Documentary Output Research Articles

The Avignon Popes and Their Chancery: Collected Essays by Patrick Zutshi

Reviewed by: The Avignon Popes and Their Chancery: Collected Essays by Patrick Zutshi Blake Beattie The Avignon Popes and Their Chancery: Collected Essays. By Patrick Zutshi. (Florence: SISMEL. Edizioni del Galluzzo. 2021. Pp. xiv, 466. €68,00. ISBN: 9788892900646. Starting with John XXII (1316–34), the popes of Avignon built up a remarkably elaborate administrative machinery that generated a voluminous body of official paperwork, on which so much of the study of the Avignonese papacy rests. The essential connections between the two–that is, the institutions of the papal bureaucracy, on the one hand, and their documentary output, on the other–has long stood at the heart of Patrick Zutshi’s scholarship. In this volume Zutshi presents twenty essays, all but two of which have been previously published, here revised, updated, and organized into a cohesive (if not quite fully monographic) study of “the largest and perhaps the most complex of the various departments within the Roman curia” (p. 4) at fourteenth-century Avignon, the chancery. The result is a brightly lit window into the inner workings of the single most advanced and sophisticated administrative system of the European Middle Ages, from one of the leading scholars in the field. The essays gathered together here span much of Zutshi’s career. Chapters 13 and 19 first appeared in the late 1980s; chapters 9 (“At the Point of Death: Licences to Choose a Confessor in mortis articulo Issued by the Avignon Popes,” pp. 179–203) and 12 (“The Autograph Letters of the Avignon Popes,” pp. 241– 252) were written for the book (2021). Following a foundational first chapter (a crystalline introduction to the high and late medieval papal chancery and the different types of documents it produced), the book is thereafter divided into five thematically organized sections. The first contains five chapters—one of which (no. 3) [End Page 807] was coauthored with the late Peter Linehan–which concern themselves with “Petitions and Registers” (pp. 27–138). Chapters 7–9 pertain to “The Chancery and Its Production” (pp. 141–203); chapters 10–12, to “The Role of the Pope” in the production of chancery output (pp. 207–51). Zutshi’s long-standing interest in the Avignon papacy and England is evinced by five chapters (13–17) on “Papal Letters and English History” (pp. 255–357). Neatly, the final three chapters (18–20) address “Papal Letters for the University of Cambridge,” where Zutshi served for years as Keeper of Manuscripts and University Archives. The sometimes byzantine intricacies of the curia and its departments can be daunting, but Zutshi is a sure and steady hand. An institutional scholar in the tradition of Guillaume Mollat, he guides readers easily through the chancery, its workings, and the different types of its documentary products. Zutshi has a superb sense of the bureaucratic spirit that animated the Avignon papacy and communicates it with clarity and precision. His work is everywhere informed by meticulous textual scholarship. Zutshi is never far from the manuscripts—indeed, most chapters contain appendices in which he presents exemplars of the documentary texts he elucidates. Much more than simply a useful assemblage of previously published works, The Avignon Popes and Their Chancery stands as the first major, stand-alone, monograph-length study of its subject, in any language (p. ix); as both a supremely informative overview and an eminently informative reference work, it will long be essential reading for scholars of the later medieval papacy and of medieval institutional history more broadly. Blake Beattie University of Louisville Copyright © 2022 The Catholic University of America Press

University policy engagement bodies in the UK and the variable meanings of and approaches to impact

Abstract Over the last decade, there has been a proliferation of policy engagement bodies set up within universities worldwide. The present study focuses on the British experience of this phenomenon but with relevance to other contexts. Multiple factors are at play to explain this growth, from the Research Excellence Framework impact agenda (which assesses and ranks the quality of research in UK universities and has been echoed in other countries) to universities’ renewed focus on their civic mission, and a growing demand within policy and practice circles for more research evidence. Based on interviews with senior staff and analysis of their websites and documentary outputs, this article offers a comprehensive catalogue of university policy engagement bodies across the UK, and classifies them into types based on their activities, outputs, impact, and staff. We enrich this categorization by examining the stories these bodies tell to explain how and why they have emerged, and the variable approaches they adopt as they seek to influence both academic and policymaking practices. In doing so, we develop a typology of university policy engagement bodies, and demonstrate how they seek to partake in changing the roles and identities of universities, and their relationship with policymaking.

The G20 and Africa: A Critical Assessment

The increased globalisation over the last 20 years has made effective global economic governance more important than ever. This period has witnessed the rise of a number of new international governance actors, such as the Group of Twenty (G-20) and the Financial Stability Board. The paper proposes a five-part test to evaluate how the existing global governance actors serve the interests of all stakeholders in the global economy. The test is based on five factors indicating good global governance. These are the goals relating to global economic governance being followed by the governance entity, respect for applicable international legal principles, good administrative practice, comprehensive coverage of all relevant issues and all affected stakeholders, and coordinated specialization. The paper uses these five factors to develop a framework for assessing the responsiveness of the G-20 to African issues and concerns. The final part of the paper applies this framework to the documentary outputs of the seven G-20 summits held during 2008-2012 to assess their responsiveness to Africa. It looks at how the communiques and other key documents from each of the summits address the issues arising from each part of the test and then makes an assessment of how well the G-20 has satisfied that part of the test over the course of the period from 2008-2012. The paper concludes that the G-20 is not fully satisfying any of the five parts of the test, and therefore fails to reach its full potential as a global economic governance actor.

Theoretical trends on social justice: a documentary output

El articulo se elabora en el marco del proyecto de investigacion «Nociones sociales que sobre justicia construyen ninos y ninas de colegios oficiales de la localidad de Kennedy», con la finalidad de conocer, comprender e interpretar los conceptos que sobre justicia social se han construido. Su estructura presenta cinco partes, en las que se evidencia el desarrollo historico del concepto a partir de los aportes iniciales a la nocion de justicia; se toma como punto de referencia el ordenamiento social para poder comprenderlo desde lo juridico y desde la justicia, para finalmente entrar a las nociones de justicia, validez y eficacia en Norberto Bobbio, que son los tres criterios a los que se debe someter una norma; igualmente se emiten las conclusiones teniendo en cuenta su vigencia en el marco de la justicia en Colombia, los aportes que desde lo pedagogico se pueden rescatar y los criterios de valoracion de la norma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21017/Rev.Repub.2018.v24.a45

G52(P) Evaluating a safeguarding peer review and reflective supervision intervention: exploring paediatricians’ participation and learning

Aims To establish regular peer review and reflective supervision for paediatricians at both sites of an NHS Trust for a six month period and evaluate participation and learning. Methods An action research methodology was chosen. Morrison’s 4 × 4 × 4 reflective supervision model was selected because of its focus of improving safeguarding outcomes for children. New documentary output was developed for peer review sessions. To support participation, peer review and supervision sessions were scheduled during monthly clinical governance half-days. Attendance at clinical governance sessions is expected for all available paediatricians. Participation in the evaluation of learning was optional. There are 21 paediatricians permanently employed by the Trust. Their participation, any resultant learning and impact was to be explored through examination of documentary outputs from the sessions including attendance registers and from semi-structured interviews. This service evaluation project was registered with the NHS organisation. The evaluation of learning has approval from a university ethics committee. Results Experienced supervisors were secured and a steering group established. Six sessions were planned at each site beginning with supervisee training for reflective supervision. Then there was to be alternating sessions of reflective supervision or peer review at each site. For the site with 13 paediatricians, six (6/13, 46.2%) were present for training. Of the subsequent five sessions, only one session has taken place. There were four attendees (4/13, 30.8%) at the reflective supervision session, only two of whom had attended the training. Four of the sessions did not take place. For the site with 8 paediatricians, three (3/8, 37.5%) attended training and none of the five planned sessions happened. Of the nine missed sessions, analysis indicates that unavailability of the Named Doctors for Child Protection accounted for four missed sessions, unavailability of other paediatricians for an additional four and an administrative error for one. The details of the barriers to participation will be presented. Conclusions Scheduling peer review and reflective supervision during clinical governance half-days did not secure paediatricians’ participation. There has been insufficient participation to evaluate learning or impact on outcomes for children. Future options to support participation will be discussed.

Behind a Law School’s Decision to Implement an Institutional Repository

An institutional repository [IR] is a means to collect the intellectual digital output of an organization. Among the primary goals of the IR are the following: 1. To collect an organization’s documentary output into one virtual location. 2. The genre of these contributions includes not only the traditional papers, but also videos, slide presentations, and anything else that can be preserved in a variety of electronic formats. 3. After collection, the IR offers open access to those materials. 4. The combination of diverse contents and open access culminates in the institution’s heightened visibility on the internet. Assessment of the merits of any IR plan can usefully be framed in terms of these four goals. However conceived, the decision to create an IR represents a significant investment for any institution. The following sections address some of the issues associated with the commitment to initiate and sustain a productive IR. The authors’ home institution, the University of Georgia School of Law chose Digital Commons [DC], the product created and supported by The Berkeley Electronic Press, or “bepress,” as its IR platform.5 For present purposes, therefore, “IR” and “DC” will be used interchangeably. Digital Commons is related to another bepress product, SelectedWorks [SW]. SelectedWorks allows an individual to post his or her papers to a customizable individual page, which can be institutionally branded and related back to the institution’s DC. The following comments are based upon the authors’ own experiences, but are intended to be broadly applicable to any setting considering whether and how to implement an IR.

Using action research to construct national evidence‐based nursing care guidance for gerontological nursing

This paper explores the development of a low-cost, involving methodology for constructing nursing-focused evidence-based national care guidance, known as Best Practice Statements, the intended users of which are gerontological nurses practising throughout Scotland. The Best Practice Statement construction methodology forms one cycle in a five-year longitudinal action research study that aims to achieve evidence-based nursing, facilitate professional networking to support practice development and promote the principles and practice of gerontological nursing. Achieving these aims involved designing a virtual Practice Development College. A Community of Practice comprising practising gerontological nurses, expert advisors, academic teaching and research nurses collaborated in face-to-face meetings and in the virtual Practice Development College to delineate and refine the procedural model for Best Practice Statement construction. Focus groups, telephone interviews, analysis of on-line archives and documentary outputs formed the analytic dataset. Qualitative analysis indicated that, from the perspective of the community of practice, the emerging methodology facilitated the melding of knowledge sources reflecting the dominant evidence hierarchy with other forms of evidence valued by gerontological nurses, in the Best Practice Statement. Current methods of care guidance construction rarely address the concerns of nurses and the evidence from which guidelines are developed is narrowly defined with regard to inclusion and acceptability. In contrast this model focuses on nursing issues, embraces a wider definition of evidence and ensures that the published Best Practice Statements are credible and achievable in gerontological practice, where they are tested and refined as an inherent aspect of the development process.

Preserving A Heritage? South African Archive Documentary: 1910-1940

Le documentaire occupait une place aussi importante que la fiction dans la production de l’African Film Productions Ltd., le premier studio Sud-africain. Financés par plusieurs départements de la nouvelle fédération de l’Union Sud-africaine, les documentaires de l’AFP jouèrent un rôle crucial dans le développement d’une nouvelle conception de l’Afrique du Sud entre 1910 et 1940. Ce rôle devient évident quand on place les documentaires de l’AFP dans le contexte de la politique législative de l’Afrique du Sud de l’époque.

Sounds real: music and documentary

This article examines the way in which music has featured in documentary films and programmes. The conventions of restrained use to cue mood and theme are explored, using examples and the recommendations of manuals. Across the varieties of documentary output, the article notes how the dominance of journalistic and observational formats has, for different reasons, tended to place music in the margins. Drawing on an example from the classic period of documentary film-making in Britain, it points towards a more expansive use of music in a complementary relationship with images. A number of general theoretical points about the specific properties of the documentary image and its relationship with music are raised and recent examples of successful innovation discussed. The article ends by suggesting that there is more scope for aesthetic development in music-image relations than has often been recognised and that some of the established inhibitions about mixing ‘fact’ with ‘emotion’ need to be reviewed.

La Bibliothèque Nationale du Québec

Created in 1967, the Bibliothèque nationale de Québec exists to collect, conserve and disseminate the published documentary output of the province, foreign documents about Quebec and works written by authors from Quebec. All forms of document - including maps, music, posters, art reproductions, software and microforms - are collected, by legal deposit, purchase or exchange. As well as the national bibliography, the BnQ publishes a wide range of bibliographic lists and indexes, and various works on the conservation of collections. It allocates ISBNs to Canadian francophone authors, participates in the Canadian CIP programme, and maintains numerous links with other national libraries and international francophone libraries. Recent developments include an integrated bibliographic computer system based on the UTLAS server in Toronto and the software suite Best Seller; the creation of a Web site for promoting and allowing access to its services; and the expansion of the library's physical resources through major building and refurbishment work, allowing significant increases in both conservation and dissemination activities.

The application of Rapid Rural Appraisal techniques in coastal resources planning: experience in Malampaya Sound, Philippines

The Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) techniques often employed to fast-track the assessments of agricultural and forest resource systems were applied to the coastal resource planning of Malampaya Sound in Palawan Island, western Philippines. The RRA was classified as exploratory: the aim was to describe the problems and opportunities in the area through the active participation of the local communities. The exercise was jointly undertaken by six researchers and representative household members from seven villages. Qualitative diagrams were constructed depicting the human interactions with the coastal resources in terms of four patterns: space, time, product flow and decision making. The four key coastal issues that emerged in the problem analysis chart were: low fishery production, the low prices of fisheries produce, low agricultural production and poor health conditions. The final outputs were proposed projects or action strategies to be used as mitigating measures for the coastal problems identified. The RRA techniques were found to be useful as participatory tools for problem identification and initial project development. The documentary outputs have served as guides for the rapid survey of other coastal sites in Palawan.

Access to British local government documentation

The ‘Access to local government documentation’ project carried out by Capital Planning Information under the auspices of the British Library Research and Development Department in 1979 and 1980 is described. The project had its origins in the problems encountered by librarians and others who require access to the increasing number and range of documents produced by local authorities in the United Kingdom, especially since the reorganization of local government in the mid-1970s. In particular, the study was concerned with the use, or possible use, of these documents to transfer information on topics and methodologies of mutual interest between authorities and to other agencies and individuals both inside and outside their immediate geographical area. The project aimed to identify as much as possible of the total documentary output of all departments in five selected local authorities, and to discover how such documentation, once identified, could be acquired. All the documents obtained were examined in detail to establish what, if any, bibliographic standards were being applied. The study also examined local authority attitudes to publication and the procedures established by them to provide access to the documents produced. Conclusions based on an analysis of 286 documents collected over a six-month study period are outlined, and the main recommendations of the final report on the study are summarized.

The Reports of the Hoover Commission

In late May of this year the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government, commonly known as the Hoover Commission, submitted its concluding report to the Congress. This was the nineteenth in a series of reports released at intervals beginning early in February. The relatively brief individual printed reports of the Commission were accompanied by appendixes containing the most important substantiating evidence garnered from an estimated total of two and a half million words contained in studies made for the use of the Commission.This documentary output contains the results of the most extensive study ever made of the problem of executive reorganization in the federal government. The Commission on Organization, created by act of Congress in the summer of 1947, started under the most auspicious circumstances, was liberally supplied with appropriations for its work, and has enjoyed widespread public interest in its recommendations. With a distinguished membership drawn from public and private life, from the executive and legislative branches of the federal government, and from both major political parties, the Commission was given an extremely broad assignment by die Congress.