Documentary Analysis Of Reports Research Articles

El lugar de la violencia hacia los pobladores durante la dictadura cívico-militar en Chile: disputas y silenciamientos en la construcción de narrativas oficiales (1973-2023)

Objective/context: The article analyzes the tensions in the construction of official and alternative truths about the repression of pobladores during the civil- military dictatorship in Chile (1973-1990). Despite the magnitude and massiveness of the repression against this group, it has only been officially recognized in a nominal and exclusive way. Based on a socio-historical reconstruction of the place occupied by the repression toward the impoverished sectors of the city, we investigate the narratives contained in the official reports of the truth commissions and the alternative responses of civil society. Methodology: A case study based on documentary analysis of reports, press, and secondary bibliography. Conclusions: The study evidences the contentious character of settlers in the canonical narratives on political violence during the civil-military dictatorship. In this context, civil society has played a key role in the dispute over the meanings and temporalities of violence; similarly, the place of pobladores as key actors in the political dynamics of the last decades is discussed. Originality: Given the scarcity of works that focus on the representation of pobladores in building official and alternative truths, our findings highlight the gaps and debts in constructing truths about the places and subjects of violence fifty years after the coup d’état in Chile.

Between rhetoric and reality: effects of FIFA’s Human Rights Policy on its organisational structures and procedures

ABSTRACT In a ground-breaking development, The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) responded to the global call for human rights protection within the sports world by adopting a Human Rights Policy. This policy represents a significant paradigm shift, redefining how sports organisations approach and advocate for equality, respect, and accountability in human rights. This article uses a single and explanatory qualitative case study approach to examine the effects of FIFA’s Human Rights Policy on the organisation. Data for this research were obtained through a documentary analysis of reports from FIFA’s Human Rights Advisory Board as well as eight semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. The study sheds light on transformative changes across the administration of the organisation, its governance structures and decision-making procedures. By building on organisational change models, the study reveals a dual impact of FIFA’s Human Rights Policy. On the one hand, positive outcomes were identified, including significant organisational and administrative changes, increased resources, improvements in the FIFA World Cup bidding process and enhanced stakeholder engagement. On the other, challenges persist in fully integrating human rights throughout the organisation, particularly in leadership, governance structures, political decision-making, and remedy mechanisms.

“Somebody’s noises are another person’s signal:” Art, Neuroscience, and Radio Astronomy

«Cogito in Space» is an interdisciplinary art project that sends «thoughts» to outer space. The project, led by artist Daniela de Paulis, involves neuroscientists, radio operators and radio astronomers. They use brain waves collected by the neuroscientists in an electroencephalogram (EEG) scan while the person being scanned watches images of the Universe and Earth from space with a virtual reality headset. This data is converted into a stream of sound, and then transmitted by the radio operators to non-targeted points in the sky using the Dwingeloo radio telescope in the Netherlands. This article examines the dialogue that Cogito crafted between art, radio astronomy and neuroscience. From a sociology of science perspective, I argue that this dialogue is a poetic reinterpretation of scientific instruments used by neuroscientists and radio astronomers. With poetic, I refer broadly to the process of creating a set of symbols that weave connections between social worlds. These symbols’ interpretations remain open-ended, and exist in the interstices between the empirical and the speculative. Thus, while becoming vehicles of artistic expression, scientific instruments are re-interrogated in a new framework of meaning. I characterise the central ideas of the project, its process of design and its performance based on interviews with the members of the collaboration; participant observation during an academic presentation and a performance at the Dwingeloo radio telescope in November, 2018; and documentary analysis of reports and publications from the project.

Conflitos na luta pela terra e território em áreas de agronegócio: das violências, negligências e precariedades às manifestações e conquistas dos Guarani e Kaiowá

Este texto consistiu em uma análise documental de reportagens veiculadas no jornal O Progresso, Mato Grosso do Sul, com o objetivo de caracterizar e identificar os conflitos, confrontos e conquistas, no processo de demarcação de terras, em áreas de fronteira de agronegócio que envolve os Guarani e Kaiowá e fazendeiros. A amostra abarcou 113 reportagens publicadas no período de 2016 a 2018, e respeitaram o delineamento metodológico da análise de conteúdo temática. Duas categorias foram criadas: Conflitos (79,65%) e Conquistas (20,35%). Contata-se que nas reservas indígenas o auxílio é escasso e falho, enquanto que os problemas, dificuldades, situações de resistência e condições de resiliência predominam nos conflitos pelos territórios tradicionais.

The ghost in the legal machine: algorithmic governmentality, economy, and the practice of law

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate algorithmic governmentality – as proposed by Antoinette Rouvroy – specifically in relation to law. It seeks to show how algorithmic profiling can be particularly attractive for those in legal practice, given restraints on time and resources. It deviates from Rouvroy in two ways. First, it argues that algorithmic governmentality does not contrast with neoliberal modes of government in that it allows indirect rule through economic calculations. Second, it argues that critique of such systems is possible, especially if the creative nature of law can be harnessed effectively.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper, with a theory-based approach, that is intended to explore relevant issues related to algorithmic governmentality as a basis for future empirical research. It builds on governmentality and socio-legal studies, as well as research on algorithmic practices and some documentary analysis of reports and public-facing marketing of relevant technologies.FindingsThis paper provides insights on how algorithmic knowledge is collected, constructed and applied in different situations. It provides examples of how algorithms are currently used and how trends are developing. It demonstrates how such uses can be informed by socio-political and economic rationalities.Research limitations/implicationsFurther empirical research is required to test the theoretical findings.Originality/valueThis paper takes up Rouvroy’s question of whether we are at the end(s) of critique and seeks to identify where such critique can be made possible. It also highlights the importance of acknowledging the role of political rationalities in informing the activity of algorithmic assemblages.

Person-centred medicines optimisation policy in England: an agenda for research on polypharmacy.

There has been growing support in England for a policy of medicines optimisation as a response to the rise of problematic polypharmacy. Conceptually, medicines optimisation differs from the medicines management model of prescribing in being based around the patient rather than processes and systems. This critical examination of current official and independent policy documents questions how central the patient is in them and whether relevant evidence has been utilised in their development. A documentary analysis of reports on medicines optimisation published by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS), The King's Fund and National Institute for Health and Social Care Excellence since 2013. The analysis draws on a non-systematic review of research on patient experiences of using medicines. Findings The reports varied in their inclusion of patient perspectives and person-centred care values, and in the extent to which they drew on evidence from research on patients' experiences of polypharmacy and medicines use. In the RPS report, medicines optimisation is represented as being a 'step change' from medicines management, in contrast to the other documents which suggest that it is facilitated by the systems and processes that comprise the latter model. Only The King's Fund report considered evidence from qualitative studies of people's use of medicines. However, these studies are not without their limitations. We suggest five ways in which researchers could improve this evidence base and so inform the development of future policy: by facilitating reviews of existing research; conducting studies of patient experiences of polypharmacy and multimorbidity; evaluating medicines optimisation interventions; making better use of relevant theories, concepts and tools; and improving patient and public involvement in research and in guideline development.

Learning communities and overcoming poverty in Brazil

Object: Brazil has implemented social programs to meet the Millennium Development Goals of reducing poverty and inequality. Despite the good results still there are ghettos and educational and social inequalities. Moreover Learning Communities are responding to these needs by promoting education based on successful actions scientifically proven of which promote educational change and social inclusion. The aim of this article is to highlight the characteristics of Learning Communities that allow overcoming poverty, and in this perspective, explain the implementation of the Learning Communities in Brazil and how, in this way, it is creating the conditions for effective overcoming give poverty and inequality in this country. Design / methodology: This article is based on documentary analysis of reports of the INCLUD-ED - the project on school education more scientific resources has been funded by the European Union, United Nations / ECLAC, Brazilian public agencies and websites of official institutions that promote Learning Communities in Brazil. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics are also collected. Contributions and results: It highlights successful actions that contribute to overcoming poverty and social exclusion. Such actions are based on dialogic learning, democratic management and the formation of heterogeneous groups. It is observed that in Brazil are carrying out such actions and the ongoing expansion of the project in the country is creating the conditions for effective poverty reduction. Added value : This article reveals specific elements of overcoming poverty through education.

Addressing alcohol health harms through non-health sector policies in English local government: a systematic overview, legal analysis, and case study

BackgroundMany key determinants of alcohol health harms lie outside the health sector and are affected by non-health sector policies. Public health practitioners tackling alcohol health harms need to work effectively with non-health sectors. Understanding how health can be addressed through non-health policies will improve the public health response to alcohol harms in England. We aimed to identify the barriers to and opportunities for implementation of population-level health interventions in English local government that effectively address alcohol health harms. MethodsWe used a three-stage research design. First, an overview of systematic reviews identified effective population-level interventions addressing alcohol-related health harms. 6775 articles were retrieved from Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Social Policy and Practice, DARE, Campbell, and NICE database searches, supplemented by screening of references of included reviews and contacting key experts to identify missed and unpublished reviews. 10% of articles were independently dual screened with the remainder screened individually after reconciling all classification disagreements. Systematic reviews were included if they were published since 2002, assessed the effectiveness of population-level interventions, and reported quantitative outcomes on alcohol use or related harm. Two reviewers independently assessed the included reviews' quality using the AMSTAR criteria. Second, a legal and policy analysis established the legislative framework governing English local authority alcohol control policies, identifying opportunities to enact effective policies to address alcohol health harms. Third, case studies were done in two local authorities to understand how local factors affected the choice and implementation of alcohol control policies. Data were obtained through non-audio recorded qualitative interviews with local government staff, work shadowing, documentary analysis of reports and external-facing communications, and quantitative analysis of administrative data. Findings52 systematic reviews were identified. The evidence base showed a pattern of support for regulatory or statutory enforcement interventions over local non-regulatory approaches. Interventions with proven effectiveness that are especially relevant to English local authority intervention include limiting alcohol outlet density and opening hours and increasing alcohol prices. By contrast, the legal and policy analysis showed that licensing decisions in England that might control local alcohol availability and affordability should be framed around non-health arguments. Licensing committees need data that relate to a specific premises or local geography, limiting how much aggregate population health indices can be used to justify policy choices. Nevertheless, alcohol health harms can be addressed by developing sufficiently detailed local health evidence; designing special policy areas to address cumulative effect; aligning local planning policy with licensing; and cross-sector collaborations—in particular with licensing, planning, the police, and community safety—such as joint needs assessments and strategies to tackle alcohol harms. The legal framework and local government operating practices do, however, make interventions that address the immediate harms associated with alcohol intoxication more feasible to implement in non-health sectors than those that tackle chronic overconsumption. Case study findings suggest that local government practitioners perceive that policy decisions relate to the priorities of a range of constituencies that might not align with health concerns. InterpretationOpportunities exist to address local health consequences of alcohol consumption through English local government policies. Public health practitioners wishing to engage with non-health sectors will benefit from understanding how other sectors define evidence in terms of relevance and validity, how legislation constrains and enables their practice and policy, and whose priorities shape policy choices. FundingNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)'s School for Public Health Research (SPHR). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health.

“It basically is a fairly loose arrangement … and that works out fine, really.” Analysing the Dynamics of an Interorganisational Partnership

The purpose of this research was to examine the dynamics of a sport development partnership among three nonprofit organisations. Data were collected through interviews with key partnership personnel, as well as documentary analysis of reports. We utilised Frisby, Thibault, and Kikulis’ (2004) framework to organise our discussion, focusing on managerial structures and processes. Within management structures, we analysed dynamics of formal communication and intensity of partnership management. The dynamics of informal communication, trust, conflict, and competing agendas were analysed as managerial processes. This analysis, along with our examination of the multiple links among these dynamics, deepens our understanding of the complexities of partnerships in sport delivery and extends Frisby et al.'s (2004) framework. The research process also represented a collaboration with partnership members, highlighting the usefulness of conducting research with practitioners, rather than imposing research findings on them. Areas for further research are discussed.