DMF Rate Research Articles

Changes in the main dental parameters of preschoolers with caries affected by long-term probiotic intake

Relevance. For several decades, they have added bacteria called probiotics to some foods for their positive effects on human health. In dental practice, probiotics may help fight caries and inflammatory periodontal diseases. Dentists are interested in probiotics because of the latter’s ability to adhere to and colonize various oral tissues.Purpose. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of S. salivarius M18 probiotic in preschool children.Material and methods. The study formed 2 groups (45 children in each) of children aged 3 to 6 years with multiple dental caries who underwent dental treatment and 4-fold fluoride varnish application. The main group took 2 courses of S. salivarius M18 probiotic lozenges (the 1st course from February 16 to May 16, 2021, and the 2nd course from October 26, 2021, to January 26, 2022). The children of the comparison group did not use the probiotic. We evaluated the Hygiene Index by Fedorov-Volodkina, dmf(t) rate, ICDAS-II index, and PMA index in children of both groups at the baseline and after 3, 6 and 12 months. Additionally, both groups kept food diaries. The statistical data processing was performed variance analysis of using the Friedman test (significant differences were at p ≤ 0.05).Results. The year of observation in preschool children showed that two 3-month courses of an S. salivarius M18 probiotic intake led to a signifcant improvement in the hygiene index by 2.2 times, 2.3-fold stabilization of initial caries according to the ICDAS II index, caries decrease by 81%, gingivitis prevalence reduction (PMA index decrease by 72.9%).Conclusion. The study results confirm the effectiveness of S. salivarius M18 probiotic in preschoolers with caries as a means of dental status correction and stabilization.

Correlation of HIV-infection and HIV/HCV Co-infection with Oral Health Status of Inner-City Sub-population in Saskatchewan, Canada.

To identify the correlation of HIV-infection and HIV/HCV co-infection with the oral health status of patients accessing an inner-city dental clinic in Saskatchewan, Canada. A cross-sectional chart review of 2000 electronic patient records was performed from an inner-city community dental clinic. Utilizing Andersen and Newman framework of health service utilization, simple, bivariate and multivariate comparisons were conducted. More than half of the patients 53% (n=1,065) were within the ages of 36 to 65. The patient charts represented a mixture of ethnicities including immigrants to Canada (e.g., from Syria, Iran, Europe, China) and Indigenous people. Six percent (n=111) of patients were recorded positive for HIV/AIDS, while 3% (n=46) of patients recorded both HIV/HCV-co-infection. Forty-five percent (n=844) of patients had dental decay. In the bivariate analyses, smoking ([mean]: 3.0 vs. 2.1), being positive for HIV ([mean]: 4.1 vs. 2.6] and HCV ([mean]: 3.7 vs. 2.7) appeared to be associated with higher number of mean decayed teeth. Drug or alcohol addiction (p<.0001), HIV-positive status (p<.0001), and diagnosis of a mental disorder (p=.0037) were associated with the missing teeth. The multivariate analysis confirmed either HIV-positive or HCV-positive had a higher DMF rate compared with those without. Patients who were both HIV and HCV-positive had an estimated DMF rate almost double of those without either condition (IRR=1.84, p<.0001). Several psychosocial factors, HIV-infection and HCV-infection were associated with higher number of decayed and missing teeth.

Spatial analysis of caries experience in population of teens, adults, and elderly people in the state of São Paulo: data from SB SP 2015

OBJECTIVE: Estimate the prevalence and gravity of coronal dental caries for populations of adolescents, adults and elderly people.METHODS: For the crossing of data of the average DMF rates by Regional Health Directorate (RHD) with the digital cartographical base, municipals were grouped by RHD, and the connection between the two bases was formed by a common code or “primary key” in the TerraView® software program (version 4.2.1).RESULTS: The distribution of the DMF average for the teen population was the worst for RHD 8, while RHDs 4, 7 and 14 had lower averages. For the adult population, RHDs 4 and 12 presented the lowest DMF averages. On the other hand, RHDs 8, 13, and 16 had the worst results. For the elderly population, the RHD 4 presented the lowest average, and RHD 9 the highest DMF rate for this population.CONCLUSION: The differences in DMF averages among the RHDs and the populations studied showed that it is necessary to plan different locoregional oral health actions to face the severe clinical state exposed, since its spatial distribution is disparate, with concentrations of cases in certain regions for all age groups studied.

울산광역시 장애인 구강진료사업의 성과 분석 : 초중고 학생을 중심으로

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral health status of the disabled people in Ulsan. Methods : Two dentists taken a calibration training for national oral health survey examined the Oral health status on 110 disabled people in Ulsan, in 2009. The surveyed disabled people, 6 to 19 years old, have been supplied with the oral health care services by dentists, oral hygienists and volunteers at dental clinics of schools and a dental clinic supported from Ulsan Metropolitan City Nam-Gu Health Center since 1997. The obtained data from these surveys were analyzed with the SPSS statistical package. Results : Among subjects aged 12-14 years, DMF rate was 38.2%; Active D rate, 17.6%; DMFT index, 1.15; DT rate, 33.33%; MT rate, 0.00%; FT rate, 66.67%. Oral heath status of disabled people in Ulsan were evaluated to be a similar level to the Ulsan non-disabled citizens from 2010 Korean National Survey. Conclusions : The oral health care programs for disabled people using voluntary dentists, oral hygienists and other workers in Ulsan are evaluated to be effective for the disabled people.

어머니의 구강보건관리행태가 초등학교 아동의 치아우식에 미치는 영향

Objectives : By analyzing the affects of the mother's oral care to the caries experiences of the elementary school children, To looking for the way to prevent dental caries in the primary school, to provide baseline data to perform the associated oral health education. Methods : Between the 3,676 children's dental check-up data and the 2,934 survey of parents from 9 elementary schools in the the Gyeonggi Province, the exactly matching data of 2,358 pairs, children versus mothers, were analyzed during the period, 2009 May 4 to July 20, By using the PASW 18(SPSS-PC 18), Frequency analysis of the collected data, and cross-analysis, ANOVA, Bonferroni post-analysis was performed. Results : The findings of the study were as follows. 1. In children, the ratio(DMF rate)of the dental caries experience in permanent teeth, appeared higher for men than women. Divided by grade level, the ratio of caries experience in the permanent teeth(DMF rate) generally appear higher in older than young. Thus between the child's gender and grade level by the ratio of caries experience in the permanent teeth(DMF rate) showed the statistically significant differences (p<0.05). 2. Between the socioeconomic characteristics of mothers and the children's level of dental caries experiences, not showed the statistically significant difference.(p>0.05). 3. The significant difference showed between the dental caries levels of the children and the mother's oral health care behavior - a toothbrush replacement period, mother's broken teeth, mothers guidances of the brushing after snacks for children(p<0.05). Conclusions : The mother's oral health attitudes and behaviors can affect to their children's oral care habits. Therefore The mother themselves should have the right proper habit of oral health care, so that in oral health care mothers should be the model for their children. Institutionally more systematic and detailed oral health educational program in conjunction with the family is needed.

Caries preventive effect of permanent teeth using pit and fissure sealant program and community water fluoridation program

Copyright © 2012 by Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the caries preventive effects of oral health programs composed of pit and fissure sealant and community water fluoridation in Hapcheon-Up, HapcheonGun, the Republic of Korea. Methods: Dental surveys were conducted on 6 to 14 year old children at Hapcheon-Up, HapcheonGun in 2000 and 2009, respectively. The number of the subjects was 1,957 and 1,535 children in 2000 and 2009, respectively. The percentage of samples among total population aged 6 to 14 years in 2000 and 2009 was 90.6% and 92.3%, respectively. The obtained data from these surveys were analyzed with the PASW statistical package version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The 2009 dental health data including the prevalence of dental caries and fissure sealants on children’s permanent teeth was compared to the 2000 dental health data, and assessed using chi-square test and independent-sample t-test. Results: DMF rate of 12-year olds was 76.9% in 2000, and it significantly decreased to 42.5% in 2009. DMFT index of 12-year olds was 3.03 in 2000, and it significantly decreased to 1.07 in 2009. The prevalence rate of sealed permanent teeth among the 12-year olds was 15.4% in 2000, and it significantly increased to 97.2% in 2009. The caries reduction rate from pit and fissure sealant added by community water fluoridation program was calculated as 44.7% in 12-year olds by the difference of DMFT index between 2000 and 2009 year. Logistic regression analysis revealed that both programs were associated with an increasing likelihood of experiencing no dental caries (OR=4.00, 95% CI; 3.23-4.95). Conclusions: These results suggest that the oral health program composed of pit and fissure sealant and community water fluoridation in Hapcheon was very effective in caries prevention. The program should be expanded to other area to prevent dental caries among children.

전북지역 다문화가족 어린이의 구강건강 실태조사

본 연구는 전라북도 지역에 거주하는 다문화가족 어린이의 치아 우식 발생 양상과 빈도, 그리고 유구치 교합관계를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 익산시 인큰 지역의 다문화가족 지원센터와 협의하여 만 3-5세 유치열기 어린이 190명을 대상으로 각 치아 및 치면별 우식 발생 양상과 교합관계를 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전체 어린이의 유치우식경험자율(dmf rate) 는 3세에서 61.7%, 4세에서 88.7%, 5세에서 92.6%로 나타났으며 남녀간 유의 한 차이 가 없었다(p>0.05). 2. 우식경험유치지수는 3세에서 22.2, 4세에서 4.97, 5세에서 6.62로 남녀간 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 3. 전체 연령을 대상으로 보았을 때 우식경험유치율은 3세에서 28.8%, 5세에서 56.7%를 나타낸 상악 유중절치가 높은 빈도를 보여주고 있다. 4. 필리핀, 캄보디아, 베트남 등의 동남아시아 여성의 어린이 우식경험유치지수와 우식경험유치면지수가 중국이나 일본 여성의 어린이보다 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 5. 유구치 교합관계에 있어 flush terminal plane type인 경우가 82.6%, distal step type이 5.4% 그리고 mesial step type이 8.4%로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to obtain the data for dental caries experience and occlusal pattern to utilize these data for motivating oral health promotion and activating oral health care programme in preschool children of multicultural family. Caries prevalence on primary teeth was surveyed for 3-5 years old 190 children of multicultural families in Chonbuk province. The results were as follows : 1. Dental caries prevalence rate of primary teeth (dmf rate) was 61.7% at 3 years of age, 88.7% at 4 years of age, and 92.6% at 5 years of age (p>0.05). 2. Average score of dmft index was 2.22 at 3 years of age, 4.97 at 4 years of age, and 6.62 at 5 years of age (p>0.05). 3. Most of the caries-prevailed tooth was maxillary primary central incisor and showed 28.8% at 3 years of age, 56.7% at 5 years of age. 4. dmft index and dmfs index of children of Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Filipinos women were higher than those of Chinese and Japanese. 5. In sagittal primary molar relationship, flush terminal plane type was 82.6%, distal step type was 5.2% and mesial step type was 8.4%. This study is the first report for children of multicultural families in Korea. More attention for children of multicultural families will be needed in aspect of oral disease prevention and treatment.

Analiza wpływu wybranych czynników na intensywność próchnicy wczesnej

Introduction Early childhood caries is an important problem that triggers the loss of deciduous teeth, which in turn may lead to dysfunction of the masticatory system. Early childhood caries results mainly from improper parent's care of infant's oral cavity as well as bad nutritional habits. Aim Analysis of the influence of selected factors on the intensity of early childhood caries. Materials and methods One hundred and five 3-year old children going to kindergartens in Warsaw were examined. Clinical studies included caries intensity (dmf) and oral hygiene index (OHI). Questionnaire for parents allowed to obtain information about socio-economical factors (parents’ age, educational and material status), factors concerning pregnancy and labour (diseases during pregnancy, stimulants and drugs intake while being pregnant) and children related factors (general health condition, nutritional habits, type and quality of dental care). The questionnaire complemented clinical examination. Results Examined group characterized with caries intensity index dmf = 2.88. Studies show higher dmf rate among girls (3.02) than among boys (2.74). The greatest importances were the sweetening of foods in a bottle and fall asleep while sucking the breast or bottle feeding. High OHI and consequently poor oral hygiene also corresponded with advanced progression of caries in examined group of children. Conclusion Insufficient knowledge of the young parents about necessity and proper methods of oral care in children as well as balanced nutritional pattern affects considerably the presence of early childhood caries among 3-year old children.

A Comparison of Dental Caries Status in Cities With or Without Water Fluoridation

PP-29-079 Background/Aims: We compared dental caries status of deciduous and permanent teeth in Ansan, which has an 8-year water fluoridation program, and non-water-fluoridated Geoje, Korea to assess the effect of water fluoridation program. Methods: In 2007, dental surveys were carried out on 5, 6, 8, and 12-year-old children in the water-fluoridated Ansan city (n = 974) and non–water-fluoridated Geoje city (n = 914). Survey data were analyzed using SPSS v12.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Caries prevention effect was estimated by differences in dmft, dmfs, DMFT, and DMFS indices between the program (water-fluoridated Ansan city) and control groups (non–water-fluoridated Geoje city). Results: The dmf rate of 5-year-olds was 57.1% in the program group and 69.8% in controls. The dmft and dmfs indices of 5-year-old children in program group were 2.64 and 5.56, respectively. Those in control group were 4.19 and 9.21, respectively. The DMF rate of 12-year-old children was 52.1% in the program group and 64.6% in controls. The DMFT and DMFS indices of 12-year-old children in program group were 1.44 and 2.77, respectively. Those in control group were 2.51 and 4.65, respectively. The caries reduction rate of 5-year-old children was 37.0% based on the dmft index difference. The caries reduction rate of 12-year-old children was 42.6% based on the DMFT index difference. Conclusion: The community water fluoridation program in Ansan has reduced caries incidence in deciduous and permanent teeth sufficiently to merit extension to other communities.

A controlled prospective randomized trial of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy following radical cystectomy in advanced high risk bladder cancer

5082 Background: High risk locally advanced bladder cancer patients experienced low survival rates, high local recurrence and high rate of distant metastasis. Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) improved local control and survival, yet it did not affect distant metastasis. Methods: A prospective randomized trial was performed at NCI, Cairo, Egypt including 146 patients in 2 arms. Patients who underwent radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy had to have one or more of the following: stage P3b or P4a, G3 or involved lymphadenopathy. Arm I (74 patients) received PORT 45 Gy/30 fractions/3 weeks. Arm II (72 patients) received 2 courses of adjuvant chemotherapy (Gemcitabine 1 gm/m2 D1 and D8 and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 D2), same PORT regimen followed by another 2 courses of Gemcitabine-cisplatin. Results: Chemotherapy and radiation were tolerated with grade 1/2 toxicities. Delayed toxicity was comparable in both arms. The 45-month DFS was 51 ± 12 % in the whole group. This was affected significantly by performance status (p = 0.0001), pathological stage (p = 0.0099), nodal involvement (p = 0.004) and number of risk factors (p = 0.16). Though there was improvement of 45-month DFS from 28 ± 20% in PORT group to 70 ± 6 % in chemoradiotherapy group, yet it did not reach to the level of statistical significance (p = 0.18). Patients having one risk factor, G3 or no nodal involvement in arm II experienced better DFS than those in arm I (p = 0.17, 0.11 and 0.17 respectively). Distant metastasis-free survival (DMF) rate increased with the addition of chemotherapy from 29±21% to 75±6%. This effect was intensified in patients having one risk factor, grade 3 and negative nodes. Conclusions: Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy using Gemcitabine-cisplatin and PORT was tolerable. There was DFS improvement and higher DMF rates with the addition of chemotherapy to PORT (not statistically significant yet). Patients with one risk factor, G3 or no nodal involvement seemed to benefit more from the added chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Preliminary results of concurrent chemotherapy with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for advanced cancer of the larynx/hypopharynx

5544 Purpose: Retrospective review of an institution’s IMRT experience in treating advanced laryngeal/hypopharyngeal carcinoma with concurrent chemotherapy. Methods: Between 1/02–6/05, 31 patients with advanced laryngeal/hypopharyngeal carcinoma (74% T3/T4 disease;71% stage IV) underwent combined modality treatment. There were 20 laryngeal and 11 hypopharyngeal carcinomas. All patients received definitive IMRT with a median RT dose of 70 Gy. Concurrent chemotherapy was also given to all patients [cis-platinum (100mg/m2/cycle) or carboplatin/5-fluorouracil (J Clin Oncol 2004;22:69) every 3 weeks for 2–3 planned cycles; 3 patients received a weekly paclitaxel/carboplatin program]. Prophylactic feeding tubes (PEG) were placed in all patients. Acute toxicity and late xerostomia were scored using the RTOG radiation morbidity scale. The 2-year estimates for local progression-free rate (LPF), regional progression-free rate (RPF), distant metastases-free rate (DMF), and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: With a median follow-up of 17 months (range: 7–48), 2-year estimates of LPF, RPF, DMF, and OS rates were 76%, 94%, 96%, 87%, respectively. All patients with local failure of laryngeal carcinoma had persistent disease at the end of treatment. Grade ≥2 mucositis was experienced by 68% of the patients during treatment. Xerostomia continued to decrease over time from the end of RT and only 4 still complained of Grade 2 xerostomia. A greater proportion of patients with hypopharynx than larynx cancer were still PEG-dependent (55% versus 25%) after combined modality treatment at the time of this analysis. One patient developed laryngeal necrosis. Conclusions: These preliminary results show that IMRT, in combination with chemotherapy, achieved encouraging local control rates in patients with advanced laryngeal/hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Xerostomia improved over time. Pharyngoesophageal stricture with PEG dependency remains a problem especially in patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Strategies using the ability of IMRT to limit the dose delivered to the esophagus and inferior constrictor musculature may be useful to further minimize this late complication. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Oral conditions of inhabitants in Tokashiki Island, Okinawa

The Department of Health of Okinawa Prefecture with the cooperation of the Ministry of Health and Welfare and eight Dental Schools in Japan, is performing dental treatment and oral health care on inhabitants in areas of Okinawa where no dentists are present. We were asked to offer dental treatment and oral health care for the inhabitants of Tokashiki Island, Okinawa from June 30 to July 29, 1997. The DMF rates of school children of Tokashiki Island was much higher than the average rates in Japan. Among the treatment procedures, conservative treatment was 72.5%, most of which was composite resin filling. Most middle-aged persons had severe periodontal disease rather than severe dental caries. Patients, who suffered from severe dental caries chose extraction of their teeth rather than conservative treatment. The denture wearers of Tokashiki Island used their dentures longer than those who visited our Prosthodontic Department. They were not necessarily dissatisfied with their dentures, but their alveolar ridges were absorbed extensively. These conditions could be due to not only patients' consciousness but also the lack of dental hygiene education. It seems that primary prevention and higher dental hygiene education are needed for the inhabitants of Tokashiki Island where dental treatment must be done in a short time.

A computer software system for dental caries rates: databases and statistical analysis

A computer software system developed ICADAPLUS, is presented in order to create and tabulate data bases, calculate the DMF rate, perform statistical comparison of two populations, and calculate confidence intervals. The system offers a simplified method for health services in the area of dentistry, using dental records to carry out epidemiological surveys of tooth decay. The system's main feature is that it does not require specialists either in the area of dentistry or computing, demanding of the user only basic data-entry typing skills, since it presents simple menus, and standardized reports, with no possibility of error. The system comprises four steps: Data-entry, Processing, Reports and Utilities. In Data-entry the regions, towns and institutions supplying the data are initially registered, once only. Each record receives a code number, and it is this code which is available to the user through a Function Key, by means of which the code is transferred to the desired data field. Furthermore, there is a choice of type of dental chart: Klein and Palmer's DMF; the DMF proposed by the WHO; Klein, Palmer and Knutson's DMF surfaces; or Gruebbel's def. It is possible to include, alter and exclude records in each option. In Processing, it is necessary, first of all, to organise the indexes, totalize the data, and remit them to the data base, where no further alteration or exclusion occurs. From this stage on, reports can be prepared from the proposed indexes, grouped according to age, or age and gender. The system was validated by comparison with other methods. This comparison justifies the recommendation of its implementation.

施設入所精神発達遅滞者のう蝕り患に関する経年疫学研究 在籍年数とＤＭＦ歯率

Epidemiological analyses of tooth DMF rate and 4 related indices in connection with the length of their stay, were performed on 948 subjects who received dental examinations after the initial admission examination. They were among a group of 1107 mentally retarded individuals who were admitted to the Niigata Prefectural Institute of Total Training for Mentally Retarded, Colony Niigata Shiroiwa-no-Sato during the years 1971-1988.(1) The 948 subjects were categorized into 3 groups on the basis of the length of stay: 1-5 years, 6-10 years, and 11 years and longer. The tooth DMF rate showed a tendency to increase with age and had values in the range of 24.3-64.5%, in the ages between 15 and 49 years in all 3 groups. The tooth mortality rate (TMR) and the tooth fatality rate due to dental caries (TFR) exhibited a tendency to increas with age but had fluctuations based on the age group. TMR and TFR were between 3.1-39.7% and 10.9-70.7%, respectively, in all 3 of the groups. The treated tooth rate (TTR) and the restorative index (RI) was approximately the same with age in all 3 of the groups and rose slightly as the length of stay increased. These two indices were in the ranges of 13.6-43.2% and 57.3-100.0%, respectively.(2) The difference in the tooth DMF rate by sex was recognized in stays longer than 11 years in the 1971-1975 newcomers (p<0.001). Females had a higher index than males in the tooth DMF rate, TMR, TTR, and RI. These were independent of the period of admission. The difference in TMR was greater in the length of stay between 6-10 years (p<0.05) and disappeared after that. There was no recognizable difference in TFR based on the admission time of subject. A difference in TTR was recognizable in stays longer than 11 years (p<0.001) but a difference in RI was not. Differences in the tooth DMF rate, TMR, and TTR by sex in 1976-1981 newcomers existed 1-5 years after admission but these differences disappeared after that. No difference was noted after 1-5 years of stay in 1982-1988 newcomers.(3) Although a decrease was found in males and an increase was found in females, there was almost no significant difference in the tooth DMF rate in comparison to the newcomers of the same ages admitted at the time of examination. Increases in TTR and RI were remarkable. Decreases in TMR and TFR were seen in males as their length of stay increased.(4) In comparison to the averages of all Japanese, studied in the Survey of Dental Diseases taken by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the tooth DMF rate was almost equal in males and was lower in females. Higher values in TMR were found than in the Survey. Increases in TTR and RI were also higher in relation to the length of stay in the institute.

学校歯科保健活動における低濃度フッ化物洗口法導入によるう蝕予防効果の研究

The purpose of this study was to clarify the cariostatic effect when mouth rinsing with dilute fluoride solution was introduced into school dental health programs.The subjects were 300 children (160 boys and 140 girls), who used a 100ppm fluoride mouth rinse with for 6 years. These subjects were analysed by cohort observation. As controls, 943 schoolchildren (479 boys and 464 girls) in 1986 and 1987 who had no fluoride mouth rinsing were analysed by longitudinal observation and were compared with the fluoride group. A precise oral examination was carried out once a year. An evaluation of cariostatic effect was performed by DMFT index, DMF rate for each tooth type, and comparison between fluoride groups of DMF rate of upper and lower first molar for each school grade at time of eruption.The increment of DMFT index in the fluoride group was less than in the control group. It showed a statistically significant cariostatic effect in the higher grades for both boys and girls. The DMF rate for each tooth type of 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 5 and 7 was reduced in the fluoride group and showed a statistically significant difference for both boys and girls. The DMF rate of upper first molar erupted during the first or second school grade showed no difference, but there was cariostatic effect when the molar erupted during the third grade.As a result, we recognized that a high cariostatic effect was obtained by introducing mouth rinsing with a solution of 100ppm fluoride into school dental health programs. Observation of DMF rate for each tooth type classified by school grade at time of eruption was a useful method for evaluating the cariostatic effect of fluoride mouth rinsing.

施設入所精神発達遅滞者のう蝕り患に関する経年疫学研究 入所時所見について その２

Epidemiological analyses were performed on the prevalence of dental caries among the 1107 subjects at the time they were admitted to the Niigata Prefectural Institute of Total Traning for the Mentally Retarded, Colony Niigata Shiroiwa-no-Sato, during the years 1971-1988. Statistical analyses were done using a data base which was constructed from examination records in which caries was graded according to the four-grade diagnostic standard.(1) The tooth DMF rate was 22.0-31.4 % for the 15-19-year-old age groups for the periods 1971-1975, 1976-1981 and 1982-1988, and was calculated to reach more than 50% at the end of the subjects' 40s for the period 1982-1988, gradually increasing with age and time. Changes in the tooth mortality rate and the tooth fatality rate due to dental caries in all subjects in their 30s were 18.1, 26.1, and 27.8%, and 51.7, 62.6, and 53.6%, respectively, for the periods 1971-1975, 1976-1981, and 1982-1988. The changes in these two indices in the 15-19-year-olds were on the decrease: 6.0, 4.5, and3.1%, and 23.1, 16.8, and 11.7%, respectively. The treated tooth rate and the restorative index were designated for all the age groups on the basis of the values determined for the 15-19-year-old group. These were 8.9, 15.2, and 16.8%, and 41.8, 62.2, and 69.9% in 1971-1975, 1976-1981, and 1982-1988, respectively.In comparison to the averages of all Japanese, the rate of tooth loss was higher among our subjects up to the present. As a result, the rate of tooth treatment is proportionally diminished. There was not a great difference in the rate of occurrence of dental caries.(2) Though there was a considerable difference between males and females in dental caries prevalence in 1971-1975, it disappeared in 1982-1988, showing early signs of fading in 1976-1981.(3) There was no difference in dental caries prevalence between the profound to severely retarded and the moderately retarded who could be institutionalized. Even when the degree of mental retardation influenced dental caries prevalence it played a role that was less influential than that of dental care service; it did not directly correlate with cavity formation.(4) The Occurrence of dental caries showed no fluctuation in females and was on a very gradual increase in males in these 17 years. The rate of treated cavities rapidly increased. Therefore, there was a corresponding decrease in untreated and lost teeth.

The effect of dental education and dental treatment on the dental status of a handicapped population: a longitudinal study.

SUMMARYThirty‐nine patients, aged 3 to 22, who have handicapping conditions were examined twice in a range of 1 1/2 years to determine oral hygiene level, periodontal treatment needs, and level of caries. During this period, each patient was given periodontal treatment, including scaling, caries treatment, and oral health education, which also was given to hospital staff members. Findings showed a slight increase in the DMF rate, a minor improvement in oral hygiene, and a significant reduction in periodontal treatment needs. The results showed that without cooperation of the staff members, a dental education program would not succeed in this setting.

Estimation of two dental caries indices based on Japanese primary school children's caries experiences in one or two specific teeth.

This is an attempt to estimate, from dental caries experience in specific kinds of permanent teeth, the indices (DMF rate, DMFT index) which are widely employed in epidemiological studies. In this study, the estimation was based on the records of the 1981 school dental examinations conducted on 3rd graders (8-9 yr.) and 6th graders (11-12 yr.) at 143 primary schools in Japan. The estimation models used were multiple regression models and the optimum model was determined mainly by AIC and coefficient of determination.Results were: 1. The DMF rate had high correlation with the LFM (lower first molars) DMF rate in both the 3rd and the 6th graders, and the DMF rate could be estimated well with this particular kind of tooth. 2. As regards the DMFT index, the model with the combination of the UFM (upper first molars) DMFT and the LFM DMFT might have been adopted in the 3rd graders. In the 6th graders, the model with the combination of the UFM DMFT and the UCI (upper central incisors) DMFT was adopted. Both models with the combination of these two kinds of teeth provide more persuasive explanation than does any of several other partial recording methods previously proposed.The fitness of the determined model of the DMF rate would be enhanced by incorporating into the variable the kinds of teeth having the frequency distribution of caries experience most similar to that of the DMF rate, that is, the kind of tooth which is most susceptible to dental caries, using the‘individual’as the unit. In the case of the DMFT index, the fitness would be enhanced by incorporating into the variable the teeth in which caries prevalence increases greatly at that particular age of the subjects, using the‘tooth’as the unit.On this hypothesis, even in the case of junior and senior high school students or adults, the DMF rate can be estimated well with the caries prevalence of lower first molars. And in estimating the DMFT index at that age, it is supposed that there is a need for not only using the combination of the UFM DMFT and the LFM DMFT or the UCI DMFT, but also for adding the second molars DMFT as one of the variables.

台湾高地に居住する Ami 族と Bunun 族の歯牙・歯周疾患に関する疫学的研究

The extent of incidence of dental disease in the Taiwan mountain aborigines has been a subject of interest. Little, however, has been reported because of the geographical peculiarity. A study on the Ami and Bunun tribes was therefore made in December 1979. A total of 345 subjects, 168 males and 177 females, from 9 to 30 in age were studied on their teeth and the oral environment. The results were as follows : 1. The average number of the erupted permanent teeth was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the females than in the males for the ages from 9 to 12. 2. The percentage of persons with one or more DMF teeth showed a decreasing tendency with an increase in age in the males and a minimum of 61.11±11.49 was observed for the ages from 16 to 30. A similar tendency was also observed in the females. The males showed a significantly lower value (p<0.01) than the females. 3. The DMF rate showed a decreasing tendency in the males with an increase in age and a minimum of 9.85±1.27% was observed for the ages from 16 to 30. In the females, the rate was fairly constant at 20-23% despite an increase in age. The males showed significantly lower values (p<0.01) than the females for each age group. 4. The number of DMFT was significantly lower (p<0.01) in the males than in the females for each age group. At the ages from 9 to 15, most DMFT were DT (decayed teeth) in both males and females. At the ages from 16 to 30, 75% or more of DMFT were DT (decayed teeth). 5. The number of DMFS tended to increase in both males and females with an increase in age. A maximum was 6.72±2.29 in the males and 17.12±2.70 in the females at the ages from 16 to 30. The males showed significantly lower values (p<0.01) than the females for each age group. 6. The OHI was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the males than in the females at the ages from 13 to 15. 7. The PMA index showed an increasing tendency with an increase in age in both males and females. At the ages from 16 to 30 in particular, marked prevalence of gingivitis was evidenced by 6.00±1.19 in the males and 6.08±0.90 in the females. The females showed a significantly higher value (p<0.01) than the females at the ages from 13 to 15. On the basis of the foregoings, both low incidence of caries (higher age group) and high incidence of caries (lower age group) were observed at the same time in the Ami and Bunun tribes. The transitional stage was estimated to be around 15 years old.

Comparison of the severity of caries attack in permanent first molars in Iraqi and Sudanese schoolchildren

Severity of caries attack of the permanent first molars was investigated on two population groups of Arabian origin, namely 1617 Iraqi and 725 Sudanese primary schoolchildren ranging in age from 6 to 12 years. The results showed a higher DMF rate in the Iraqis in all the age groups studied, reaching a maximum of 83% at age 11, whereas the maximum level was 60% in Sudanese children at age 10.