Dogfighting Research Articles

The Role of The Media in Revealing Social Problems - Murder Crime as An Example

Basically, There Are Two Types Of Murder, Deliberate Murder And Accidental Murder (Act Of God). This Study Is Devoted To Deliberate Murder, Such As (Murder For Money, Honor Killing Based On Honor Pretext, Murder By Torture, Murder As A Result Of Sexual Assault, Murder Of Children, Murder Due To Violence And Beating. However, As It Has Been Showcased in This Study, In Kurdistan Region Unlike Any Other Place, There Are Many Other Types of Murders on Various Reasons Such as Car Light Signaling, Pigeons, Children's Fights, Household Water Wells, Car Parking, Dog Fights, Roosters’ Fights, Gender Transition, Electricity Circuits, Chocolate, Land Properties, Religious Conversion, Leading in Folk Dance).
 According To the World's Renowned Website (Our World in Data), In 2019 Alone, More Than (415,000) Thousand People Died in Deliberate Murder, Which Is Almost Three Times Higher Than the Number of Those Who Were Killed In Armed Clashes, Wars Terrorism And Conflicts On Countries’ Level. In Kurdistan Region, Although The Number Of Deliberate Killings Has Decreased In The Past Five Years, Yet Compared To Most Countries In The World, The Rate Is Still Alarming. In The Study’s Findings It Is Highlighted That Non-Compliance Of Media To Applicable Laws And Regulations, Lack Of Monitoring Of The Media In General In Presenting News On Murder, Showing Crime Related Programs And Movies And Lack Of Family Vigilance On The Use Of Electronic Games And Social Networks As Well As Lack Of Professional Journalists And Capable Staff, The Social Problem Of Murder Is More Evident And Has Affected The Mental State And Social Security Of Individuals And Families In Society.

Controversial Topics in Animal Welfare in Latin America: A Focus on the Legislation Surrounding the Human-Companion Animal Relationship and Animals Used for Recreational Practices.

Animal welfare is a societally relevant issue that is globally attracting increased attention. This is in addition to the importance placed on welfare for the animals themselves. However, the content and application of laws protecting animals' welfare vary across countries. In Latin America, there are a range of common practices or activities involving certain animal species, many of which are legal, that can impair an animal's quality of life. These include the performance of aesthetic surgical procedures; bull-, cock-, and dog fighting; and the existence of circuses that exhibit animals. The extent and impact of these practices being dependent on the socioeconomic, cultural, territorial, and regulatory landscape of each country. Particularly, Ibero-American regions face welfare challenges that might be influenced by traditions and relevant legal gaps. The objective of this article is to review controversial practices carried out in companion and entertainment animals in Latin America, with a focus on legal aspects, as well as the current efforts being made to address and incorporate global welfare standards into domestic and wild animal practice and regulation.

Crimes against non‐human animals: Examining dog fighting in the UK and the USA through a green criminology perspective

AbstractThis article reviews the social scientific literature published between the late 1990s and 2021 on the illegal ‘sport’ of dog fighting in the UK and USA. Adopting a green criminological perspective, it argues that studying dog fighting is important for understanding the ways in which this form of animal cruelty contributes to a range of social and animal harms. The review is structured in five sections. The first situates the review theoretically by introducing key ideas within green criminology that will inform the discussion. The next section presents a typology of the different levels of dog fighting in both countries. The third section then explores both the motivations of contemporary dog fighters, as well as the justifications they deploy to defend their ‘sport’ to outsiders. The fourth section then adopts a green criminological perspective to explore the various social and animal harms associated with dog fighting. The final section then brings the threads of the discussion together and highlights some directions for future research.

The Earthspinner by Anuradha Roy

Reviewed by: The Earthspinner by Anuradha Roy Yagnishsing Dawoor Anuradha Roy The Earthspinner New York. HarperVia. 2022. 224 pages. SOME NOVELS SHOUT their politics; others whisper them. Anuradha Roy's compelling fifth novel, The Earthspinner, belongs to the second clan. It is the story of Elango, a Hindu potter who falls in love with Zohra, a Muslim woman, in 1980s Kummarapet, India, and is punished for it. The violence-filled climax unfolds over a mere smear of pages. A terracotta horse inscribed with Urdu calligraphy is shattered by an angry mob. The reason: the "Hindu" horse is deemed defaced through Urdu, "the language of mullahs [Islamic leaders]." Its creator, Elango, is attacked and made to go into exile. The episode stays with Sara, Elango's apprentice, whom we meet as a student of literature in England at the start of the book. It also forever changes Chinna, Elango's foundling dog whose house-to-house visits around the neighborhood were like kintsugi scars holding the place together: "For several days after Elango vanished, Chinna wandered like a demented dog, not coming home even to eat, then turning up bloodied from dog fights, muddy and defeated, to collapse in a corner." For all the sadness at its heart, The Earthspinner is often a novel brimming with joy and tenderness. Much of it owes to Chinna and his relationship with Elango after he becomes separated from his owners. A video from Roy's Instagram page shows two of her dogs playing in the sun. "Call us what you will, we are made such by love," the caption reads. If the young Chinna could speak, he'd borrow these words to describe Elango's deep affection for him. The bond between them is instant and indelible. It gives the book some of its most moving passages. In order to protect Chinna from a truculent, dog-hating "old witch," Elango ties him up before leaving for work. His heart, though, "contracted to see an animal bursting with innocent energy imprisoned all day." The dog more than Zohra or the terracotta horse he comes to obsess over "unlocked something in him that unnerved him with its power." Through the attention Roy lavishes in fleshing out Chinna, she makes glaring the anthropocentric impulse in literature to privilege humans over animals. In her book, Chinna is as much a character as Elango, Sara, and Zohra are. Roy, in fact, devotes the last chapter to him. Chinna goes out on his daily stroll. He is briefly united with his past owner, a woman who never stops looking for him. Once he is home again, he takes "a deep sweet nap during which he would dream of the bushy-haired man who had long ago picked him up in a forest, bathed him in a pond, held him close, and fed him morsels from his own mouth." The Earthspinner is also about the art of pottery. The reckless, assiduous pursuit of it; the private consolations of it; the transmission of it and the wondrousness of it. It is a miracle to Elango that "fired clay did not melt back to earth again—it could be broken or weather-beaten but it had a life force that was inextinguishable." The blasphemous horse he builds is indeed never quite completely destroyed. It endures both physically and spiritually. Sara and her father repurpose some of its pieces: "two of the legs were planted by the guava tree and the tail served as an arch above the birdbath. Tia [Sara's sister] used one of the hooves as a doorstop." Parts of it travel to England where, like talismans, they help Sara face her circumstances. While making it, Elango cannot foresee his horse serving a utilitarian purpose. In a place of rampant religious intolerance like India, his horse is dangerous. Elango may even have suspected that it would land him in trouble, "inextricable [as it was] in his mind from Zohra." And yet he brings the horse to fruition, working on it day after day, with the help of Sara, and Zohra's grandfather, the blind calligrapher who embellishes the horse with Urdu. Art persists—whole or as fragments, Roy's novel tells...

The role of the veterinarian in combating dog fighting

Dog Fighting occurs when two or more dogs are intentionally brought together for the purpose of Fighting, for recreative and lucrative purposes. It can be defined as a non-accidental attack between dogs. It is a criminal and illegal practice, which still takes place clandestinely in many countries. Cruelty and violence against animals are closely related to interpersonal violence. Currently, the association between these two types of violence is known as the Link Theory. The present work was designed to analyze the scientific literature about fighting dogs, highlighting the difficulties in acting and the role of the veterinarian in combating this illegal practice. The methodology adopted was an integrative search in bibliographic databases such as Scielo and Pubmed. Recognition of the link by trained professionals from different areas, including veterinary medicine, is essential for breaking the cycle of violence in which both human and animal victims are involved.

Babesia gibsoni

Babesia gibsoni is an intraerythrocytic apicomplexan parasite that causes babesiosis in dogs. Since its first report in India in 1910, B. gibsoni has spread globally. It is transmitted mainly by tick bite but many reports have demonstrated transmission by dog fighting, and blood transfusion, and a few reports have mentioned transplacental transmission to the developing fetus. The parasite life cycle consists of a sexual developmental phase in the midgut lumen of tick vectors (gamogony) and two asexual developmental phases occurring in the tick salivary glands (sporogony) and host red blood cells (merogony).

Full‐thickness defect reconstruction of the pinna using a distant direct skin flap technique in three dogs

AbstractThree dogs were referred for further investigation and pinna reconstruction. Two dogs presented with pinna defects secondary to dog fights and one dog with a pinna mass. Cytologic examination of the pinna mass was consistent with a cutaneous benign histiocytoma, thus surgical excision was performed leaving a full‐thickness pinna defect. In all three dogs, full‐thickness pinna defects were reconstructed using a two‐stage pedicle flap that originated from the skin of either the neck region or the dorsum of the head. Time interval between the two stages of the surgical procedure was 2 weeks. Postoperative complications included dehiscence, poor ear carriage and failure of complete coverage of the defect. At a median follow‐up of 7 months, cosmetic results were fair to good.

Pedagogic Pound: "What is it the professors don't know?"

Pedagogic Pound:"What is it the professors don't know?"1 Robert Spoo (bio) SUPER SCHOOLMASTER: EZRA POUND AS TEACHER, THEN AND NOW, by Robert Scholes and David Ben-Merre. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2021. xxi + 199 pp. $95.00 cloth, $32.95 paper. Ezra Pound was a nonconformist in the college classroom, both as a teacher and as a student. He was an unpredictable, feet-onthe-table lecturer during his brief stint in 1907-1908 as Professor of Romance Languages at Wabash College in Crawfordsville, Indiana.2 He excused students from examinations if he thought them either too intelligent or too hopeless to benefit from testing.3 Yet he had presumably impressed the college's President, who had hired him after a half-hour interview despite his bohemian neglect of "a coat. a collar. a neck-tie. also my shoes were not shined."4 Pound's most memorable interactions with Wabash students were extramural, and these were remembered chiefly because they defied the conventions. By 1907, the college had declared itself nonsectarian, but its Presbyterian origins still magnetized the moral compass of the place. Observance of the proprieties was enforced by a town-and-gown vigilance so keen that a professor's rooming-house habits could quickly become the talk of what Pound sneeringly called the "facultate."5 He ostentatiously smoked in his rooms despite a state law that banned the sale and possession of cigarettes,6 and he spiced his pedagogical pronouncements with high-tempered cursing. Certain scandalized students made a beeline for the President's office "to complain," Pound said, "erbout me orful langwidge and the number of cigarillos I consume."7 He decided that having to correct stacks of French and Spanish papers four times a week was "perfectly ridiculous," and he back-burnered this drudgery in favor of "jamming out mss" of his own verses (Poet 57). He was on track to publish and perish. Then as today, colleges found it hard to dismiss an eccentric personality unless there was some really flagrant breach of the rules. Pound was ready to oblige. He had scarcely settled into teaching duties when he wanted to "abandong me 'igh callin' and skidoo to paats more plush lined than Hoosier" (Parents, 2 October 1907, 93). [End Page 335] He changed lodgings four times during his six-months at Wabash, restlessly trying to achieve, and escape, respectability in the closely surveilled town. At one point when he was living in a rooming house favored by traveling actors, "two stewdents" walked in on him as he was "sharing my meagre repast with the lady-gent impersonator in me privut apartments" (Poet 59). The scandal of this probably innocent scene had hardly died down when Pound rescued a burlesque entertainer from the bitter Indiana winter and allowed the young woman to sleep in his bed as he lay on the floor, wrapped in his topcoat. The President of Wabash called for his resignation, and he gave it. But the facts were shaky, and the President offered to recall Pound, perhaps fearing that the young instructor was being unfairly maligned. Newspapers in South Bend and Logansport had already caught the scent and printed allusions to Pound's "alleged gay habits."8 But he declined the invitation to return to the fetters of the facultate, deciding instead to "go to ze sunny Italia" (Parents, 17 February 1908, 103). He launched upon his expatriate career in March 1908, sailing for Gibraltar aboard the Cunard Royal Mail Steamship "Slavonia." Of the Crawfordsville scandal, he airily told his father that he had had "more fun out of the fracasso than there is in a dog fight & hope I have taught 'em how to run a college" (Parents, 17 February 1908, 103). This "showman and charlatan," as one of his Wabash colleagues remembered him, would never again occupy a formal teaching post.9 Yet he would never stop teaching. Pound liked to have learners gathered at his feet, literally, but such audiences were only possible outside the formal classroom. A Wabash alumnus recalled the student soirées that he hosted in his lodgings, "seated . . . on a chair, while his disciples and satellites disposed themselves gracefully...

Criminological Aspects of Sport Policy

Sport policy is a purposeful activity of various subjects connected with organizing and holding sports competitions. Such activity may be state-organized, administrative, financial, commercial, engineering and construction-related, military, security, professional, corporate, training, entertainment, relatively mass-scale, agent, referee, qualifying, and others. It should be taken into account that, besides officially recognized sports, there are also illegal competitions. Criminological aspects, connected with the possibility of crime, can be found everywhere. All of these leads to the necessity of establishing and developing sport criminology as a component of sport policy. Criminological aspects of sport policy are especially evident in the market conditions. Their analysis is necessary for the optimization of preventive work in the most important areas. The authors single out three such areas: criminal law prevention of crime in sports, enforcement of prevention policy for criminal and criminogenic sports, and counteracting sport extremism. The effectiveness of work in the first area is close to zero because special «sport» criminal law norms are not and will not be enforced. The analysis of the second area leads the authors to the conclusion that it is necessary to intensify the counteraction to criminal sports, primarily, dog fighting and street racing. As for the criminogenic sports, they can be conditionally broken into two categories: those promoting violence and cruelty, and those equipping athletes with the skills interesting for the criminal community (organized criminal groups). The first category includes MMA-type female fights. This disgusting spectacle, broadcast on TV, is absolutely contrary both to the female nature and to the traditional values of peoples of Russia. Such fights should be prohibited in the Russian Federation. The third area requires monitoring to prevent fans’ movements from turning into extremist organizations. The promotion of patriotic feelings among fans should be recognized as a strategic direction in the prevention of sport extremism.

The role of social media in promoting organised dog fighting

Background: Organised dog fighting is a criminal activity in most developed countries. However, despite this, its occurrence continues. As with many underground activities, social media is likely to play a critical role in promoting organised dog fighting. Aim: The study aim was to review video content on three social media platforms to look for evidence of organised dog fighting. Methods: A content review of three social media platforms (YouTube, Facebook, Instagram) was conducted. Videos suggestive of organised dog fighting were categorised as: i) fights involving physical contact; ii) intimidation; iii) promotion of dog fights and iv) hypothetical ‘match-ups’. Information collected included video information (title, author, date posted, URL), content description (video description, breed description) and popularity of the video (number of likes, views and comments). Results: Fifty-eight incidents were identified (YouTube: n=27, Instagram: n=18, Facebook: n=13). On YouTube, 17 videos (63.0%) were fights involving physical contact, five (18.5%) were hypothetical ‘match-ups’, four (14.8%) were a promotion of dog fights, and one (3.7%) was a video of images of an organised dog fight. On Facebook and Instagram, all videos were fights involving physical contact. Where breed information was available, the dogs were largely described as pit bulls (YouTube: 51.9%; Instagram: 66.7%). These videos varied in their numbers of views (mean: YouTube: 682 856.0, Instagram: 773.6), comments (mean: YouTube: 319.5, Facebook: 10.3; Instagram: 0.6) and likes (mean: YouTube: 4868.4, Facebook: 434.8). Conclusion: More vigilance by social media platforms and their users to monitor, remove and report such footage is essential, especially where videos breach animal welfare rules and regulations. Further research into other online platforms or different formats through which dog fighting and/or promotion may occur, and the education of social media users to recognise signs that videos may be promoting organised dog fighting, would be of value.

Illegal dogfighting: sport or crime?

In recent years there is increasing public attention for dog fighting in Europe. This article focuses on this phenomenon in the Netherlands: its organisation, various actors, modus operandi and possible involvement of organized crime. This qualitative research is based on semi-structured interviews, analysis of police files, observations and online methods. As the result of criminalisation, dogfighting in the Netherlands went underground, creating an illegal market and a sub-culture of dogmen and dogwomen involved. Reputation, status and trust are among the most prominent features of this sub-culture, which is manifested in their analysed communications.

Особенности организации и размещения игорных зон в различных странах мира

The features of the organization and spatial placement of gambling zones in various countries of the world are considered. It is noted that this process (prohibition, restriction or widespread permission) is primarily influenced by the cultural characteristics of the population, which translates into the attitude of the authorities and administration in certain states towards the gambling business. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the states on this issue are divided according to civilization. In countries where Islam is the dominant religion, gambling is, as a rule, prohibited (although betting on races and dog fights is allowed). In countries belonging to the orbit of the Anglo-Saxon world (the vast majority of countries in America, Africa, Europe, Australia and Oceania), gambling is allowed everywhere, with some restrictions. In the monarchies of the East, gambling is allowed for foreigners, but the local population is prohibited from playing. In Russia, non-Islamic Asia (Orthodoxy, world oriental religions), measures have been taken to restrict the gambling business - it is allowed only in specially designated areas - gambling zones. This suggests a conclusion about the need for a compromise between society, government bodies and business when organizing these zones in the Russian Federation. At the same, it is worth taking into account and adapting foreign experience to Russian conditions.

Description and Determinants of At-Risk Interactions for Human Health Between Children and Dogs in an Inuit Village

ABSTRACT While dogs can have a positive impact on physical and mental health, they also represent a public health risk in terms of bites and zoonotic diseases. In the specific context of Inuit villages, the role, care, and value of dogs are culturally different than in southern Canada. Furthermore, rabies is endemic to the region. Dogs are frequently kept outside, and the risk of bites and deadly attacks is higher than in southern Canada, particularly in children. Thus, reducing at-risk interactions between children and dogs through prevention programs requires a strong understanding of the unique dog–child relationship in this particular setting. This study used quantitative and qualitative research methods to examine the characteristics of interactions that put children at risk in Kuujjuaq, an Inuit village in Quebec, Canada. Data were collected using 40 observational walks, 34 semi-structured interviews, and 31 conversational interviews. Seven types of at-risk child–dog interactions were identified: showing affection to the dog, ignoring the dog, playing with the dog, running away from the dog, intervening during a dog fight, attacking the dog, and untying the dog. According to interviewees, the last four types of interaction put children’s health directly at risk. All interactions were directly observed, though rarely, except for the untying of dogs. The interview analysis identified several determinants for these at-risk interactions at the child, family, socio-situational, and macro levels. As some of these determinants are modifiable, these findings advocate for a multifaceted educational intervention that targets children, parents, dog owners, and the whole community, while respecting the particular context of Kuujjuaq. This study offers specific insights that could guide the development of a socio-culturally sensitive education program aimed at improving the relationship between children and dogs in Inuit villages and thereby reducing the incidence of dog bites.

Dog kanaryjski: analiza wzrostu i rozwoju oraz ocena predyspozycji psychicznych szczeniąt

The Perro de Presa Canario is still an unexplored and underrated breed of dogs. The breed had been used in dog fighting and to protect human dwellings for ages. An analysis of biometric traits conducted between the birth and the age of 6 months has shown a harmonious and rapid puppy growth. Zoometric measurements and conformation indices in both dogs and bitches were found to be comparable. At age one week the reported body weight of the bitches was 498 g, and the dogs were heavier by 57 g. At six months of age, the bitches weighed approximately 16.35 kg, whereas the dogs were on average 2.15 kg heavier. Gender has been found to affect weight gains (P ≤ 0.01) and the development of pectoral girdle (P ≤ 0.05). The PAT and the Campbell tests results have clearly shown that the Perro de Presa Canario breed is very dominant. Besides, it appears to be stubborn, intelligent and committed.

Novice gyrfalcons cut straight to the kill on maiden flight

Prized for their rarity during the Middle Ages and designated the bird of kings by medieval gentlemen, gyrfalcons may even have instigated the downfall of a Chinese empire, thanks to its demand for the merciless hunters. Gyrfalcons carry a majestic cachet, yet it wasn't clear whether these masters of the air are unique or use the same interception strategy as other falcons when closing in for the kill; they rarely swoop from spectacular heights to intercept prey like their smaller cousin, the peregrine falcon. According to Caroline Brighton from the University of Oxford, UK, ‘Wild gyrfalcons are most often recorded performing low surprise attacks initiated from a perch or from ridge soaring’. Knowing that Harris’ hawks hound their victim from behind, Brighton and her colleagues, Katherine Chapman (University of Oxford), Nicholas Fox (Wingbeat Ltd) and Graham Taylor (University of Oxford) wondered whether gyrfalcons use a hawk-like strategy, where they directly follow every twist and turn of their prey, or apply their peregrine cousin's strategy, cutting the corner off their approach and aiming ahead of their prey to intercept it. Puzzled by the mystery of the regal raptors, the team decided to investigate how novice gyrfalcons that had never pursued prey before tackled the interception challenge.‘Nick breeds gyrfalcons for falconry and he invited us to watch the training flights of his latest cohort of juvenile birds at their training grounds’, says Brighton, who joined Fox and the rest of the team in the north of England for the young birds’ maiden flights. ‘Northumberland has large expanses of open moorland, much better suited for flying drones and falcons’, Brighton explains. With each bird hooded and perched on its handler's glove, a drone pilot moved into position upwind of the young gyrfalcon with a remote controlled aeroplane disguised as a crow, known as a Rocrow. As soon as the handler removed the hood, the gyrfalcon set off in pursuit of the fleeing crow robot. ‘The pilot flew the Rocrow through a series of evasive turns and the trial ended when the falcon either touched or grabbed it with its talons’, says Brighton. Filming 20 skirmishes while tracking the robot prey and birds’ manoeuvres in fine detail with GPS loggers, the researchers were able to recreate each airborne duel back in the lab. They then simulated a range of dog fight styles, from the peregrine falcon's interception approach to the Harris’ hawk's hot pursuit, to find out which strategy most closely replicated the gyrfalcons’ flight path.Analysing 111 s of the birds’ intricate flight paths as they hunted their quarry over 1127 m in total, Brighton and Taylor successfully reproduced the bird's manoeuvres by recreating a variant of the peregrine falcon's interception approach, resulting in the gyrfalcon's signature tail-chase strategy. However, the inexperienced gyrfalcons were not as nimble as the smaller peregrine falcons, turning more slowly and pursuing their quarry farther before grasping it with their talons. Brighton and Taylor suggest that although the gyrfalcon's strategy is less efficient than the peregrine's, the prolonged chase allows them to harry their wild prey to exhaustion.The fact that gyrfalcons on their maiden flights were able to perform such meticulous interceptions with no practice suggests that they inherit the ability and cut straight to the kill without having to learn from other birds. The team's discovery that the gyrfalcon's interception flight path has more in common with that of their peregrine falcon cousins also suggests that these attack behaviours may be characteristic of all falcons and were practised by the last ancestor that the two species had in common.

Reposition of traumatic ocular proptosis through lateral canthotomy in a kitten

Present case reports a successful diagnosis and surgical management of traumatic unilateral proptosis in a one month old female kitten with lateral canthotomy under general anaesthesia. A Kitten presented in Veterinary clinical complex, Bikaner, with a history of dog fighting and clinical examination revealed moderate prolapse of left eye globe. Eye globe reposition as well as temporary tarsorrhaphy was done.

Babesia gibsoni emerging with high prevalence and co-infections in “fighting dogs” in Hungary

Babesia gibsoni is considered as an emerging protozoan parasite of dogs in North America and Europe. However, no data have been published on its prevalence, molecular-phylogenetic characteristics and associated co-infections in dogs used for illegal fighting (i.e. predisposed to acquiring this piroplasm via biting) in Europe. In this study, blood samples from 79 American Staffordshire Terrier dogs, confiscated for illegal dog fights, were molecularly analyzed for tick-borne pathogens. Babesiagibsoni was detected in 32 dogs, i.e. with a prevalence of 40.5%. In addition, Babesia vulpes was found in 8 samples (prevalence of 10.1%), for the first time in dogs in Hungary. Canine hemoplasmas were also identified in 49 samples (62%): only Mycoplasma haemocanis in 32 (40.5%) dogs, only “Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum” in 9 (11.4%) dogs, and both hemoplasmas in 8 (10.1%) dogs. Thus, hemoplasma infections also showed a particularly high prevalence in this dog population. Based on a partial fragment of the 18S rRNA gene, B. gibsoni from Hungary exhibited complete sequence identity with conspecific strains reported from Europe and Asia. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene sequence of this isolate showed the closest identity with B. gibsoni reported from Japan but had a nonsynonymous mutation (M33I). Furthermore, the 11 B. gibsoni-positive samples analyzed for sequence variants of the cytochrome b (cytb) gene showed the presence of a common mutation (P310S). Most importantly, B. gibsoni had two further nonsynonymous mutations, M121I and F258L, in a dog with severe and relapsing anemia following atovaquone treatment. Phylogenetically, both cytb sequence variants clustered together, with a clear geographical pattern showing the closest relationship of both haplotypes identified in Hungary with those from China and Japan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first cox1 and cytb characterization of B. gibsoni in Europe, as well as the first report on the emergence of this piroplasm and hemoplasmas with high prevalence among “fighting dogs” north of the Mediterranean Basin.

Reading Polly Teale’s Dog Women in After Mrs Rochester and Brontë

ABSTRACT Playwright and director Polly Teale’s biodramas After Mrs Rochester (2003) and Brontë (2005) boldly feature dog women to embody the psychological shadows of Jean Rhys and Charlotte Brontë respectively. In developing the figures Teale draws inspiration most explicitly from artist Dame Paula Rego’s Dog Woman series (1994) and Charlotte Brontë’s blurring of the species boundary human/animal in her representation of Bertha Mason Rochester in Jane Eyre (1847). The intersections between the aesthetics of Teale and Rego provide, I show, a critical frame within which to read their dog women. To weigh Teale’s treatment of her biographical subjects, intimacy and the relation between sexuality and writing I also draw out the scope of her engagement with canine images in Rhys’s fiction and a letter Brontë wrote to Constantin Héger.

Comments on: Reporting a case of suspected dog fighting

Comments on: Reporting a case of suspected dog fighting

Reporting a case of suspected dog fighting

![Graphic][1] Emma Culjat-Vukman is a second-year veterinary student at the University of Glasgow. She is interested in veterinary ethics and improving sustainability in the veterinary field. #### The dilemma A...