed an infiltrative mesenchymal neoplasm consisting of spindle cells with moderate cell pleomorphism, organized in bundles and interspersed by marked deposition of the osteoid matrix, which was compatible with osteosarcoma affecting both femur and tibiotarsus, with renal metastasis. Immunohistochemistry of the primary and metastatic tumor demonstrated vimentin expression by neoplastic cells. Samples of the neoplasm, bone marrow, and spleen were processed for PCR, which enabled the demonstration of proviral avian leukosis virus (ALV) DNA.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an osteosarcoma in a bare-faced curassow with an unusual polyostotic manifestation and associated with ALV infection.

Remains of mammals from the Antique settlement of Golubitskaya 2

The article presents the results of the study of osteological material from the Antique settlement of Golubitskaya 2 (Krasnodar Territory, Taman Peninsula, Russia) from the excavations of 2007–2019. Archaeological investigations of the settlement have been directed by PhD D.V. Zhuravlev (State Historical Museum, Moscow). In total, 5996 mammalian bones were identified from cultural layers of the 6th–3rd centuries BC cultural layers. The osteological material that has been accumulating at the Antique settlement for almost three centuries is relatively well preserved. We present here a series of new facts, elaborating our ideas about the economic life, customs and traditions of the local Antique population. Wild game animals are represented by adult individuals of brown hare, wolf, fox, brown bear, wild boar and red deer. These animals still live in Ciscaucasia. Hunting here acted only as an additional source of food and was conducted in the immediate vicinity of the site. As a result of the analysis, it was shown that the inhabitants of Golubitskaya 2 led a settled agricultural lifestyle — herds were most likely grazed in the immediate vicinity. Excavations revealed forty-two full or partial skeletons of dogs, the study of which showed the presence of numerous healed injuries in individual animals. Possible ritual burials of dogs in the settlement were also recorded. Our analyses indicate that the bones of large mammals were often used here as a raw material in the manufacture of artefacts. We also compare here our results with the data of colleagues working at other settlements of Eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula.

"Forever young"-Postnatal growth inhibition of the turbinal skeleton in brachycephalic dog breeds (Canis lupus familiaris).

In short snouted (brachycephalic) dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), several genetic mutations cause postnatal growth inhibition of the viscerocranium. Thus, for example, the pug keeps a snub nose like that observed in neonate dogs in general. However, little is known how far intranasal structures like the turbinal skeleton are also affected. In the present study, we provide the first detailed morphological and morphometric analyses on the turbinal skeleton of pug, Japanese chin, pekingese, King Charles spaniel, and Cavalier. In order to elucidate how a shortened snout affects turbinal shape, size, and density, our sample covers different degrees of brachycephaly. Macerated skulls of 1 juvenile and 17 adult individuals were investigated by μCT and virtual 3D reconstructions. In addition, histological serial sections of two prenatal and one neonate whippet were taken into account. All investigated postnatal stages show three frontoturbinals and three ethmoturbinals similar to longer snouted breeds, whereas the number of interturbinals is reduced. The shape of the entire turbinal skeleton simplifies with decreasing snout length, that is, within a minimized nasal cavity the turbinals decrease proportionally in surface area and surface density due to a looser arrangement. We interpret these apparent reductions as a result of spatial constraint which affects postnatal appositional bone growth and the position of the turbinals inside the nasal cavity. The turbinal skeleton of brachycephalic dogs arrests at an early ontogenetic stage, corresponding with previous studies on the dermal bones. Hence, we assume an association between the growth of intranasal structures and facial elongation.

Fibroblastic Subtype has a Favourable Prognosis in Appendicular Osteosarcoma of Dogs

Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant bone neoplasm that occurs mostly in the appendicular skeleton of dogs and people. OS is classified based on the presence of malignant stroma and the formation of extracellular matrix into osteoblastic, chondroblastic and fibroblastic forms. This study investigated the correlation between the three histological subtypes of canine OS and clinical outcome. Additionally, we examined whether there was any difference in the immunolabelling of desmin, S100 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) between the three histological subtypes. Formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded tissues from 87 dogs with primary OS were available for this study. The survival times were correlated with appendicular OS subtypes in dogs that were treated surgically, received adjuvant chemotherapy and had no pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Dogs with an appendicular fibroblastic OS had significantly prolonged mean average survival times (546±105 days) in comparison with dogs having appendicular osteoblastic (257±48 days) or appendicular chondroblastic (170±28 days) OS (P=0.003, Log Rank). The results also revealed that the appendicular chondroblastic subtype is a significant indicator for poor prognosis in dogs compared with the fibroblastic or osteoblastic subtypes (P=0.006, Cox regression). Moreover, the findings indicated that there was no significant correlation between the localization of desmin, NSE or S100 and histological subtypes. Importantly, dogs with appendicular fibroblastic OS were found to have a better prognosis when compared with dogs with other subtypes. This may suggest that histological subtypes of appendicular OS have diverse behaviour and could be used to categorize patients for risk-based assessment.

Palaeoproteomic identification of breast milk protein residues from the archaeological skeletal remains of a neonatal dog

Accurate postmortem estimation of breastfeeding status for archaeological or forensic neonatal remains is difficult. Confident identification of milk-specific proteins associated with these remains would provide direct evidence of breast milk consumption. We used liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS) to confidently identify beta-lactoglobulin-1 (LGB1) and whey acidic protein (WAP), major whey proteins associated with a neonatal dog (Canis lupus familiaris) skeleton (430–960 cal AD), from an archaeological site in Hokkaido, Japan. The age at death of the individual was estimated to be approximately two weeks after birth. Protein residues extracted from rib and vertebra fragments were analyzed and identified by matching tandem MS spectra against the dog reference proteome. A total of 200 dog protein groups were detected and at least one peptide from canine LGB1 and two peptides from canine WAP were confidently identified. These milk proteins most probably originated from the mother’s breast milk, ingested by the neonate just before it died. We suggest the milk diffused outside the digestive apparatus during decomposition, and, by being absorbed into the bones, it partially preserved. The result of this study suggests that proteomic analysis can be used for postmortem reconstruction of the breastfeeding status at the time of death of neonatal mammalian, by analyzing their skeletal archaeological remains. This method is also applicable to forensic and wildlife studies.

Supercutaneous Plating for the Treatment of Traumatic Injuries of the Appendicular Skeleton in Dogs.

The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcomes of traumatic appendicular bone injuries treated with supercutaneous plating. We conducted a retrospective case series of medical records following fracture fixation using locking implants with a supercutaneous plating technique. Inclusion criteria comprised a complete clinical and radiographical follow-up until implant removal. Patient history and signalment as well as fracture configuration were recorded. Five appendicular long bone fractures (3 radii, 2 tibiae) were included in the study and they were all treated using conical coupling locking plates. The patient mean age was 2.3 years (range: 0.3-5.8 years) and the mean body weight 16.5 kg (range: 3-27 kg).One major (implant failure) and minor complications (delayed bone union and iatrogenic recurvatum deformity) were detected. The removal of the plates was quick and did not require general anaesthesia. All five fractures treated healed and patients were sound at final follow-up. Neither discomfort nor pain were noticed during the postoperative patient management. The advantages related to the minimally invasive approach and implant removal could make the supercutaneous plating (SCP) an alternative to the traditional external skeletal fixation.Further clinical investigations are required before definitive treatment recommendations using this technique can be made. In consideration of some of the complications detected, the use of fluoroscopy is recommended to support the surgeon at the beginning of their SCP learning curve.

An evaluation of classical morphologic and morphometric parameters reported to distinguish wolves and dogs

Morphological and morphometric bone variation between archaeological wolves and the oldest domestic dogs commonly are used to define species differences. However, reference data often have been based on small numbers, without robust statistical support. We consulted the literature on these matters in all possible languages and tested many of the proposed species differences by examining wolf and dog skeletons from several collections, accompanied by an extensive synthesis of existing literature. We thus created large reference groups, assessing data distributions and variability. We examined mandible height, width, length, and convexity; contact points of the skull on a horizontal plane; caudal shifting of the border of the hard palate; skull size; carnassials tooth size reduction; micro-anatomical differences in teeth, snout, and skull height; and snout length and width.Our results show that skull length and related size; skull height; snout width; orbital angle; P4 and M1 mesio-distal diameter can help (albeit to a limited extent) to distinguish the oldest archaeological dogs from wolves. Based on our observations, we re-evaluated recent large Pleistocene canids reported as Paleolithic dogs and concluded instead that they fit well within the morphomentric distributions seen with Pleistocene wolves.The research presented here reflects the recent trend to critically re-evaluate axiomatic assumptions about wolf-dog differences, and to rephrase the morphological and morphometric definition of an early archaeological dog in a more suitable manner.These results are important to the international archaeological community because they place historical reports in a newer context, and create a robust (although narrow) framework for further evaluation of archaeological dogs and wolves.

Can we identify the Mexican hairless dog in the archaeological record? Morphological and genetic insights from Tizayuca, Basin of Mexico

The Mexican Hairless dog, or Xoloitzcuintle, is a breed characterised by a sparse hair coat and a severe oligodontia. This phenotype is a consequence of Canine Ectodermal Dysplasia (CED) caused by a mutation on the FoxI3 autosomal gene. First accounts of hairless dogs in Mexico are dated to the 16th century CE, according to the historical record, but pre-Hispanic dog skeletons presenting missing and abnormally shaped teeth have been interpreted as earlier evidence of hairless dogs. However, several questions remain unanswered regarding the timing of apparition of this phenotype and its relationship with modern hairless breeds. In this paper, we review the morphological characteristics of potential hairless dogs and we apply ancient mitochondrial DNA analyses along with radiocarbon dating to eight archaeological dog mandibles from Tizayuca, Basin of Mexico, presenting anomalies that could be attributed to a CED. The archaeological dogs were dated between 1620 and 370 years BP. Among these eight individuals, we identify four different mitochondrial haplotypes including two novel haplotypes. The dogs from the Basin of Mexico display a very high genetic diversity and continuity from the Classic to the Postclassic. However, our attempt at amplifying the FoxI3 mutation was unsuccessful. Finally, we show that some haplotypes are present in both archaeological dogs and modern hairless breeds, perhaps reflecting their maternal ancestry.