DMF Solvent Research Articles

DBD plasma induced SMOSI and encapsulation for regulation of Brønsted-Lewis acid sites of Cr-MOFs@ZrO2

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma for the synthesis of Zr-MOFs followed by the calcination and combination with Cr-MOFs was presented to prepare a Brønsted-Lewis bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The strong electric field on the catalyst surface formed by DBD plasma induced the enhancement of strong metal oxide support interaction (SMOSI), which could be indicated by XPS. SMOSI could change the embedding degree of metal micro-particles. SMOSI accompanied with the encapsulation of Zr metal nanoparticles could regulate the acid sites of the catalysts. Lewis acid played an important role in the isomerization of glucose to fructose, while Brønsted acid played a key role in the further conversion of glucose. The strong Brønsted acid sites determined the conversion of glucose to HMF. Cr-MOFs@ZrO2-D with the DBD plasma method afforded a higher Brønsted to Lewis acid ratio, compared with Cr-MOFs@ZrO2-S with the hydrothermal method. Glucose conversion of 97.9 % and HMF yield of 38 % were obtained with DMF solvent system and Cr-MOFs@ZrO2-D at 150 °C for 2h. This research provided a new method for preparing Zr-MOFs by DBD plasma and a new idea to comprehensively understand the role of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites in glucose conversion.

A semiconducting supramolecular Co(II)-metallogel based resistive random access memory (RRAM) design with good endurance capabilities.

A highly efficient approach for synthesizing a supramolecular metallogel of Co(II) ions, denoted as CoA-TA, has been established under room temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions. This method employs the metal-coordinating organic ligand benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid as a low molecular weight gelator (LMWG) in DMF solvent. A comprehensive analysis of the mechanical properties of the resulting supramolecular Co(II)-metallogel was conducted through rheological investigation, considering angular frequency and thixotropic study. The hierarchical rocky network structure of the supramolecular Co(II)-metallogel was unveiled using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis showed rod-shaped structures via low-magnification high angle annular dark field (HAADF) bright field scanning transmission electron microscopic (STEM) imaging, while energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental mapping confirmed its primary chemical constituents. The formation mechanism of the metallogel was examined via fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The nature of the synthesized CoA-TA metallogel was affirmed through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Furthermore, this study involved fabrication of Schottky diode structures in a metal-semiconductor-metal geometry based on cobalt(II) metallogel (CoA-TA), enabling observation of charge transport behavior. Remarkably, a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device utilizing cobalt(II) metallohydrogel (CoA-TA) demonstrated bipolar resistive switching at room temperature and under ambient conditions. The switching mechanism was investigated, revealing the formation and rupture of conductive filaments between metal electrodes that govern the resistive switching behavior. This RRAM device exhibited an impressive ON/OFF ratio (~ 414) and exceptional endurance over 5000 switching cycles. These structures offer great potential for diverse applications such as non-volatile memory design, neuromorphic computing, flexible electronics and optoelectronics. Their advantages lie in their fabrication process, reliable resistive switching behavior and overall performance stability.

The Synthesis of MOFs of ZnImBImZnO through Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Methods

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a promising class of materials that have a wide range of applications, from gas storage to catalysis. The synthesis of MOFs from the ZnImBImZnO framework has been carried out using hydrothermal and solvothermal methods. By using different metal-ligand molar ratios and solvents, we have discovered that MOFs can be formed both in DMF and water solvents. The products obtained were studied using various techniques, including SEM, PSA, and FTIR, to confirm their formation Our research has shown that MOFs synthesized with different concentrations and solvents show different size distributions. This suggests that the choice of solvent and concentration can be used to control the size and morphology of the MOFs. Furthermore, we have found that the formation of the MOFs framework also directs the morphology of the Zn(II)-imidazole complex and ZnO NFs. Our results provide important insights into the synthesis and properties of MOFs. Moreover, the contact angle measurement data for the ZnImBImZnO framework indicates that it is unequivocally hydrophilic. By understanding the factors that influence the properties of MOFs, we can design new materials with specific properties tailored to different applications. This exciting research area has the potential to revolutionize many fields, from energy storage to drug delivery. Our results provide important insights into the properties of MOFs and pave the way for developing new materials with tailored properties.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Thiadiazole Derivatives Derived from 2-Amino-5-Thio-1,3,4-Thiadiazole

This manuscript introduces a series of novel Schiff base and heterocyc-licring compounds, focusing on derivatives of 1,3-oxazepine and thiazo-lidinone.The derivative (2-Hydroxy-N-(5-mercapto-[1,3,4] thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-phenyl-acetamide was created by reacting ethyl mandelate ester[M1] and 2-amino-5-thio-1,3,4-thiadiazole compound to produce new compound [M2] and after that, compound [M2] was reacted with hydrazine hydrate 99% in dry DMF solvent, yielding the compound (N-(5-Hydrazino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-acetamide [M3]. In contrast , the Schiff base compound [M4] were synthesized by reacting compound [M3] with aromatic heterocyclic aldehyde (furan-2-carbaldehyde) in the presence of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst, and then Schiff base [M4] was reacted with maleic anhydride in dry benzene as a solvent to produce (1,3-Oxazepine) derivative [M5]. Additionally, the thiazolidinone derivative [M6] was synthesized through the reaction of equimolar amounts of (N-[5-(N'-Furan-2-yl-methylene-hydrazino)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-acetamide [M4] with thioacetic acid compound in chloroform as a solvent. The structural formula of all derivatives was confirmed by FT-IR and (1HNMR, 13CNMR) spectroscopy. The synthesized derivatives [M1-M6] were screened for their evaluated for antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, Klebsiella sp., and the fungus Candida albicans. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the solvent. Also, the ampicillin compound was used as the standard drug for comparison.

MnO2 as efficient and robust catalyst for halogen-free synthesis of cyclic carbonate from CO2 and epoxides

Cyclic carbonate is an important fine chemical/intermediate and their synthesis from CO2 and epoxides is economical and green pathway, however, it is still a challenge to develop a efficient and robust catalyst for halogen-free synthesis of cyclic carbonate. Herein, we successfully prepared large-scale MnO2 catalysts by microfluidics method, and the MnO2 especially δ-MnO2 showed >99.9 % propylene carbonate yield under 393 K, 3 MPa CO2 and DMF solvent. Moreover, the initial TOF value over δ-MnO2 on the basis of total catalyst amount was 5.80 h−1, which was the maximum among all the reported heterogeneous metallic oxide catalysts for halogen-free synthesis of propylene carbonate from CO2 and epoxides, and the superior catalytic performance can be ascribed to the abundant moderate acidic–basic active sites on the δ-MnO2 surface and the synergistic effect of δ-MnO2 and DMF. Furthermore, the δ-MnO2 can be reused at least 4 times and exhibited wide substrate applicability.

Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, molecular docking and MD simulation studies, in silico ADME investigations and thermo-acoustic studies of heterocyclic dihydropyrimidine substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazole scaffolds

The connections between the chemical structures and antibacterial properties of different functional groups including organic molecules were examined in this study. we have synthesized a novel series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole hybrids (5a-o) based on 3,4-dihydropyrimidines. After an effective synthesis, the compounds' structure was confirmed by using spectrum techniques like IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. Elemental analyses were performed on a Perkin-Elmer 2400 CHN analyzer and the resulting data were within the accepted range (± 0.40) of the calculated values. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the compounds against a range of bacterial and fungal species. Compound 5i showed potent inhibitory effects against P. aeruginosa with MIC values of 12.5 μg/ml S. aureus and A.niger were positively affected by compound 5k with MIC values of 12.5 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml, respectively. Based on the results, compounds 5a and 5o have moderate activity against C.albicans and E. coli with MIC values of 50 μg/ml and 62.5 μg/ml respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to identify the most stable conformation of newly discovered inhibitors. Thermo-acoustical properties of derivatives 5k and 5l in DMSO and DMF solvent have been determined at three different atmospheric pressure temperatures (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15)K. The components of the liquid mixture's molecular interactions have been taken into account to explain these results. The acquired results are interpreted in terms of interactions between solutes and solvents, providing insight into the compounds' potential to form or disrupt structures in DMSO and DMF solutions.

Broadband Circularly Polarized Luminescent Films Based on the Heterogeneous Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals.

Broadband circularly polarized films display promising applications for multiwavelength lasers and "smart" windows in buildings. Herein, broadband films are fabricated through the heterogeneous assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) particles in mixed solvents of water and DMF. During the heterogeneous assembly process, a portion of the small TPU particles coassembled with CNCs to form chiral nematic structures and another portion of the TPU particles fused together to form large aggregates. These large aggregates are located around the helical structures of CNCs and induce a twisting effect on the helical axis of the chiral nematic phase. Helical axis twisting continuously occurs in various directions, leading to broad-band reflections of the films. Additionally, multicolor and white right-handed circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) films have been attained by integrating three organic dyes into the chiral structures of CNCs. A high dissymmetry factor value of -0.47 was achieved for the white CPL film.

Exploring the anti-diabetic activity of benzimidazole containing Schiff base derivatives: In vitro α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitions and in silico studies

The current study explores the anti-diabetic potential of some Schiff bases containing benzimidazole scaffold. These derivative were synthesized by refluxing sodium metabisulfite with ethyl 2-(2-ethoxy-6-formylphenoxy)acetate followed by the addition of ortho phenylene diamine in DMF solvent to get the benzimidazole which was further refluxed in hydrazine hydrate to obtain the hydrazide. Finally various substituted benzaldehydes were treated with the desired hydrazide using a catalytic quantity of acetic acid to obtain the hydrazone Schiff bases. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials. Among them, six derivatives including 2g, 2h, 2q, 2p, 2i, and 2m displayed noteworthy inhibitory activities against α-amylase (IC50 = 2.15 ± 0.17 µM to 15.18 ± 3.29 µM ) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 4.21 ± 0.78 to 16.10 ± 0.52 µM) superior than the standard acarbose, while the remaining compounds showed significant to less inhibitory activities. By clarifying the mechanisms of interaction between the chemicals and amino acid residues, the molecular docking analysis attempted to shed light on the binding modalities of these molecules. The reactivity indices of these compounds were calculated using the Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) approach, employing the B3LYP-d energy function and lacvp**(d,p) basis set for calculations. Schiff base derivatives based on benzimidazole, especially compounds 2h and 2g, exhibited lower electrophilicity and higher bioactivity compared to their counterparts 2i and 2m.

The crystal engineering of 3d-metal with two tetrazole-phenyl-carboxylate linkers and multiple post-synthetic metal exchange

Ligand with mixed-groups contributes to the construction of special structure motif with novel properties, yet it is challenging to understand and regulate the competitive coordination of different functional groups toward metal ions. Herein, the crystal engineering for MOF construction from two linear di-topic linkers of 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid (H2tzba) and the longer 4′-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid (H2tzbba) featuring dual groups of phenyl-carboxylate and tetrazole, with three typical 3d metal ions (Mn2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+) were investigated. A series of five new MOFs, that are [Mn3(tzba)3(dmf)4]·11dmf (1, dmf = N,N-Dimethylformamide), [Mn(tzba)(H2O)] (2), [Zn2(tzba)2(dmf)]·0.5dmf (3), [Fe2(tzba)2(dmf)]·0.5dmf (4) and [Zn2(tzbbz)(gac)(dmf)2]·1.5dmf (5), were synthesized under solvothermal reactions. The modified solvent template and temperature effects lead to 3D framework of 1 (dmf solution under 433 K) with [Mn3(tz)3(COO)3] nodes and 1D hexagonal channels, while the 2 (water solution under 373 K) posssesses compact pillared-layer motif from [Mn2(tz)2] nodes. Under changed metal salt reactents but same solvent of dmf, the generated 3 and 4 have isoreticular and porous pillared-layer structure constituted of [M2(COO)2] nodes. The use of tzbba coupled with a crucial auxiliary ligand of glycollic acid, leads to 5 as porous pillared-layer MOFs with 1D rounded channels. The porous flexible skeleton of 1 constructed from [Mn3] node with four coordinated dmf facilitates post-synthetic metal exchange of the Mn2+ by radius similar metal ions following priority of Cu2+ < Zn2+ < Ni2+< Co2+, with maximum exchange percentage ranging from 17 % to 69 %. Time dependent ICP-AES analysis revealed the quite wide feasible solvents for post-synthetic metal exchange, as well as the fine control on substituting degree based on soaking temperature and time. Particularly, the compatible introduce of four different metal ions support the potential of preparing bi-, tri-, tetra- and penta- metal MOF crystals, that can not be obtained by traditional solvothermal reactions.

Preparation and surface photovoltage regulation of (Cs/MA)3Bi2I9 double A-site cation mixed-phase perovskite nanocrystal structure

This paper reports a novel (Cs/MA)3Bi2I9 double A-site cations perovskite nanostructured photoelectrode and its fabrication method, utilizing a stoichiometric dissolution of MAI, CsI, and BiI3 solutes in DMF solvent. The (Cs/MA)3Bi2I9 perovskite electrodes are then prepared on FTO glass substrates using the spin-coating technique. Furthermore, by adjusting the molar ratio x of Cs+ to the total moles of Cs+ and MA+ in precursor, the morphology and size of the (Cs/MA)3Bi2I9 perovskite nanostructures can be effectively modulated, thereby tuning their photoelectrical properties. (Cs/MA)3Bi2I9 consists of two phases: (CsMA)3Bi2I9 formed by substituting Cs+ with MA+, and (MACs)3Bi2I9 formed by substituting MA+ with Cs+. The surface photovoltage performance of the (Cs/MA)3Bi2I9 perovskites prepared at different x values surpasses that of pure MA3Bi2I9 and Cs3Bi2I9 bismuth-based perovskites. Particularly noteworthy is that at x = 0.6, the surface photovoltage performance of (Cs/MA)3Bi2I9 perovskite is nearly double that of the pure MA3Bi2I9 and Cs3Bi2I9 perovskites.

Exclusive Solvent-Controlled Regioselective Catalytic Synthesis of Potentially Bioactive Imidazolidineiminodithiones: NMR Analysis, Computational Studies and X-ray Crystal Structures.

Herein, we describe the first consistent regiospecific reaction of isothiocyanates with a variety of substituted N-arylcyanothioformamides in a 1:1 molar ratio to generate a series of imidazolidineiminodithiones decorated with a multitude of functional groups on both aromatic rings. The reaction is carried out at room temperature using a 20 mol% catalytic amount of triethylamine with DMF as the solvent to selectively form the mentioned products with exclusive regioselectivity. The methodology features wide substrate scope, no requirement for chromatography, and good to high reaction yields. The products were isolated by simple ether/brine extraction and the structures were verified by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and high accuracy mass measurements. The first conclusive molecular structure elucidation of the observed regioisomer was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Likewise, the tautomer of the N-arylcyanothioformamide reactant was proven by X-ray diffraction analysis. Density functional theory computations at the B3LYP-D4/def2-TZVP level in implicit DMF solvent were conducted to support the noted regiochemical outcome and proposed mechanism.

Synthesis of a new unnatural polysaccharide, 2-deoxy-β(1→3)-glucan, by β−1,3-glucan phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization

Abstract We successfully synthesized a new unnatural polysaccharide, 2-deoxy-β(1→3)-glucan, by β−1,3-glucan phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization of a D-glucal monomer from a cellobiose primer, owing to recognition of such non-native substrates by the enzyme. Because of solubility of the product in several high polar organic solvents, acetylation as an example of its derivatizations smoothly occurred using acetic anhydride in the presence of base/catalyst in a DMF solvent. The NMR analysis of the acetylated derivative strongly supported the β(1→3)-linked chain structure.

Naphthalimide Based Fluorophore for the Detection of Hazardous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).

The naphthalimide molecule (NAP) was successfully synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy techniques. The NAP probe was exposed to a solvatochromic and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe using UV-visible and PL spectroscopy. In this case, the increased polarity of the solvent shows that it is red-shifted. The probe emission, a sky blue to yellow-green color at hexane to DCM, exhibited an excellent quantum yield. Meanwhile, the high-polar solvents of DMF and DMSO had poor quantum yields. This probe NAP showed the aggregation-induced emission property dramatically enhanced the emissions (at 540nm) from fw = 80-90%. NAP was conducted with two polar solvent vapors in hexane and chloroform to investigate VOCs in a further solid-state study. A real-life test paper kit NAP probe was prepared and investigated VOCs detection against hexane and chloroform. When exposed to hexane vapors, the NAP probe test kit showed sky blue emission under UV light, which returned to greenish emission upon exposure to chloroform. Therefore, the results show that this NAP probe can be used for gas leak detection applications.

Synthesis, characterization, enzyme inhibition and molecular docking studies of benzothiazole derivatives bearing alkyl phenyl ether fragments

Novel benzothiazole derivatives containing alkyl/benzyl phenyl ether fragments have been synthesized through two step reaction process. Initially, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde was refluxed with 2-aminothiophenol in the presence of sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) in DMF solvent followed by treating it with alkyl and aromatic halides in the presence of triethylamine in dry acetone to get the product derivatives (1–11) in better yields. These products were characterized by means of modern spectroscopic (1H, 13C NMR and HR-ESI-MS) techniques and screened for in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity. In the series, three compounds 13 (IC50 = 8.6 ± 0.2 µM), 3 (IC50 = 11.1 ± 0.5 µM), and 12 (IC50 = 18.2 ± 0.1 µM) showed excellent inhibition comparing with the standard kojic acid (IC50 = 17.8 ± 0.6 µM). Likewise, six compounds 9, 10, 11, 2, 4, and 5 attributed significant activity ranging from IC50 22.6 ± 0.8 to 29.2 ± 0.3 µM. Besides, compound 6 (IC50 = 40.6 ± 0.5 µM) was found least active while two compounds 7 and 8 were found inactive. The molecular docking study on molecules and their interaction with tyrosinase protein revealed a consistent pattern in the activity of kojic acid. The electronic characteristics of active derivatives 2, 3, 9–12, and kojic acid were examined using the TD-DFT approach. The study found that the HOMO and LUMO were concentrated on the π-conjugated system of the benzothiazole rings moiety, indicating a significant delocalization of electrons. The study also found that compounds compared to kojic acid, possess chemical hardness and stability properties, with lower electrophilicity index indicating higher bioactivity and lower toxicity. The study also highlighted the importance of comprehensive ADMET profiling in early drug development to ensure safety and efficacy.

Triply Interlocked [2]catenanes: Rational Synthesis, Reversible Conversion Studies and Unprecedented Application in Photothermal Responsive Elastomer

AbstractTriply interlocked [2]catenane complexes featuring two identical, mechanically interlocked units are extraordinarily rare chemical compounds, whose properties and applications remain open to detailed studies. Herein, we introduce the rational design of a new ligand precursor, L1, suitable for the synthesis of six triply interlocked [2]catenanes by coordination‐driven self‐assembly. The interlocked compounds can be reversibly converted into the corresponding simple triangular prism metallacage by addition of H2O or DMF solvents to their CH3OH solutions, thereby demonstrating the importance of π⋅⋅⋅π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions in the formation of triply interlocked [2]catenanes. Moreover, extensive studies have been conducted to assess the remarkable photothermal conversion performance. Complex 6 a, exhibiting outstanding photothermal conversion performance (conversion efficiency in solution : 31.82 %), is used to prepare novel photoresponsive elastomer in combination with thermally activated liquid crystal elastomer. The resultant material displays robust response to near‐infrared (NIR) laser and the capability of completely reforming the shape and reversible actuation, paving the way for the application of half‐sandwich organometallic units in photo‐responsive smart materials.

Triply Interlocked [2]catenanes: Rational Synthesis, Reversible Conversion Studies and Unprecedented Application in Photothermal Responsive Elastomer.

Triply interlocked [2]catenane complexes featuring two identical, mechanically interlocked units are extraordinarily rare chemical compounds, whose properties and applications remain open to detailed studies. Herein, we introduce the rational design of a new ligand precursor, L1, suitable for the synthesis of six triply interlocked [2]catenanes by coordination-driven self-assembly. The interlocked compounds can be reversibly converted into the corresponding simple triangular prism metallacage by addition of H2O or DMF solvents to their CH3OH solutions, thereby demonstrating the importance of π⋅⋅⋅π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions in the formation of triply interlocked [2]catenanes. Moreover, extensive studies have been conducted to assess the remarkable photothermal conversion performance. Complex 6 a, exhibiting outstanding photothermal conversion performance (conversion efficiency in solution : 31.82 %), is used to prepare novel photoresponsive elastomer in combination with thermally activated liquid crystal elastomer. The resultant material displays robust response to near-infrared (NIR) laser and the capability of completely reforming the shape and reversible actuation, paving the way for the application of half-sandwich organometallic units in photo-responsive smart materials.

Enhanced high-temperature iodine capture through band-edge control in covalent organic frameworks

The effective capture of radioactive iodine species is crucial in nuclear waste treatment, particularly under high-temperature industrial conditions (≥150 °C), yet it poses a significant challenge. Here, we propose a novel approach for constructing highly efficient iodine traps by precisely controlling band edges in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) through the incorporation of fluorine atoms. This strategy facilitates the transformation of I2 into I5−, thereby enhancing the interactions between the COF host and radioiodine species, leading to a remarkable iodine uptake capacity of up to 2.36 g/g under static adsorption condition at 150 °C, and 36.12 wt% under dynamic adsorption condition at 150 °C. Moreover, the captured iodine can be released by immersing the solid form in DMF solvent, providing a mean to modulate reaction conditions gently. Notably, TFA-COF material can be reused multiple times without significant loss in its iodine capture performance.

A semi-flexible polybenzimidazole with enhanced comprehensive performance for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Although phosphoric acid-doped PBI holds great promise for application in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the stabilities of phosphoric acid-doped membranes are compromised due to the low absorption capacity of phosphoric acid, poor solubility and difficulty in processing. In this study, by introducing poly (5-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole) monomers into the polybenzimidazole main chains, a semi-flexible polybenzimidazole (PBI-QP) was prepared. The mechanical properties of PBI-QP membranes were better than that of PBI membrane. The tensile strength of PBI-QP-20 reached to 130.9 MPa. Compared with PBI, the solubility of PBI-QP has improved significantly. PBI-QP can be easily dissolved in the solvents of DMF, DMSO and formic acid separately at room temperature. All the membranes exhibited super thermal stability. At 800 °C there is still 72% quantity of residue and the thermal stability of PBI-QP can meet the thermal stability requirements of HT-PEMFCs. The membranes of PBI-QP demonstrated high phosphoric acid absorption (ADL 10.5) and enhanced antioxidant properties. The proton conductivity is 64.3 mS∙cm−1 at 170 °C and the peak power density attains an impressive level of 573.6 mW cm−2 at 180 °C. The results indicate that the synthesized HT-PEMs exhibit excellent solubility and impressive peak power density, underscoring their substantial promise for utilization in HT-PEMs.

High performance lamellar structured graphene oxide nanocomposite membranes via Fe3O4-coordinated phytic acid control of interlayer spacing for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN)

Graphene oxide (GO), a 2D nanomaterial known for its precise molecular sieving, holds potential for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN) and wastewater treatment. However, challenges such as thin interlayer spacing, extended diffusion pathways, and susceptibility to dehydration and negative charge-induced swelling limit its separation performance. To overcome these limitations, Herein, we have fabricated novel Fe3O4 coordinated PhA intercalated GO nanocomposite membranes. Impressively, these nanocomposite membranes exhibited remarkable separation efficiency for dyes, pesticides, and pharmaceutical ingredients, addressing the drawbacks associated with pristine GO membranes and enhancing their overall performance. The optimum G10(1)/P1.5-F100µL nanocomposite membrane displayed impressive solvent permeance of 40.43, 33.45, 20.70, 16.24, and 5.6 L/m2 h bar for acetone, methanol, water, ethanol, and IPA, respectively, while maintaining a rejection rate of ≥98.97 % for the MO dye (MW = 327.33 g/mol). Furthermore, the membrane exhibited outstanding efficiency in separating tetracycline (TC) in ethanol (≥97.97 %) and Pendimethalin (PM) in water (≥99.88 %). Additionally, it demonstrated high rejection capabilities for MB (≥98 %) and CR (≥98.78 %) in harsh DMF solvent. Importantly, the nanocomposite membrane displayed outstanding durability throughout continuous separation of Pendimethalin (PM) in a water solution over a period of 168 h. The PM separation remained nearly unchanged for the entire 168-h duration, demonstrating high mechanical strength and chemical stability. Additionally, the single nanocomposite membrane showcased high efficiency in feed change separation, successfully separating CR in ethanol and PM in water. These results, compared to the other GO-based nanocomposite membranes, demonstrate the exceptional stability and immense potential for real OSN applications.

Synthesis of the 2-alkynyl benzo[b]furanes/benzo[b]thiophenes from the cross-coupling reaction of benzo[b]furanyl/ benzo[b]thiophene aluminum reagents with gem-dibromoolefin derivatives catalyzed by palladium

A PdCl2(dppf)2/MePhos catalyzed synthesis of 2-alkynylbenzo[b]furanes/benzo[b]thiophenes by the cross-coupling of benzo[b]furan/benzo[b]thiophene aluminums with gem-dibromoviny derivatives at 80 °C in DMF solvent was developed. The aryls bearing electron-donating or -withdrawing groups in gem-dibromoviny derivatives give the corresponding coupling products 2-alkynylbenzo[b]furanes/benzo[b]thiophenes in moderate to good isolated yields up to 74 %. For electrically neutral, electron rich or electron deficient benzo[b]furanyl/benzo[b]thiophene aluminum reagents, corresponding 2-alkynylbenzo[b]furane/benzo[b]thiophene compounds can also be obtained with moderate to good isolated yields. This process was simple and easily performed, which provides an efficient method for the synthesis of 2-alkynyl benzo[b]furane/benzo[b]thiophene derivatives. On the basis of the experimental results, a possible catalytic cycle has been proposed.