Documentation Of Cultural Heritage Sites Research Articles

An Archival Framework for Sharing of Cultural Heritage 3D Survey Data: OpenHeritage3D.org

Abstract. Photogrammetry and LiDAR have become increasingly accessible methods for documentation of Cultural Heritage sites. Academic and government agencies recognize the utility of high-resolution 3D models supporting long-term asset management through visualization, conservation planning, and change detection. Though detailed models can be created with increasing ease, their potential for future use can be constrained by a lack of accompanying topographic data, data collector skill level, and incomplete recording of the key metadata and paradata which make such survey data useful to future endeavors. In this paper, informed by various international survey organizations and data archives, we present a framework to record and communicate Cultural Heritage - focusing on architectures based on 3D metric survey - to first describe the data and metadata which should be included by surveyors to enable data usage and to communicate the expected utility of this data.

Use of Geoinformatics for the Digitization and Visualization of Sensitive Space in the Urban Landscape: A Case Study of the Gross-Rosen Sub-Camps Systems

Geospatial technologies enable accurate and detailed documentation of cultural heritage sites. They allow for the creation of digital representations of these sites that can be shared with interested audiences. Given the above, this paper presents the possibility of using archival data to reconstruct the topography of two German labor camps, Dyhernfurth I and II, which operated during World War II. To perform this task, multi-source archival data was obtained and interpreted. These data came from various sources: archives, historical institutes, and museums. The results of the study were presented to the staff of the Gross-Rosen Museum, who anticipated the possibility of using the proposed tools in the management of other labor camps. The proposed methodology can be replicated at other locations and easily implemented by other martyrdom museums involved in the preservation of cultural heritage.

Utilising non-invasive measurement methods for the inventory of endangered cultural heritage -case study of Iraq

Advanced non-invasive remote sensing techniques, in conjunction with advanced digital technologies designed for the acquisition and comprehensive analysis of extensive datasets, hold substantial promise for significantly augmenting the capacities associated with the documentation of cultural heritage sites. This is especially crucial when it comes to preserving endangered cultural heritage. The main goal of this article was to demonstrate instances of non-invasive approaches used to catalog cultural heritage objectes and locations in Iraq. This investigation showcased a number of examples and employed a variety of contemporary data collection and processing techniques. These included digital close-range photogrammetry, Building Information Modeling (BIM), data from crowdsourced data, and findings derived from Mosul Project. As evident, reality underscores the presence of numerous perils endangering the preservation of tangible cultural heritage sites worldwide. Precious architectural marvels, artistic creations, and natural landmarks are at risk of permanent loss. Therefore, a prompt inventory process, along with the creation of precise digital models, ensures the protection, rescue, and potential reconstruction of these invaluable entities. The instances provided in this article, proved that the application of different digitization methods to Iraq's cultural heritage, can readily serve as a model for other endangered objects and sites.

OPENHERITAGE3D: BUILDING AN OPEN VISUAL ARCHIVE FOR SITE SCALE GIGA-RESOLUTION LIDAR AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY DATA

Abstract. LiDAR and photogrammetry are common mechanisms for the documentation of cultural heritage sites. Their outputs provide foundational primary sources for research and important engineering decisions contributing to the on-going conservation of sites and structures. Unfortunately, due to the complex nature of these data, they are rarely shared with stakeholders in their full forms. Raw data is routinely transferred to portable hard drives and forgotten at a project’s end. Digital heritage documentation, often acquired with great effort and cost, is at risk of loss (UNESCO 2003). When these data are shared, they are rarely presented or formatted in ways which enable their widespread re-use. As processing tools improve at a rapid pace, and offer new pipelines for improved reconstruction and fusion with additional data sources, it is important to preserve the data in a way which maintains all functionality and interoperability between processing platforms. It's not enough to share data or to simply make them "available." Data must be technologically and intellectually intelligible (and useful). A new system framework is required to ensure their integrity and wide-spread utility, and to democratize these data for re-use by the diverse communities of stakeholders with whose purposes fall outside the narrow scopes of a 3D documentation project’s original goals. In this paper we present OpenHeritage3D.org as a platform and framework for an open visual archive seeking to provide authoritative and democratized access to site-scale lidar and photogrammetry through data curation, file-sharing, and web-visualization systems with granular segmentation and data conversion capabilities.

THE GREAT WALL 3D DOCUMENTATION AND APPLICATION BASED ON MULTI-SOURCE DATA FUSION – A CASE STUDY OF NO.15 ENEMY TOWER OF THE NEW GUANGWU GREAT WALL

Abstract. Laser scanning or photogrammetry are useful individual techniques for digital documentation of cultural heritage sites. However, these techniques are of limited usage if cultural heritage such as the Great Wall is in harsh geographical conditions. The Great Wall is usually built on the ridge with cliffs on both sides, so it is very difficult to construct scaffolding. Therefore, the three-dimensional (3D) data obtained from the traditional 3D laser scanning is not complete. As UAV cannot enter the enemy tower, the 3D structure data inside the enemy tower with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry is missing. In order to explore effective methods to completely collect the 3D data of cultural heritage under harsh geographical environment, this study focuses on establishing a 3D model and the associated digital documentation for the No.15 enemy tower of the New Guangwu Great Wall using a combination of terrestrial laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry. This paper proposes an integrated data collection method and reduces the layout of image control points using RTK-UAV technology, which improved work efficiency and reduced work risks as well. In this paper, the internal structure data of the Great Wall enemy tower was collected by laser scanning, the external structure data was collected by UAV photogrammetry, and data fusion was based on ICP algorithm. Finally, we obtained the complete and high quality 3D digital documentation of the Great Wall enemy tower, the data can be displayed digitally and help heritage experts complete the Great Wall's restoration. This study demonstrates the potential of integrating terrestrial laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry in 3D digital documentation of cultural heritage sites.

Three-Dimensional Digital Documentation of Cultural Heritage Site Based on the Convergence of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photogrammetry

Three-dimensional digital technology is important in the maintenance and monitoring of cultural heritage sites. This study focuses on using a combination of terrestrial laser scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry to establish a three-dimensional model and the associated digital documentation of the Magoksa Temple, Republic of Korea. Herein, terrestrial laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry was used to acquire the perpendicular geometry of the buildings and sites, where UAV photogrammetry yielded higher planar data acquisition rate in upper zones, such as the roof of a building, than terrestrial laser scanning. On comparing the two technologies’ accuracy based on their ground control points, laser scanning was observed to provide higher positional accuracy than photogrammetry. The overall discrepancy between the two technologies was found to be sufficient for the generation of convergent data. Thus, the terrestrial laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry data were aligned and merged post conversion into compatible extensions. A three-dimensional (3D) model, with planar and perpendicular geometries, based on the hybrid data-point cloud was developed. This study demonstrates the potential for using the integration of terrestrial laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry in 3D digital documentation and spatial analysis of cultural heritage sites.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Photogrammetry in the Conservation of Historic Places: Carleton Immersive Media Studio Case Studies

The increasing commercialization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has opened the possibility of performing low-cost aerial image acquisition for the documentation of cultural heritage sites through UAV photogrammetry. This paper presents two case studies that illustrate the use of the DJI Phantom 4 normal UAV for aerial image acquisition, and the results that can be achieved using those images. A general workflow procedure of oblique image capturing and data processing of large data sets has been illustrated in the Prince of Wales Fort case study to create photogrammetric models and to generate orthophotos for condition assessment applications. The second case study provides insight on the possibility of using UAVs for post-disaster documentation when the accessibility and the availability of high cost equipment is of major concern. The results that were obtained from UAV photogrammetry of Nyatapola Temple and Bhairabnath Temple in Taumadhi Square in Nepal, which were damaged by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, are presented and discussed.

UAV PHOTGRAMMETRIC WORKFLOWS: A BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINE

Abstract. The increasing commercialization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has opened the possibility of performing low-cost aerial image acquisition for the documentation of cultural heritage sites through UAV photogrammetry. The flying of UAVs in Canada is regulated through Transport Canada and requires a Special Flight Operations Certificate (SFOC) in order to fly. Various image acquisition techniques have been explored in this review, as well as well software used to register the data. A general workflow procedure has been formulated based off of the literature reviewed. A case study example of using UAV photogrammetry at Prince of Wales Fort is discussed, specifically in relation to the data acquisition and processing. Some gaps in the literature reviewed highlight the need for streamlining the SFOC application process, and incorporating UAVs into cultural heritage documentation courses.